Qualitative and quantitative strategies of thermal adaptation of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenases

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-jen Lin ◽  
Shirley MacLeod ◽  
Ching-ming Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

Effects of grass carp introduction on macrophyte communities in a shallow lake

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Krupska ◽  
Mariusz Pełechaty ◽  
Andrzej Pukacz ◽  
Przemysław Ossowski
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Macrophyte Communities ◽  
Forest Lake ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Potential Trigger

AbstractIn 2002, 2005 and 2007 vegetation and physicochemical properties of pelagial water were investigated in a shallow mid-forest lake. In 2002, the highest phytocoenotic diversity was recorded; charophytes and vascular submerged macrophytes formed their own extensive communities. After stocking with grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) in 2002, reduction of water transparency, as well as changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of macrophyte communities were observed. Submerged vegetation declined during subsequent growing seasons. Charophyte meadows vanished first.The introduction of grass carp appeared to be a potential trigger for the rapid changes observed in the vegetation.

scholarly journals Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Changyong Mu ◽  
Qiwang Zhong ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Grass Carp Reovirus ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease with high mortality and leads to serious economic losses in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry in China. Oral vaccine has been proven to be an effective method to provide protection against fish viruses. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-VP35-VP4 was generated to express VP35 and VP4 proteins from GCRV type Ⅱ via Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The expression of recombinant VP35-VP4 protein (rVP35-VP4) in Bombyx mori embryo cells (BmE) and silkworm pupae was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) after infection with BmNPV-VP35-VP4. To vaccinate the grass carp by oral route, the silkworm pupae expressing the rVP35-VP4 proteins were converted into a powder after freeze-drying, added to artificial feed at 5% and fed to grass carp (18 ± 1.5 g) for six weeks, and the immune response and protective efficacy in grass carp after oral vaccination trial was thoroughly investigated. This included blood cell counting and classification, serum antibody titer detection, immune-related gene expression and the relative percent survival rate in immunized grass carp. The results of blood cell counts show that the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of immunized grass carp increased significantly from 14 to 28 days post-immunization (dpi). The differential leukocyte count of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher than those in the control group at 14 dpi. Additionally, the number of lymphocytes increased significantly and reached a peak at 28 dpi. The serum antibody levels were significantly increased at Day 14 and continued until 42 days post-vaccination. The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes (IFN-1, TLR22, IL-1β, MHC I, Mx and IgM) were significantly upregulated in liver, spleen, kidney and hindgut after immunization. Four weeks post-immunization, fish were challenged with virulent GCRV by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this challenge study show that orally immunized group exhibited a survival rate of 60% and relative percent survival (RPS) of 56%, whereas the control group had a survival rate of 13% and RPS of 4%. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the silkworm pupae powder containing baculovirus-expressed VP35-VP4 proteins could induce both non-specific and specific immune responses and protect grass carp against GCRV infection, suggesting it could be used as an oral vaccine.

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