Endocrinological and histological changes induced by continuous low dose γ-irradiation of the rat testis

1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pinon-Lataillade ◽  
M. C. Viguier-Martinez ◽  
J. maas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Testicular Histology

Abstract. Young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously whole-body irradiated with γ rays at a dose-rate of 7 cGy/day for 92 days. Plasma LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations and testicular histology were quantified at different times during exposure. Irradiation selectively decreased spermatogonial numbers until 17 days of irradiation, following which a maturation depletion was observed. By the end of the exposure all germ cell types were reduced in number to about 10% of the control values. No significant changes were found in testosterone concentration nor in the weights of testosterone dependent accessory sex organs, LH plasma concentration increased slightly but not significantly at the end of irradiation. A significant increase in plasma FSH concentration occurred after the numbers of a spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes had been reduced, when number of stage VII pachytene spermatocytes decreased to 36% of control values, whereas numbers of round spermatids and Sertoli cells were respectively 86% and 100% of the control values. These results suggest a possible role of pachytene spermatocytes in the regulation of inhibin production by the testis.

scholarly journals Mild DOCA-salt hypertension: sympathetic system and role of renal nerves

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. H1781-H1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin S. Kandlikar ◽  
Gregory D. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Control Period ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Salt Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Development

Excess sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) is linked to human essential and experimental hypertension. To test whether sympathetic activation is associated with a model of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension featuring two kidneys and a moderate elevation of blood pressure, we measured whole body norepinephrine (NE) spillover as an index of global SNA. Studies were conducted in chronically catheterized male Sprague-Dawley rats drinking water containing 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl. After a 7-day surgical recovery and a 3-day control period, a DOCA pellet (50 mg/kg) was implanted subcutaneously in one group of rats (DOCA), while the other group underwent sham implantation (Sham). NE spillover was measured on control day 2 and days 7 and 14 after DOCA administration or sham implantation. During the control period, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similar in Sham and DOCA rats. MAP was significantly increased in the DOCA group compared with the Sham group after DOCA administration ( day 14: Sham = 109 ± 5.3, DOCA = 128 ± 3.6 mmHg). However, plasma NE concentration, clearance, and spillover were not different in the two groups at any time. To determine whether selective sympathetic activation to the kidneys contributes to hypertension development, additional studies were performed in renal denervated (RDX) and sham-denervated (Sham-DX) rats. MAP, measured by radiotelemetry, was similar in both groups during the control and DOCA treatment periods. In conclusion, global SNA is not increased during the development of mild DOCA-salt hypertension, and fully intact renal nerves are not essential for hypertension development in this model.

Recombinant human regenerating gene 4 attenuates the severity of osteoarthritis by promoting the proliferation of articular chondrocyte in an animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-jia Li ◽  
Fei Zhu ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Cheng-Wei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Articular Chondrocyte ◽  
Chondrocyte Proliferation ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Gene 4

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a dominant cause of morbidity and disability. As a chronic disease, its etiological risk factors and most therapies at present, are empirical and symptomatic. Regenerating gene 4 (Reg4) is involved in cell growth, survival, regeneration, adhesion, and resistance to apoptosis, which are partially thought to be the pathogenic mechanisms of OA. However, the proper role of Reg4 in OA is still unknown. Methods: In this study, a consecutive administration of rhReg4 was applied to normal Sprague-Dawley rats or rats after OA induction. Histological changes and chondrocyte proliferation in the articular cartilage were measured. Results: We found that RhReg4 promotes chondrocyte proliferation in normal rats, and RhReg4 attenuated the severity of OA in rats by promoting chondrocytes’ proliferation in OA rats. Conclusion: In conclusion, recombinant human regenerating gene 4 (rhReg4) attenuates the severity of osteoarthritis in OA animal models and may be used as a new method for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Chronic intravenous administration of V1 arginine vasopressin agonist results in sustained hypertension

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (2) ◽  
pp. H751-H756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Cowley ◽  
E. Szczepanska-Sadowska ◽  
K. Stepniakowski ◽  
D. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Sustained Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Despite the well-recognized vasoconstrictor and fluid-retaining actions of vasopressin, prolonged administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to normal animals or humans fails to produce sustained hypertension. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of the V1 receptor in determining the ability of AVP to produce sustained hypertension. Conscious Sprague-Dawley rats with implanted catheters were infused with the selective V1 agonist, [Phe2,Ile3,Orn8]vasopressin (2 ng.kg-1.min-1), for 14 days in amounts that were acutely nonpressor. Blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body weight, and water intake (WI) were determined daily. Plasma AVP, plasma catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, plasma osmolality, and electrolyte concentration were determined before and on days 1 and 7 of infusion. MAP increased significantly by 10.4 +/- 4.5 mmHg on day 1 and rose to 22 +/- 5 mmHg above control by day 14 (transient decrease on days 6-9) and then fell to control levels after the infusion was stopped. HR did not change significantly. Plasma AVP immunoreactivity increased from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 10.9 +/- 2.1 pg/ml, whereas norepinephrine tended to fall only on day 1, with epinephrine only slightly elevated on day 7. No evidence of fluid retention was found, and rats lost sodium only on the first day of V1 agonist infusion. Body weight increased throughout the study but was unrelated to the changes of MAP. We conclude that chronic stimulation of V1 receptors results in sustained hypertension in rats.

scholarly journals Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Rats Internally Exposed to Radioactive 56MnO2 Particles at Low Doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 758-766
Author(s):  
Bakhyt Ruslanova ◽  
Zhaslan Abishev ◽  
Nailya Chaizhunussova ◽  
Dariya Shabdarbayeva ◽  
Sholpan Tokesheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Γ Rays

We have studied the biological effects of the internal exposure to radioactive manganese-56 dioxide (56MnO2), the major radioisotope dust found in soil after atomic bomb explosions. Our previous study of blood chemistry indicated a possible adverse effect of 56MnO2 on the liver. In the present study, we further examined the effects on the liver by determining changes in hepatic gene expressions. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 56MnO2 particles (three groups with the whole-body doses of 41, 90, and 100 mGy), stable MnO2 particles, or external 60Co γ-rays (2 Gy), and were examined together with the non-treated control group on postexposure day 3 and day 61. No histopathological changes were observed in the liver. The mRNA expression of a p53-related gene, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, increased in 56MnO2 as well as in γ-ray irradiated groups on postexposure day 3 and day 61. The expression of a stress-responsive gene, nuclear factor κB, was also increased by 56MnO2 and γ-rays on postexposure day 3. However, the expression of cytokine genes (interleukin-6 or chemokine ligand 2) or fibrosis-related TGF-β/Smad genes (Tgfb1, Smad3, or Smad4) was not altered by the exposure. Our data demonstrated that the internal exposure to 56MnO2 particles at less than 0.1 Gy significantly affected the short-term gene expressions in the liver in a similar manner with 2 Gy of external γ-irradiation. These changes may be adaptive responses because no changes occurred in cytokine or TGF-β/Smad gene expressions.

The Hepatoprotective Role of Warburgia salutaris and Iso-Mukaadial Acetate on Carbon tetrachloride Intoxicated Rats Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Ayeni ◽  
Mthokozisi Blessing Cedric Simelane ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Ofentse Jacob Pooe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Isolated Compound

Background: Medicinal plants together with their isolated bioactive compounds are known for their antioxidant properties which constitute therapeutic agents that are routinely employed in the treatment of liver diseases. Aims of the Study: The current study sought to explore the protective role of Warburgia salutaris and its isolated compound, iso-mukaadial acetate against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Methods: Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups of five animals each and injected with CCl4 to induce hepatic injury. Results: Treatment with the crude extract of W. salutaris and of iso-mukaadial acetate significantly reduced the levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransaminases, total bilirubin and malondialdehyde in a dose dependent manner, when compared to untreated groups. Liver histology revealed a reduction in hepatic necrosis and inflammation. Conclusion: The current investigation has demonstrated that W. salutaris extract and iso-mukaadial acetate could mitigate the acute liver injury inflicted by a hepatotoxic inducer in rats.

scholarly journals Transient Neonatal Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Triggers Long-Term Jejunal Hypersensitivity to Distension in Immunocompetent Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 4387-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Marion ◽  
Asiya Baishanbo ◽  
Gilles Gargala ◽  
Arnaud François ◽  
Philippe Ducrotté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Depressor Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

ABSTRACT In 5-day-old immunocompetent Sprague-Dawley rats infected with either 102 or 105 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, transient infection resulted 120 days later in increased cardiovascular depressor response to jejunal distension and jejunal myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0.05). Nitazoxanide treatment normalized jejunal sensitivity (P < 0.001) but not myeloperoxidase levels (P > 0.05). Data warrant further evaluation of the role of early cryptosporidiosis in the development of chronic inflammatory gut conditions.

Carvacrol attenuates amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atta Mohammad Dost ◽  
Mehmet Gunata ◽  
Onural Ozhan ◽  
Azibe Yildiz ◽  
Nigar Vardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Oral

Abstract Amikacin (AK) is frequently used in the treatment of gram-negative and some gram-positive infections. However, its use is limited due to nephrotoxicity due to the increase in reactive oxygen radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carvacrol (CAR) against AK-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (Vehicle), AK (400 mg/kg), CAR + AK (80 mg/kg CAR + 400 mg/kg AK), and AK + CAR (400 mg/kg AK + 80 mg/kg CAR) groups. AK and CAR were administered via intramuscular and per-oral for 7 days, respectively. Blood and kidney tissue samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Renal function and histopathological changes were compared, and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. Histopathological findings (necrotic changes and dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration) significantly increased in the AK group compared to the control group. Also, the rats in the AK group lost weight significantly. It was found that CAR treatment before and after AK significantly improved nephrotoxicity histopathologically (p < 0.05). However, this improvement was not detected biochemically. These results show that CAR treatment before and after AK improves nephrotoxicity in the histopathological level.

scholarly journals Contrasting pharmacological ETB receptor blockade with genetic ETB deficiency in renal responses to big ET-1

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID M. POLLOCK
Keyword(s):  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Clearance Studies ◽  
Etb Receptor ◽  
Pharmacological Blockade ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Renal Responses

Renal clearance studies were conducted to determine the role of ETB receptors in the renal response to big endothelin-1 (big ET-1). Two series of experiments were conducted on Inactin-anesthetized rats to contrast acute pharmacological blockade of ETB receptors vs. genetic ETB receptor deficiency. In the first series, Sprague-Dawley rats were given either ETB-selective antagonist, A-192621, or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) prior to infusion of big ET-1 (10 pmol·kg−1·min−1) for 60 min. A-192621 significantly increased baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP; 102 ± 4 vs. 141 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05) and urine flow rate (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 1.3 ± 0.2 μl/min, P < 0.05) without any effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). Big ET-1 significantly increased MAP in both groups but to a higher level in rats given antagonist (120 ± 6 vs. 169 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05). Big ET-1 increased urine flow in control rats but decreased in rats given antagonist. GFR and ERPF were decreased in rats given big ET-1, an effect that was exaggerated by ETB blockade. Another series of experiments examined the response to big ET-1 in rats lacking functional renal ETB receptors, known as spotting lethal ( sl) rats. Surprisingly, rats heterozygous ( sl/+) for ETB receptor deficiency had a significantly higher baseline MAP compared with homozygous ( sl/ sl) rats (134 ± 6 vs. 112 ± 7 mmHg, P < 0.05), although other variables were similar. Big ET-1 produced no significant change in MAP in either group. Urine flow, GFR, and ERPF were significantly decreased in both groups, although these changes were much larger in sl/ sl rats. These experiments indicate that the ETB receptor plays an important role in limiting the renal hemodynamic response to big ET-1. Furthermore, the diuretic actions of big ET-1 require a functional ETB receptor.

scholarly journals Simvastatin Attenuates Contrast-Induced Nephropathy through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Proinflammatory Myeloperoxidase, and Nitric Oxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketab E. Al-Otaibi ◽  
Abdulrahman M. Al Elaiwi ◽  
Mohammad Tariq ◽  
Abdulrahman K. Al-Asmari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glycerol Injection ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Contrast media- (CM-) induced nephropathy is a serious complication of radiodiagnostic procedures. Available data suggests that the development of prophylaxis strategies is limited by poor understanding of pathophysiology of CM-induced nephropathy. Present study was designed to determine the role of oxidative stress, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of iohexol model of nephropathy and its modification with simvastatin (SSTN). Adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups. After 24 h of water deprivation, all the rats except in control and SSTN-only groups were injected (10 ml/kg) with 25% glycerol. After 30 min, SSTN (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) was administered orally, daily for 4 days. Twenty-four hours after the glycerol injection, iohexol was infused (8 ml/kg) through femoral vein over a period of 2 min. All the animals were sacrificed on day 5 and blood and kidneys were collected for biochemical and histological studies. The results showed that SSTN dose dependently attenuated CM-induced rise of creatinine, urea, and structural abnormalities suggesting its nephroprotective effect. A significant increase in oxidative stress (increased lipid hydroperoxides and reduced glutathione levels) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and decreased nitric oxide in CM group were reversed by SSTN. These findings support the use of SSTN to combat CM-induced nephrotoxicity.

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