scholarly journals Different Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Exercise Indexes and Mood States Based on Sport Types, Exercise Dependency and Individual Characteristics

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Alireza Aghababa ◽  
Georgian Badicu ◽  
Zahra Fathirezaie ◽  
Hadi Rohani ◽  
Maghsoud Nabilpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Individual Contact ◽  
Individual Sports

Exercise indexes have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its related restrictions among athletes. In the present study, we investigated the exercise frequency and intensity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and also current exercise dependency and mood state among non-contact individual, contact individual, and team sports athletes. A total of 1353 athletes from non-contact individual sports athletes (NCISA), contact individual sports athletes (CISA) and team sport athletes (TSA) participated; 45.4% of them were females that completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, former and current exercise patterns, exercise dependency and mood states. NCISA had less exercise frequency than CISA, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and NCISA had less exercise frequency than TSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding exercise intensity, CISA had higher scores than NCISA and TSA before the COVID-19 pandemic, and CISA had more exercise intensity than TSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequency and intensity were reduced from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic in the three groups, except for TSA intensity. In addition, positive and negative mood states were correlated with exercise dependency. CISA were more discouraged and vigorous than NCISA and TSA, respectively. For NCISA, CISA, and TSA, ordinal regressions separately showed that adherence to quarantine and exercise dependency were better predictors of exercise indexes. Finally, exercise dependency subscales were different among sports, but it was not in exercise dependency itself. Although the decrease in exercise indexes was noticeable, there was no consistent pattern of change in exercise behavior in all sports. Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, negative moods were predominant among all athletes. The results discussed are based on exercise nonparticipating, sport type, and affect regulation hypothesis.

scholarly journals Positive and negative mood states do not influence cross-modal auditory distraction in the serial-recall paradigm

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260699
Author(s):  
Saskia Kaiser ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Raoul Bell
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
State Effect ◽  
Serial Recall Task ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Automatic Capture

The aim of this study was to examine whether positive and negative mood states affect auditory distraction in a serial-recall task. The duplex-mechanism account differentiates two types of auditory distraction. The changing-state effect is postulated to be rooted in interference-by-process and to be automatic. The auditory-deviant effect is attributed to attentional capture by the deviant distractors. Only the auditory-deviant effect, but not the changing-state effect, should be influenced by emotional mood states according to the duplex-mechanism account. Four experiments were conducted to test how auditory distraction is affected by emotional mood states. Mood was induced by autobiographical recall (Experiments 1 and 2) or the presentation of emotional pictures (Experiments 3 and 4). Even though the manipulations were successful in inducing changes in mood, neither positive mood (Experiments 1 and 3) nor negative mood (Experiments 2 and 4) had any effect on distraction despite large samples sizes (N = 851 in total). The results thus are not in line with the hypothesis that auditory distraction is affected by changes in mood state. The results support an automatic-capture account according to which the auditory-deviant effect and the changing-state effect are mainly stimulus-driven effects that are rooted in the automatic processing of the to-be-ignored auditory stream.

scholarly journals Induced Positive Mood and Cognitive Flexibility: Evidence from Task Switching and Reversal Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy T. Nusbaum ◽  
Cristina G. Wilson ◽  
Anthony Stenson ◽  
John M. Hinson ◽  
Paul Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Mood Group

Positive mood often facilitates cognitive functions. Facilitation is hypothesized to be due to an increase in dopamine occurring in positive mood states. However, facilitation has not been consistently found in studies of cognitive flexibility. This inconsistent relationship may reflect the numerous ways cognitive flexibility is measured. Moreover, there is evidence that the role of dopamine in cognitive flexibility performance depends on the type of measure used. In the current study, we employed a probabilistic two-card reversal learning task (n = 129) and a Stroop-like task switching procedure (n = 188) in a college student population. We used a standardized set of mood videos to induce a positive, negative, or neutral mood state. Negative mood states were included to account for possible effects of arousal on performance, which is seen in both positive and negative mood inductions. Based on current theories of positive mood and cognition, we hypothesized that there would be differences in the effects of a positive mood induction on cognitive flexibility as assessed by task switching and reversal learning tasks. The mood induction successfully induced high levels of amusement and increased valence in the positive mood group and high levels of repulsion and decreased valence in the negative mood group. However, there were no differences in cognitive flexibility across any of the mood groups, as assessed by switch costs in task switching and correct choices after the reversal in reversal learning. Overall, these findings do not support the hypothesis that positive mood improves cognitive flexibility.

Decision Making under Uncertainty and Information Processing in Positive and Negative Mood States

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachi Nandan Mohanty ◽  
Damodar Suar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Heuristic Information Processing ◽  
Institute Of Technology

This study examines whether mood states (a) influence decision making under uncertainty and (b) affect information processing. 200 students at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur participated in this study. Positive mood was induced by showing comedy movie clips to 100 participants and negative mood was induced by showing tragedy movie clips to another 100 participants. The participants were administered a questionnaire containing hypothetical situations of financial gains and losses, and a health risk problem. The participants selected a choice for each situation, and stated the reasons for their choice. Results suggested that the participants preferred cautious choices in the domain of gain and in health risk problems and risky choices in the domain of loss. Analysis of the reasons for the participants' choices suggested more fluency, originality, and flexibility of information in a negative mood compared to a positive mood. A negative (positive) mood state facilitated systematic (heuristic) information processing.

scholarly journals Language and transient emotional states affect implicit cultural bias

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242-1249
Author(s):  
Ceri Ellis ◽  
Lowri Hadden ◽  
Manon Wyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Induced Mood

Bilinguals react to cultural information in a language-dependent fashion, but it is unknown whether this is influenced by the individual’s emotional state. Here, we show that induced mood states increase cultural bias—measured using the Implicit Association Test (IAT)—but this effect occurs asymmetrically across languages. In the native language, bilinguals show a strong cultural bias, which is not influenced by mood. But in the non-native language, a relatively low cultural bias significantly increases as a function of a positive or negative mood. Our findings suggest that the native language promotes an inherent cultural bias, which is impervious to fluctuations in the bilingual’s mood state. In the second language, however, bilinguals are culturally impartial, unless they are in a heightened mood state.

The effect of mood induction and language of testing on bilingual creativity

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANATOLIY V. KHARKHURIN ◽  
JEANETTE ALTARRIBA
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Film Clips ◽  
Naming Test

This study explores the hypothesis that language of testing and mood states can influence creativity in bilinguals. Arabic–English bilingual speakers were induced into positive or negative mood states using film clips and recall-of-events procedures. Then, participants’ creativity was assessed with the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults. Participants were tested in either English or Arabic. A Picture Naming Test revealed English as participants’ stronger language and Arabic as their weaker language. Testing in English was found to enhance verbal fluency and originality, as compared to testing in Arabic. Most importantly, an interactive effect of induction (positive, negative) and language of testing (English, Arabic) on creativity emerged. The results revealed two conditions beneficial for participants’ nonverbal originality: a positive mood state when tested in English and a negative mood state when tested in Arabic. These results are discussed in light of the interactive effect of mood induction and linguistic context (stronger vs. weaker) on an individual's creativity.

scholarly journals Negative Mood States Correlate with Laterobasal Amygdala in Collegiate Football Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Byul Cho ◽  
Charles Elliott Bueler ◽  
Jennifer DiMuzio ◽  
Charlie Hicks-Little ◽  
Erin McGlade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Postconcussion Symptoms ◽  
Collegiate Football ◽  
The Relationship

A number of studies have suggested that sports-related concussion (SRC) may place individuals at increased risk for depression and negative outcomes including suicide. However, the mechanisms underlying a potential relationship between brain integrity and mood remain unclear. The current study is aimed at examining the association between amygdala shape, mood state, and postconcussion symptoms in collegiate football players. Thirty members of 1 football team completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the postconcussion symptom scale (PCSS), and an MRI protocol during preseason camp. T1-weighted images were acquired and three-dimensional amygdala and probabilistic maps were created for shape analysis. Correlation analyses between POMS and PCSS and the relationship between POMS and amygdala shape were completed. In the amygdala, the left laterobasal subregion showed a positive relationship with the POMS total score and subscales scores. No significant relationship between PCSS and amygdala shape was found. Significant positive correlations were found between POMS subscales and PCSS. These results indicate that amygdala structure may be more closely associated with negative mood states than postconcussion symptoms. These findings suggest that premorbid individual differences in effect may provide critical insight into the relationship between negative mood and outcomes in collegiate football players with SRC.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut-Brain Axis Improves Microbiome, Metabolism, and Mood

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M Talbott ◽  
Julie A Talbott ◽  
Bret J Stephens ◽  
Marc P Oddou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Butyrate Kinase ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Psychological Mood

Objective: There is a close bidirectional relationship between overweight/obesity and depression, which may be largely modified through the microbiome and the gut-brain axis. Previous research has shown targeted weight loss effects and anti-depressive benefits of diets high in fiber and phytonutrients and low in sugar and processed foods. Thus, our objective was to determine changes in parameters common to both obesity and depression (e.g., microbiome balance, metabolic biomarkers, and psychological mood state) following a coordinated supplementation regimen combining probiotics, prebiotics, and phytonutrients (“phytobiotics”).Methods: Thirty-three (33) healthy subjects participated in a 6-week supplementation trial (Amare “Project b3”) containing a targeted blend of probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics. Microbiome balance was assessed in fecal samples using a novel PCR-based analysis (BiomeTracker) that has previously compared favorably to 16S sequencing. Biomarkers, including blood lipids, glucose, cortisol, and butyrate kinase, were assessed as indicators of effects on cardiovascular, inflammatory, and energy metabolism. Psychological mood state was assessed using the validated Profile of Mood States survey (POMS) to generate scores for Global Mood State and six sub-scales (Depression, Tension, Fatigue, Anger, Confusion, and Vigor).Results: Following supplementation, there was a significant increase in populations of “good” bacteria (+8% Bifidobacterium, +33% Lactobacillus, +62% S. Thermophilus, +90% Akkermansia) as well as bacterial ratios associated with a healthier “obesity-resistant” metabolism (+6% composite score, -11% Firmicutes, +6% Bacteroidetes, -14% F/B ratio). Metabolites associated with stress and glycemic control improved post-supplementation (-11% cortisol; +89% butyrate kinase, -6% glucose), as did body fat (-2%) and blood lipids (-8% total cholesterol, -5% LDL, +3% HDL, -23% triglycerides, -7% TC/HDL). Psychological indices were significantly improved post-supplementation for both positive (+17% Global Mood; +23% Vigor) and negative mood states (-38% Depression; -41% Tension; -42% Fatigue; -31% Confusion; -39% Anger).Conclusions: These results demonstrate the close relationship between microbiome balance, systemic metabolism, and psychological parameters – and the utility of targeted supplementation to optimize gut-brain-axis balance for both improved metabolism and enhanced mental wellness.Keywords: Obesity; Depression; Anxiety; Stress; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Diet; Supplement

scholarly journals Association between the Psychological Effects of Viewing Forest Landscapes and Trait Anxiety Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorong Song ◽  
Harumi Ikei ◽  
Bum-Jin Park ◽  
Juyoung Lee ◽  
Takahide Kagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Negative Mood State ◽  
Anxiety Levels

The aim of this study was to validate the psychological advantages of viewing forest landscapes. Moreover, the associations between trait anxiety levels and psychological responses were evaluated. A total of 650 university male students (age, 21.7 ± 1.6 years) viewed a scenery in a forested area and an urban area for 15 min. Furthermore, the Profile of Mood States questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were employed for the assessment of the psychological responses and the level of trait anxiety, respectively, of the participants. Results showed that compared with viewing a city area, viewing forest areas increased positive mood state, such as vigor, and decreased negative mood states. Furthermore, trait anxiety level and changes in the psychological responses such as depression–dejection, fatigue, and confusion after viewing forest landscapes were significantly correlated. The participants with high anxiety levels had greater reduction in negative mood state, including confusion, than those with low anxiety levels. In conclusion, viewing forest landscapes induced psychological relaxation, which was more evident in individuals with high anxiety levels.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability as a Marker of Changes in Mood State in Daily Life by Photoplethysmography Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Deo ◽  
Kopila Agrawal ◽  
Prem Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Negative Mood State

Introduction: The different mood states in our daily life can affect our mental and emotional health. The aim of our study was to explore photoplethysmography to record heart rate variability as a marker of changes in mood states in our daily life.Materials and Methods: Two groups of affective pictures categorized into positive and negative sets were shown to thirty subjects on two different consecutive days with simultaneously recording of heart rate variability for 5 minutes by photoplethysmography technique. Immediately after recording on each day, 0-9 self-assessment scale was used to assess the mood state of the subject after viewing the set of pictures.Results: Sympathetic domains of heart rate variability like low frequency (200.3 ±4.1 vs. 166.7 ±2.8, p<0.05), low- and high frequency ratio (1.45 ± 0.21 vs. 0.55 ± 0.07, p<0.05) and low frequency (55.8 ± 2.9 vs. 38.6 ± 2.8, p<0.05) significantly increased in negative mood state condition as compared to positive mood state condition. High frequency (157.9 ± 3.9 vs. 264.3 ± 5.3, p<0.05) and high frequency (44 ± 2.9 vs. 61.2 ±4.2, p< 0.05) significantly increased in positive mood state condition as compared to negative mood state condition. There was significant increase in heart rate (78 ± 2.99 vs. 73 ± 3.11, p<0.05) in negative mood state as compared to positive mood state.Conclusions: Increase in sympathetic activity during negative mood state and increase in parasympathetic activity during positive mood state measured by photoplethysmography technique validates this easy and noninvasive mental assessment tool to determine different mood states.

scholarly journals Mood Responses and Regulation Strategies Used During COVID-19 Among Boxers and Coaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reece J. Roberts ◽  
Andrew M. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Mood States ◽  
General Level ◽  
Mood Regulation ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Mood Scale ◽  
Training Programmes

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented changes to daily life and in the first wave in the UK, it led to a societal shutdown including playing sport and concern was placed for the mental health of athletes. Identifying mood states experienced in lockdown and self-regulating strategies is useful for the development of interventions to help mood management. Whilst this can be done on a general level, examination of sport-specific effects and the experience of athletes and coaches can help develop interventions grounded in real world experiences. The present study investigated perceived differences in mood states of boxers before and during COVID-19 isolation in the first lockdown among boxers. Boxing is an individual and high-contact sport where training tends to form a key aspect of their identity. Boxers develop close relationships with their coach and boxing. Hence boxers were vulnerable to experiencing negative mood, and support via the coach was potentially unavailable. Participants were 58 experienced participants (44 boxers, male n = 33, female n = 11; 14 boxing coaches, male n = 11, female n = 3). Boxers completed the Brunel Mood Scale to assess mood before COVID-19 using a retrospective approach and during COVID-19 using a “right now” time frame. Boxers responded to open-ended questions to capture mood regulation strategies used. Coaches responded to open ended questions to capture how they helped regulate boxer’s mood. MANOVA results indicated a large significant increase in the intensity of unpleasant moods (anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension) and reduction in vigor during COVID-19 (d = 0.93). Using Lane and Terry (2000) conceptual framework, results showed participants reporting depressed mood also reported an extremely negative mood profile as hypothesized. Qualitative data indicated that effective mood-regulation strategies used included maintaining close coach-athlete contact and helping create a sense of making progress in training. When seen collectively, findings illustrate that mood state responses to COVID-19 were severe. It is suggested that that active self-regulation and self-care should be a feature of training programmes to aid coaches and boxers in regulating mood when faced with severe situational changes.

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