scholarly journals Optimizing the Control System of Clinker Cooling: Process Modeling and Controller Tuning

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Dimitris Tsamatsoulis
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Loop Transfer Function ◽  
A Performance

This paper aims to present efficient efforts to optimize the proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller of clinker cooling in grate coolers, which have a fixed grate and at least two moving ones. The process model contains three transfer functions between the speed of the moving grate and the pressures of the static and moving grates. The developed software achieves the identification of the model parameters using industrial data and by implementing non-linear regression methods. The design of the PID controller follows a loop-shaping technique, imposing as a constraint the maximum sensitivity, Ms, of the open-loop transfer function and providing a set of PIDs that satisfy a range of Ms. A simulator determines the optimal PID sets among those calculated at the design step using the integral of absolute error (IAE) as a performance criterion. The combination of a robustness constraint with a performance criterion, Ms and IAE respectively, leads to an area of controllers with Ms belonging to the range of 1.2 to 1.35. The IAE is between 4.2% and 4.8%, depending on the set-point value. PID sets located near the middle of this area can be chosen and implemented in the cooler’s routine operation.

scholarly journals Analytical Multiloop Control for Multivariable Systems with Time Delays

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Wang ◽  
Peng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Multivariable Systems ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Loop Transfer Function ◽  
Multiloop Control ◽  
Multiloop Control System

In this paper, a new design method with performance improvements of multiloop controllers for multivariable systems is proposed. Precise expression is developed to show the relationship between the dynamic- and steady-state characteristics of the multiloop control system and its parameters. First, an equivalent transfer function (ETF) is introduced to decompose the multivariable system, based on which the multiloop controller parameters are calculated. According to the ETF matrix property, an analytical expression for the PI controller for multivariable systems is derived in terms of substituting the ETF matrix for the inverse open-loop transfer function. In the proposed controller design method, no approximation of the inverse of the process model is needed, implying that this method can be applied to some multivariable systems with high dimensions. The simulation results obtained from several examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A novel design of optimal intelligent fuzzy TID controller employing GA for nonlinear level control problem subject to actuator and system component fault

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshukumar R. Patel ◽  
Sejal K. Raval ◽  
Vipul A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
System Component ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transient And Steady State ◽  
Steady State Performance ◽  
A Performance

PurposeThe purpose of this article is about the design of controllers for conical two-tank noninteracting level (CTTNL) system in simulation. Local linearization around the equilibrium point has been done for the nonlinear CTTNL system to obtain a linearized model transfer function.Design/methodology/approachThis article deals with the design of novel optimal fractional-order tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller using type-1 fuzzy set for the CTTNL prototype system. In this study, type-1 fuzzy TID controller parameters have been optimized through genetic algorithm (GA) and those set of values have been employed for the design of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller.FindingsA performance comparison between FTID and PID controller is then investigated. The analysis shows the superiority of FTID controller over PID controller in terms of integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) and integral of time multiplied squared error (ITSE) integral errors. The transient and steady state performance of the FTID controller are superior as compared to conventional PID controller. In future, the FTID controller fault-tolerance capability tested on CTTNL system subject to actuator and system component (leak) faults. The detailed study of robustness in presence of model uncertainties will be incorporated as a scope of further research.Originality/valueA performance comparison between FTID and PID controller is then investigated. The analysis shows the superiority of FTID controller over PID controller in terms of IAE, ISE, ITAE and ITSE integral errors. Additionally, fault-tolerant performance of the proposed controller evaluated with fault-recovery time (Frt) parameter. The transient and steady state performance of the FTID controller are superior as compared to conventional PID controller.

scholarly journals Design of an Intelligent NPID Controller Based on Genetic Algorithm for Disturbance Rejection in Single Integrating Process with Time Delay

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
GunBaek So
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm ◽  
On Line ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Integrating Process

The integrating process with time delay (IPTD) is a fundamentally unstable open-loop system due to poles at the origin of the transfer function, and designing controllers with satisfactory control performance is very difficult because of the associated time delay, which is a nonlinear element. Therefore, this study focuses on the design of an intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to improve the regulatory response performance to disturbance in an IPTD, and addresses problems related to optimally tuning each parameter of the controller with a real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA). Each gain of the nonlinear PID (NPID) controller consists of a product of the gains of the linear PID controller and a simple nonlinear function. Each of these nonlinear functions changes the gains in the controller to on line by nonlinearly scaling the error signal. A lead-lag compensator or first-order filter is also added to the controller to mitigate noise, which is a disadvantage of ideal derivative action. The parameters in the controller are optimally tuned by minimizing the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) using a RCGA. The proposed method is compared with three other methods through simulation to verify its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Design of a Decentralized PID Controller for Poultry House System using Genetic Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1898-1905
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Initial Stability ◽  
Loop Transfer Function ◽  
Model Reduction Technique

Climate control for livestock building is of considerable significance but it is additionally a difficult and convoluted task. The chickens are mainly affected by the variation of temperature and relative humidity. The arrangement of these parameters is accomplished by selecting proper control techniques. In this paper, an optimized controller for the stabilization of the poultry house system has been designed in order to reduce the heat stress of broilers and to achieve the preservation of chickens’ health and comfort. A hygro-thermal model describing the behavior of the poultry house is decomposed into two single loops based on the theory of the effective open-loop transfer function. Adopting a model reduction technique, the equivalent transfer function of each loop is then designed by developing an independent multi-loop PID controller. The initial stability of the reduced model is assured via the Hermite-Biehler theorem. Then, the Genetic Algorithm is adopted to search the optimal gain values that contribute to the desired indoor climate monitoring. An extensive numerical simulation is tested with original experiments measures to show the effectiveness of the design control and the results are compared to those of the ant colony optimization and Ziegler-Nichols methods.

scholarly journals Relay Identification Using Shifting Method for PID Controller Tuning

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5945
Author(s):  
Milan Hofreiter
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Parameter Setting ◽  
Relay Feedback ◽  
Controller Tuning ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Transport Delay ◽  
Pid Controller Tuning ◽  
Model Transfer

The aim of this study was to present a relay shifting method for relay feedback identification of dynamical systems suitable for PID controller tuning. The proposed technique uses a biased relay to determine frequency response points from a single experiment without any assumptions about a model transfer function. The method is applicable for open-loop stable, unstable, and integration processes, even with a delay, and regardless of whether they are oscillating or non-oscillating. The core of this technique was formed by the so-called relay shifting filter. In this study, the method was applied to a parameter estimation of a second-order time-delayed (SOTD) model that can describe, with acceptable accuracy, the dynamics of most processes (even with a transport delay) near the operating point. Simultaneously, a parameter setting for the PID controller was derived based on the model parameters. The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated on various simulated processes and tested on real laboratory apparatuses.

The PID Control Stability Analysis and Simulation of Missile Posture Inner Loop Based on Simulink

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
Jun Peng ◽  
Jun Wei Lei ◽  
Di Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Tracking Problem ◽  
Loop Transfer Function ◽  
Function Calculation ◽  
Bode Diagram ◽  
Control Stability ◽  
Angle Tracking

For posture angle tracking problem of missile pitch channel linear model, PID controller is designed. Programming implementation issues is studied based on simulink. The open-loop transfer function calculation method which contains PID controller is put forward by using matlab. The bode diagram of system is worked out. The judgment method of analysing system stability is put forward based on simulink.

A Fractional Calculus Perspective of PID Tuning

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro S. Barbosa ◽  
J. A. Tenreiro Machado ◽  
Isabel M. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Fractional Calculus ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Controller Tuning ◽  
Pid Tuning ◽  
Loop Transfer Function ◽  
Pid Controller Tuning ◽  
Fractional Order Integrator

This paper gives an interpretation of the classical PID controller tuning based on the fractional calculus theory. The PID parameters are calculated according with the specifications of an elementary system whose open-loop transfer function is a fractional order integrator (FOI). The performances of the two systems are compared and illustrated through the frequency and time responses.

scholarly journals Optimum PID controller for airplane wing tires based on gravitational search algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1905-1913
Author(s):  
Ammar Hussein Mutlag ◽  
Omar Nameer Mohammed Salim ◽  
Siraj Qays Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Gravitational Search Algorithm ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Airplane Wing ◽  
Gravitational Search ◽  
Opening And Closing

In this paper, the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is proposed as a method for controlling the opening and closing of airplane wing tires. The GSA is used to find the optimum proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, which controls the wing tires during take-off and landing. In addition, the GSA is suggested as an approach for overcoming the absence of the transfer function, which is usually required to design the optimum PID. The use of the GSA is expected to improve the system. Two of the most popular optimisation algorithms-the harmony search algorithm (HSA) and the particle swarm optimisation (PSO)-were used for the sake of comparison. Moreover, the GSA-, HSA- and PSO-based optimum PID controllers were compared with one of the most important PID tuning methods, the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method. In this study, the integral time absolute error (ITAE) was used as a fitness function. First, four transfer functions for different applications were used to compare the performance of the GSA-based PID (PID-GSA), HSA-based PID (PID-HSA), PSO-based PID (PID-PSO) and Ziegler-Nichols-based PID (PID-ZN). Next, the GSA was used to design the optimum PID controller for the opening and closing systems of the airplane wing tires. The results reveal that the GSA provides better outcomes in terms of ITAE when compared with the other adopted algorithms. Furthermore, the GSA demonstrates a fast and robust response to reference variation.

scholarly journals A Control Source Structure of Single Loudspeaker and Rear Sound Interference for Inexpensive Active Noise Control

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhide Kobayashi ◽  
Hisaya Fujioka ◽  
Naoki Jinbo
Keyword(s):  
Noise Control ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Active Noise ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Loop Transfer Function ◽  
Standard Wave ◽  
Control Source

Active noise control systems of simple ducts are investigated. In particular, open-loop characteristics and closed-loop performances corresponding to various structures of control sources are compared based on both mathematical models and experimental results. In addition to the standard single loudspeaker and the Swinbanks' source, we propose and examine a single loudspeaker with a rear sound interference as a novel structure of control source, where the rear sound radiated from the loudspeaker is interfered with the front sound in order to reduce the net upstream sound directly radiated from the control source. The comparisons of the control structures are performed as follows. First, the open-loop transfer function is derived based on the standard wave equation, where a generalized control structure unifying the three structures mentioned above is considered. Secondly, by a comparison of the open-loop transfer functions from the first principle modeling and frequency response experiments, it is shown that a certain phase-lag is imposed by the Swinbanks' source and the rear sound interference. Thirdly, effects on control performances of control source structures are examined by control experiments with robust controllers.

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