scholarly journals Nicotine Dependence among Adolescents Single and Dual Cigarette Users

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Nawwal Alwani Mohd Radzi ◽  
Roslan Saub ◽  
Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof ◽  
Maznah Dahlui ◽  
Sharol Lail Sujak
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Secondary School Education ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Salivary Cotinine ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

The prevalence of concurrent use of combustible and electronic cigarettes (dual-use) is on the rise among Malaysian adolescents. This study compares nicotine dependence among exclusive cigarette users, e-cigarette users, and dual adolescent users. A total of 227 adolescent smokers completed a self-administrated questionnaire with items based on Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) incorporated. Endorsement of at least one HONC item indicates nicotine dependence. Exhaled carbon monoxide readings and salivary cotinine data were also collected. Over half (52.9%) of the participants were exclusive e-cigarette users (EC). The prevalence of exclusive conventional cigarette smokers (CC) and dual users was 11.9% and 35.2%, respectively. Adolescents who have mothers with secondary school education were more likely to become addicted to nicotine (Adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR) = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.17–6.32). Adolescents’ “mother’s education” level predicted nicotine dependence. This highlighted the need to target families within the identified demography with a more supportive anti-tobacco program.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Exposure Among “Dual Users” of Tobacco Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D Czoli ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Maciej L Goniewicz ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Public Health Authorities

Abstract Introduction “Dual use” refers to the concurrent use of tobacco cigarettes (smoking) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes; vaping). Although dual use is common among e-cigarette users, there is little evidence regarding biomarkers of exposure among dual users and how these change under different conditions of product use. Methods A nonblinded within-subjects crossover experiment was conducted with adult daily dual users (n = 48) in Ontario, Canada. Participants completed three consecutive 7-day periods in which the use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes was experimentally manipulated, resulting in four study conditions: Dual use, Tobacco cigarette use, E-cigarette use, and No product use. Repeated measures models were used to examine changes in product use and biomarkers of exposure. Results Compared to dual use, cotinine remained stable when participants exclusively smoked (p = .524), but significantly decreased when they exclusively vaped (p = .027), despite significant increases in e-cigarette consumption (p = .001). Levels of biomarkers of exposure to toxicants, including carbon monoxide (CO), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), were significantly lower when participants exclusively vaped than when they engaged in dual use (CO = −41%, p < .001; 1-HOP = −31%, p = .025; NNAL = −30%, p = .017). Similar findings were observed among participants abstaining from both products as compared to dual use (CO: −26%, p < .001; 1-HOP = −14% [ns]; NNAL = −35%, p = .016). In contrast, levels of biomarkers of exposure increased when participants exclusively smoked as compared to dual use (CO = +21%, p = .029; 1-HOP = +23%, p = .048; NNAL = +8% [ns]). Conclusions Although dual use may reduce exposure to tobacco smoke constituents to some extent, abstaining from smoking is the most effective way to reduce such exposure. Implications Public health authorities should clearly communicate the relative risk of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes to the general public, focusing on two salient points: (1) e-cigarettes are not harmless, but they are less harmful than tobacco cigarettes; and (2) using e-cigarettes while smoking may not necessarily reduce health risks; therefore, consumers should stop smoking completely to maximize potential health benefits.

ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ СОГЛАСОВАНИЯ ГУМАНИТАРНОГО СТИЛЯ МЫШЛЕНИЯ И ЕСТСТВЕННОНАУЧНОГО ЗНАНИЯ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ВУЗА// Academy Journal No.5(17), 2019/ Chief Editor Susan Belih /OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Tallinn, Estonia. 09.05.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - pp. 45-53.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Раиса Николаевна Афонина ◽  
Людмила Константиновна Синцова
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Interactive Teaching ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Secondary School Education ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Practice

В статье рассматривается проблема согласования гуманитарного стиля мышления и естественнонаучного знания. Практика показывает, что у студентов, выбравших для обучения гуманитарные специальности, преобладает гуманитарное мышление. Оно сформировано условиями профильного обучения в средней школе и продолжает развиваться на этапе получения высшего образования. Гуманитарный тип мышления характеризуется диалогичностью, вариативностью, креативностью, самостоятельностью в освоении новых знаний, способностью к интеллектуальным изобретениям и экспериментам с неизвестными и неочевидными результатами, к рефлексивности и критичности результатов деятельности. Важнейшими условиями повышения эффективности в освоении содержания естественнонаучных дисциплин студентами-гуманитариями являются учет возможностей и познавательных интересов студентов, использование резервов учебной информации, интерактивных методов обучения.The article deals with the problem of harmonizing the humanitarian style of thinking and natural science knowledge. Practice shows that students who choose humanities to study in humanities have humanitarian thinking that prevails. It is shaped by the profile of secondary school education and continues to evolve at the stage of higher education. The humanitarian type of thinking is characterized by dialogue, variability, creativity, autonomy in the development of new knowledge, the ability to intellectual inventions and experiments with unknown and non-obvious results, to reflexivity and criticality of the results of activities. The most important conditions for increasing the effectiveness in mastering the content of natural science disciplines by students of the humanities are taking into account the capabilities and cognitive interests of students, the use of reserves of educational information, interactive teaching methods.

scholarly journals School Teacher’s Perceptions about Equity Challenges and Features in Secondary School Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Tahira Roohi ◽  
Pervez Aslam Shami
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
School Education ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Elementary And Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary School Education

This study was conducted to investigate the vision and surveillance of secondary school teachers regarding features and challenges that hinder equity in secondary school education. The study aims to explore effects of two dimensions of equity i.e. fair and inclusive at secondary school education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The descriptive survey method was utilized in this study. The researcher – made instruments consisted of open-ended questions were administered to the 100 secondary school teachers of four districts i.e. Hangu, Karak, Peshawar and Haripur of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study illustrate that the teachers preview the stipulation of fair and inclusive education system and design, resources, and curriculum are very crucial aspects that hinder the equity in secondary school education. To some extent, the features regarding secondary school teacher’s lesson planning, and students’ reward and punishment are encumbering the equity in education. Most of the teachers consider that Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Elementary and Secondary Education Department (KPESE) have a chief role in the provision of an equitable secondary school education. On the basis of finding the conclusion was drawn and possible recommendations were suggested.

scholarly journals HISTORY AND MAIN COMPONENTS OF CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING APPROACH (CLIL)

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Secondary School Education ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
Cognition And Culture ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Main Components

The article is devoted to analysis of the development of CLIL approach which is gaining considerable attention of world educators because of its dual aim: teaching a foreign language through content and teaching content through a foreign language. The material of the study was a theoretical framework offered by the founders of this approach. Objective: to identify the role of the main components of this approach called “4C”s– content, communication, cognition and culture which should be dwelled into every CLIL class-room. Along with it, it presents the principles and ways of integrating CLIL into the school’s educational program. The author focuses on CLIL as an interactive teaching approach, its principles and practice-oriented value. The learning environment created with CLIL in the secondary school education focuses not only on learning a foreign language but also on developing communicative competence in a foreign language. In CLIL classes, schoolchildren participate actively in socio-oriented tasks using a foreign language. To be more specific, they may participate in joint projects with their peers from other countries or hold videoconferences. Variability and choice of teaching approach lies within the needs of the secondary school. If a school curriculum is designed inconsistency with CLIL, it is noteworthy to mention that teaching a foreign language as a separate subject gradually ceases being in the timetable,and CLIL becomes a part of school’s educational program. Organizing special educational programs contributes to the formation of learners.

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