scholarly journals Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Rats Internally Exposed to Radioactive 56MnO2 Particles at Low Doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 758-766
Author(s):  
Bakhyt Ruslanova ◽  
Zhaslan Abishev ◽  
Nailya Chaizhunussova ◽  
Dariya Shabdarbayeva ◽  
Sholpan Tokesheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Γ Rays

We have studied the biological effects of the internal exposure to radioactive manganese-56 dioxide (56MnO2), the major radioisotope dust found in soil after atomic bomb explosions. Our previous study of blood chemistry indicated a possible adverse effect of 56MnO2 on the liver. In the present study, we further examined the effects on the liver by determining changes in hepatic gene expressions. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 56MnO2 particles (three groups with the whole-body doses of 41, 90, and 100 mGy), stable MnO2 particles, or external 60Co γ-rays (2 Gy), and were examined together with the non-treated control group on postexposure day 3 and day 61. No histopathological changes were observed in the liver. The mRNA expression of a p53-related gene, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, increased in 56MnO2 as well as in γ-ray irradiated groups on postexposure day 3 and day 61. The expression of a stress-responsive gene, nuclear factor κB, was also increased by 56MnO2 and γ-rays on postexposure day 3. However, the expression of cytokine genes (interleukin-6 or chemokine ligand 2) or fibrosis-related TGF-β/Smad genes (Tgfb1, Smad3, or Smad4) was not altered by the exposure. Our data demonstrated that the internal exposure to 56MnO2 particles at less than 0.1 Gy significantly affected the short-term gene expressions in the liver in a similar manner with 2 Gy of external γ-irradiation. These changes may be adaptive responses because no changes occurred in cytokine or TGF-β/Smad gene expressions.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Radiation Exposure with 56MnO2 Powder Changes Gene Expressions in the Testes and the Prostate in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4989
Author(s):  
Nariaki Fujimoto ◽  
Gaukhar Amantayeva ◽  
Nailya Chaizhunussova ◽  
Dariya Shabdarbayeva ◽  
Zhaslan Abishev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Γ Rays

To investigate the biological effects of internal exposure of radioactive 56MnO2 powder, the major radioisotope dust in the soil after atomic bomb explosions, on male reproductive function, the gene expression of the testes and the prostate was examined. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to three doses of radioactive 56MnO2 powder (41–100 mGy in whole body doses), stable MnO2 powder, or external 60Co γ-rays (2 Gy). Animals were necropsied on Days 3 and 61 postexposure. The mRNA expressions of testicular marker protein genes and prostatic secretory protein genes were quantified by Q-RT-PCR. On Day 3 postexposure, the testicular gene expressions of steroidogenesis-related enzymes, Cyp17a1 and Hsd3b1, decreased in 56MnO2-exposed groups. Germ cell-specific Spag4 and Zpbp mRNA levels were also reduced. On postexposure Day 61, the Cyp11a1 gene expression became significantly reduced in the testes in the group exposed to the highest dose of 56MnO2, while another steroidogenesis-related StAR gene mRNA level reduced in the 60Co γ-rays group. There were no differences in Spag4 and Zpbp mRNA levels among groups on Day 61. No histopathological changes were observed in the testes in any group following exposure. Expression in the prostatic protein genes, including CRP1, KS3, and PSP94, significantly decreased in 56MnO2-exposed groups as well as in the 60Co γ-rays group on Day 61 postexposure. These data suggest that the internal exposure to 56MnO2 powder, at doses of less than 100 mGy, affected the gene expressions in the testis and the prostate, while 2 Gy of external γ-irradiation was less effective.

scholarly journals Biological impacts on the lungs in rats internally exposed to radioactive 56MnO2 particle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nariaki Fujimoto ◽  
Bakhyt Ruslanova ◽  
Zhaslan Abishev ◽  
Nailya Chaizhunussova ◽  
Dariya Shabdarbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Particle Exposure ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractTo understand the radiation effects of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki among the survivors, radiation from neutron-induced radioisotopes in soil should be considered in addition to the initial radiation directly received from the bombs. 56Mn, which emits both β particles and γ-rays, is one of the dominant radioisotopes created in soil by neutrons from the bomb. Thus we investigated the biological effects of internal exposure to 56MnO2 particle in the lung of male Wistar rats comparing to the effects of external 60Co-γ irradiation. Absorbed doses of internal irradiation of lungs were between 25 and 65 mGy in 56MnO2-exposed animals, while the whole body doses were between 41 and 100 mGy. Animals were examined on days 3 and 61 after the exposure. There were no remarkable pathological changes related to 56MnO2 particle exposure. However, mRNA and protein expressions of aquaporin 5 increased significantly in the lung tissue on day 3 postexposure in 56MnO2 groups (by 1.6 and 2.9 times, respectively, in the highest dose group). Smad7 mRNA expression was also significantly elevated by 30% in the highest dose group of 56MnO2. Our data demonstrated that internal exposure to 56MnO2 induced significant biological responses including gene expression changes in the lungs, while external 60Co-γ irradiation of 2 Gy did not show any changes.

Induction of Cleft Palate by Gamma-Irradiation of Prenatal CD-1 Mice

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yousef Saad ◽  
Ali A. Abdelazim ◽  
Mostafa M. El-Khashab ◽  
Mohamed A. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Mouse Fetuses ◽  
And Control

Fetuses of pregnant mice exposed to whole body γ-irradiation (400 rads) on the 12th gestational day were compared with control fetuses to assess the effect of radiation on palatogenesis. Experimental and control groups were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation. The fetuses were removed via laparotomy and counted to determine the litter size. Animals were decapitated and the maximum head height, width, and circumference recorded. For light microscopic examination of palatogenesis, heads were fixed in Bouin's solution and prepared for paraffin sectioning and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. A significant reduction in litter size (p < .0025) and head measurements (p < .005) of Irradiated fetuses was observed when compared to those of the control group. Histologic examination of serial coronal sections demonstrated that 100% of the experimental fetuses had palatal clefts. It was concluded that γ-rays have adverse effects on the litter size, head measurements, and palatal closure of mouse fetuses.

scholarly journals Prophylactic Administration of Nanocurcumin Abates the Incidence of Liver Toxicity Induced by an Overdose of Copper Sulfate: Role of CYP4502E1, NF-κB and Bax Expressions

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581881628
Author(s):  
Ahlam Alhusaini ◽  
Iman H. Hasan ◽  
Nouf Aldowsari ◽  
Njood Alsaadan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cytochrome P4502e1

Background: The consequences of excess copper in human tissue are the alterations in the oxidative stress markers and peroxidative damage of membrane lipids. Unselective copper binding may be the clue to damaging impact to protein construction and hence modifying their biological functions. The aim of this study is to match the hepatoprotective efficacy of curcumin (CM) or nanocurcumin (NCM) with that of desferrioxamine (DSF; standard heavy metal chelator) against toxic doses of copper sulphate (CuSO4). Method: All treatments were given simultaneously with CuSO4 for 7 days. Result: CuSO4 administration elevated serum alanine transaminase, and hepatic nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxide, and caspase-3 as well as protein expression of cytochrome P4502E1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Bax gene expressions. On the other hand, hepatic levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-10 were decreased, whereas DNA degradation was increased as well compared with the control group. The administration of the aforementioned antioxidants ameliorated all the previous altered measured parameters. Interestingly, NCM achieved the most pronounced hepatoprotective effect nearly equivalent to that of DSF. Conclusion: It was concluded that NCM is considered a promising candidate against CuSO4 toxicity, and cytochrome P450, NF-κB, and Bax are involved in its toxicity and treatment.

Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum and Krestin on Subset T-cell in Spleen of γ-irradiated Mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang-Chi Chen ◽  
Dou-Mong Hau ◽  
Chih-Chung Wang ◽  
I-Hsin Lin ◽  
Shiuh-Sheng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Better Than

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) and Krestin (PSK) extracts on spleen, thymus and splenocytes in γ-irradiated mice were investigated in this study. ICR strain male mice were divided into five groups. Group A was the normal control. Group B, the experimental control, was treated with Gl. Group C, the radiation treatment control, was treated with whole body exposure to 4 Gy γ-irradiation (RT). Group D was treated with RT and Gl. Group E was treated with RT and PSK. The dosage of Gl was 400 mg/day/kg body weight and PSK was 500 mg/day/kg body weight. Our results indicated that the relative thymus weight in groups D and E were higher than group C on day 28 after γ-irradiation. Group D was the highest in all the experimental groups. CD4 and CD8 splenocytes in group D were higher than group C on days 7 and 28. Gl was better than PSK in repairing the damage of subset T-cells in the spleen of γ-irradiated mice.

scholarly journals Morphological changes of rat jejunum after whole body γ-irradiation and their impact in biodosimetry

2008 ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
D Driák ◽  
J Österreicher ◽  
J Vávrová ◽  
Z Řeháková ◽  
Z Vilasová
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Rat Jejunum ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Causal Therapy

Gastrointestinal form is the second stage of the Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) with a threshold dose of 8 Gy. It represents an absolutely lethal clinical-pathological unit, enteritis necrohemorrhagica (duodenitis, jejunitis, ileitis, respectively) with unknown causal therapy. The purpose of our study has been to evaluate the morphological changes in a model of radiationinduced enteritis in rats and estimate the significance of changes in biodosimetry. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 21 groups, 10 animals per group. Samples of the jejunum were taken 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the whole-body γ-irradiation with the doses of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, and routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Five morphometric markers – intercryptal distance, enterocytal height on the top and base of villus, length of basal lamina of 10 enterocytes and enterocytal width – in irradiated rat jejunum were examined. The results were compared with sham-irradiated control group. After lethal doses of irradiation, all morphometric parameters of jejunum significantly changed. With the exception of intercryptal distance, they might be considered as suitable biodosimetric markers under these experimental conditions. Our morphometry results in radiation-induced jejunitis are in accordance with those in other studies. We were the first who quantified morphological postirradiation changes in animal jejunum. Some of them might be used under experimental conditions. This experimental study is a predecessor of the clinical assessment of a specific marker. Under clinical practice, the sensitive biodosimetric parameter could serve as one of the guidance for evaluation of the absorbed dose in irradiated troops as well as rescue workers. This is in accordance with tasks and Standardization Agreement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Endocrinological and histological changes induced by continuous low dose γ-irradiation of the rat testis

1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pinon-Lataillade ◽  
M. C. Viguier-Martinez ◽  
J. maas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Testicular Histology

Abstract. Young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously whole-body irradiated with γ rays at a dose-rate of 7 cGy/day for 92 days. Plasma LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations and testicular histology were quantified at different times during exposure. Irradiation selectively decreased spermatogonial numbers until 17 days of irradiation, following which a maturation depletion was observed. By the end of the exposure all germ cell types were reduced in number to about 10% of the control values. No significant changes were found in testosterone concentration nor in the weights of testosterone dependent accessory sex organs, LH plasma concentration increased slightly but not significantly at the end of irradiation. A significant increase in plasma FSH concentration occurred after the numbers of a spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes had been reduced, when number of stage VII pachytene spermatocytes decreased to 36% of control values, whereas numbers of round spermatids and Sertoli cells were respectively 86% and 100% of the control values. These results suggest a possible role of pachytene spermatocytes in the regulation of inhibin production by the testis.

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Prenatal Development of the Tongue in CD-1 Mice

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
A. Yousef Saad ◽  
Ali A. Abdelazim ◽  
Mostafa M. El-Khashab ◽  
Mohamed A. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Mouse Fetuses ◽  
And Control

Development of the tongue in murine fetuses, in which the dams were exposed to whole body γ-Irradiation (400 rads) on the 12th day postcoitum, was studied and compared with unirradiated controls. Experimental and control groups were killed on day 18 of gestation and the fetuses were removed via laparotomy. The fetal heads were excised, fixed in Bouin's solution, prepared for paraffin sectioning, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopic examination. Histologic examination of serial coronal sections demonstrated that all of the experimental fetuses possessed malformed, poorly developed tongues, when compared to those of the control group. It was concluded that γ-irradiation has an adverse effect on tongue development in mouse fetuses.

scholarly journals Biological effects of low-dose γ-ray irradiation on chromosomes and DNA of Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Tanaka ◽  
Masakazu Furuta
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Large Spot ◽  
Small Spot ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Dose Radiation

Abstract While the damage to chromosomes and genes induced by high-dose radiation (HDR) has been well researched in many organisms, the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR), defined as a radiation dose of ≤100 mSv, are still being debated. Recent research has suggested that the biological effects of LDR differ from those observed in HDR. To detect the effect of LDR on genes, we selected a gene of Drosophila melanogaster, known as the multiple wing hair (mwh) gene. The hatched heterozygous larvae with genotype mwh/+ were irradiated by γ-rays of a 60Co source. After eclosion, the wing hairs of the heterozygous flies were observed. The area of only one or two mwh cells (small spot) and that of more than three mwh cells (large spot) were counted. The ratio of the two kinds of spots were compared between groups irradiated by different doses including a non-irradiated control group. For the small spot in females, the eruption frequency increased in the groups irradiated with 20–75 mGy, indicating hypersensitivity (HRS) to LDR, while in the groups irradiated with 200 and 300 mGy, the frequency decreased, indicating induced radioresistance (IRR), while in males, 50 and 100 mGy conferred HRS and 75 and 200 mGy conferred IRR. For the large spot in females, 75 mGy conferred HRS and 100–800 mGy conferred IRR. In conclusion, HRS and IRR to LDR was found in Drosophila wing cells by delimiting the dose of γ-rays finely, except in the male large spot.

Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum and Krestin on Cellular Immunocompetence in γ-Ray-irradiated Mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang-Chi Chen ◽  
Dou-Mong Hau ◽  
Shiuh-Sheng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Con A ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Group D

The effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) and Krestin (PSK) extracts on cellular immunocompetence, leukocyte counts and differential count in γ-irradiated mice were investigated in this study. ICR strain male mice were used and randomly divided into five groups. Group A is normal control. Group B, the experimental control, was treated with Gl. Group C, the radiation treatment control, was treated with whole body exposure to 4 Gy γ-irradiation (RT). Group D was treated with RT and Gl. Group E was treated with RT and PSK. The dosage of Gl was 400 mg/day/kg body weight and PSK was 500 mg/day/kg body weight. After irradiation, six mice from each group were sacrificed on day 7 and the other six on day 28. Cellular immunocompetence was measured by means of 3 H -thymidine incorporation with splenic cells stimulated through mitogens such as PHA, Con A and LPS. The results revealed that relative splenic weight in Groups D and E were higher than group C on day 28 after γ-irradiation, Group D was the highest in all the experimental groups. Leukocyte counts were decreased significantly in Groups D and E on day 7, the former was a little higher than the latter. Gl administration showed an increase in the leukocyte count in Group D on day 28. The blastogenic response of splenocytes to PHA and Con A in groups D and E were higher than in Group C on days 7 and 28. We suggested that Gl and PSK were effective in enhancing the recovery of cellular immunocompetence from γ-ray irradiation.

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