scholarly journals Use of Calcined Dolomite as Chemical Precipitant in the Simultaneous Removal of Ammonium and Phosphate from Synthetic Wastewater and from Agricultural Sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Pesonen ◽  
Pekka Myllymäki ◽  
Sari Tuomikoski ◽  
Gwen Vervecken ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Bodies ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Dolomite Precipitation

Phosphorus as phosphate and nitrogen as ammonium or nitrate are the main nutrients in wastewaters and agricultural sludges. They runoff easily to waterways and cause eutrophication in water bodies. However, ammonium and phosphate could be precipitated simultaneously and used as recycled nutrients. In this research, dolomite calcined at 650 °C, 750 °C, or 950 °C and commercial MgO were used as precipitants in simultaneous phosphate and ammonium removal from synthetic (NH4)2HPO4 solution and agricultural sludge. Calcination at 750 °C was the preferred option as dolomite was decomposed to MgO and CaCO3 for optimal struvite precipitation. Molar ratios of 1.1–1.6:1–2:2 (Mg:P:N) were employed in the experiments. Very robust ammonium removal was obtained with MgO (57%), dolomite 650 °C and dolomite 750 °C (75%). MgO removed almost all phosphate, while dolomite 650 °C removed 65%, and dolomite 750 °C removed 60% (70% from agricultural sludge). Some part of the phosphate was adsorbed, most likely by CaCO3, during dolomite precipitation. Struvite was the only identified reaction product in all samples after 24 h of precipitation. Calcined dolomite had great potential in ammonium and phosphate precipitation from both synthetic waters and agricultural sludges and the precipitates could be used as recycled fertilizers.

The Treatment Methods Review of Source-Separated Urine

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1701-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Fu Guo Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Source Separation ◽  
Scarce Resource ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Separation System ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

The urine-diverting toilet separates the urine and faeces and collects urine alone at the source. This technique can not only collect and make the most use of nutrients in urine, but also reduce the pollutants load on water bodies. Because of the valuable benefits of urine-source separation system, many researchers have done a lot of study in the global scope and obtained many results on this techniques. Currently studies focus on extracting struvite precipitation from urine which can synchronously recover nitrogen and phosphorus. Because phosphorus is a scarce resource and most phosphate resources are going to the bottom of sea. The recovery of struvite can realize the sustainable utilization of phosphorus resources. This paper reviews the latest research outcomes on urine diverting and treatment techniques.

Nutrient removal and microbial granulation in an anaerobic process treating inorganic and organic nitrogenous wastewater

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Ahn ◽  
H.-C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

The sustainable anaerobic nitrogen removal and microbial granulation were investigated by using a laboratory anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor, treating synthetic (inorganic and organic) wastewater and piggery waste. From inorganic synthetic wastewater, lithoautotrophic ammonium oxidation to nitrite/nitrate was observed by an addition of hydroxylamine. Also, the results revealed that the Anammox intermediates (particularly, hydrazine) contents in the substrate would be one of the important parameters for success of the anaerobic nitrogen removal process. The results from organic synthetic wastewater show that if the Anammox organism were not great enough in the startup of the process, denitritation and anaerobic ammonification would be a process prior to the Anammox reaction. The anaerobic ammonium removal from the piggery waste was performed successfully, probably due to the Anammox intermediates contained in the substrate. This reactor shows a complex performance including the Anammox reaction and HAP crystallization, as well as having partial denitritation occurring simultaneously. From the activity test, the maximum specific N conversion rate was 0.1 g NH4-N/g VSS/day (0.77 g T-N/g VSS/day), indicating that potential denitritation is quite high. The NO2-N/NH4-N ratio to Anammox is 1.17. The colour of the biomass treating the piggery waste changed from black to dark red. It was also observed that the red-colored granular sludge had a diameter of 1-2 mm. The settleability assessment of the granular sludge revealed that the granular sludge had a good settleability even though it was worse than that of seed granular sludge.

Recovery of nitrogen from saponification wastewater by struvite precipitation

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2741-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Huang ◽  
Xianming Xiao ◽  
Liping Yang ◽  
Bo Yan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Seeding Material ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

In general, saponification wastewater produced from the separation process of rare-earth elements contains high ammonium concentration. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the parameters to enhance the struvite precipitation potential for ammonium removal from the wastewater having an ammonium concentration of 4,100 mg/L. Experimental results showed that increasing the dose and grain size of pre-formed struvite, which was added as the seeding material in struvite reaction, could increase ammonium removal. The removal efficiency increased 7.6% when the dose of pre-formed struvite with crystal grain size range of 0.098–0.150 mm increased from 0 g/L to 60 g/L. Additionally, struvite precipitation was tested with the intermittent addition of magnesium and phosphate to utilize the struvite crystals formed during the reaction process as the seeding material for the subsequent reaction. The results revealed that intermittently adding magnesium 7 times effectively enhanced ammonium removal by around 8%, which was equivalent to that of using pre-formed struvite as the seeding material. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the struvite recovered with intermittent addition of magnesium was characterized, showing the struvite could be used as fertilizer. An economic evaluation indicated that intermittent addition of magnesium 7 times can save 13.4% cost for recovering per kg NH4+ compared to that of bulk addition.

scholarly journals Lampiran 5A paper Removal of nitrate, ammonia and phosphate from aqueous solutions in packed bed filterusing biochar augmented sand media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Columns ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations ◽  
Study Laboratory

Nutrients from wastewater are a major source of pollution because they can cause significant impact on the ecosystem. Accordingly, it is important that the nutrient concentrations are kept to admissible levels to the receiving environment. Often regulatory limits are set on the maximum allowable concentrations in the effluent. Therefore, wastewater must be treated to meet safe levels of discharge. In this study, laboratory investigation of the efficiency of packed bed filters to remove nitrate, ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solutions were conducted. Sand and sand augmented with hydrochloric acid treated biochar (SBC) were used as packing media. Synthetic wastewater solution was prepared with PO43-, NO3-, NH4+ concentrations 20, 10, 50 mg/L, respectively. Each experiment ran for a period of five days; samples from the effluent were collected on alternate days. All experiments were duplicated. Over the experiment period, the average removal efficiency of PO43-, NO3-, NH4+ were 99.2%, 72.9%, 96.7% in the sand packed columns and 99.2%, 82.3%, 97.4% in the SBC packed columns, respectively. Although, the presence of biochar in the packing media had little effect on phosphate and ammonium removal, it significantly improved nitrate removal

scholarly journals On precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanus Muryanto
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Foreign Ions ◽  
Scale Deposit ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
Ph Level

Excessive input of N and P into water bodies causes eutrophication which leads to deterioration of aquatic evironments and has adverse effects naturally and economically. It is therefore urgent to remove N and P from wastewater prior to disposal into inland and coastal waters. Among the various removal methods, controlled struvite precipitation is preferred. Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) precipitates uncontrollably under the specific conditions producing a scale deposit causing persistent problems in industries and wastewater treatment plants. The scale deposit clogs the piping system and impair plant equipment. On the other hand, thanks to its composition and properties, struvite is a potential fertilizer. In medical field, struvite is a common component of kidney stones. A number of process parameters govern the struvite precipitation. This paper briefly presents these parameters: pH, molar ratios, temperature, mixing, and presence of foreign ions. pH level is considered as the most important variable affecting the precipitation of struvite and the pH level: 9.5 to 10.5 is seen as the optimum. For an effective precipitation the molar ratios of the struvite components, i.e. Mg:N:P should be at least unity. With regard to struvite solubility, the effect of temperature, in the range of 21oC to 49oC, is conflicting, which is probably due to different experimental conditions. Whilst agitation is not regarded as a decisive parameter, the influence of foreign ions, notably divalent metal ions, on struvite morphology and change of crystal phases is significant.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF TECTONICS IN THE FORMATION OF SMALL WATER OBJECTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.В. Кюль ◽  
Л.И. Канкулова
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Tectonic Disturbances ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
Small Water Bodies

В статье приведены результаты площадной оценки распределения малых водных объектов на территории КБР. При инвентаризации описаны 83 объекта, 75 из которых составляют родники. Практически все они приурочены к таким типам водоносных систем, как трещинно-жильные воды и воды зон тектонических нарушений. Прослеживается чёткая взаимосвязь между разрывными тектоническими нарушениями, оползневыми массивами и родниками трещинно-тектонического (разломного) типа. Масштабные работы по данной проблеме исследований на территории КБР проводятся впервые и имеют достаточно большое практическое значение. В дальнейшем, при определении рационального использования малых водных объектов в хозяйственных целях необходимо проведение комплекса специализированных (гидрохимических, экологических и др.) исследований. The article presents the results of an area assessment of the distribution of small water bodies in the KBR. The inventory describes 83 objects, 75 of which are springs. Almost all of them are confined to such types of aquifer systems as fractured-vein water and water zones of tectonic disturbances. The correlation between the discontinuous tectonic faults, landslides arrays and education of the springs are fracture-tectonic(fault) type. Large – scale work on this problem of research on the territory of the KBR is carried out for the first time and are of great practical importance. Further, in determining the rational use of small water bodies for economic purposes it is necessary to conduct complex specialized investigations (hydrochemical, environmental, etc.).

Investigation on the Efficiency of Effective Microorganisms for Polluted Water Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Wei Se Hoo ◽  
Swee-Sen Teo
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Effective Microorganisms

Water pollution, mainly caused by rapid industrialization and population growth, has been one of the major threats to the sustainability of living organisms. The urgency to preserve and restore the freshwater system has never been clearer, as only 1% of the world's total water supply is suitable for human consumption. Recently, biological treatment using Effective Microorganisms Activated Solution (EMAS) shows potential in reducing pollution in wastewater and river water bodies. Thus, this study aims to assess the water quality of water bodies in Malaysia, namely Kerayong River and Pandan Perdana Lake, and assess the effectiveness and optimum concentration of EMAS on polluted water. The results obtained showed that high levels of NO2- , NO3- and NH3 were found in excess in Kerayong River, indicating pollution occurs whereas none of the tested parameters were detected in excess in Pandan Perdana Lake, hence showing it was not contaminated. The effectiveness of EMAS on synthetic wastewater was assessed through the measurement of few parameters which include Ca2+, Na+ , K+ , NO3- , NH4+ , pH and microbe concentration. It was found that in all concentrations of EMAS, ammonium ion concentration was effectively reduced, and microbe concentration was increased (p < 0.05). EMA (1 mL/L) and EMB (0.2 mL/L) samples had significantly lower nitrate concentration compared to the control samples. EMAS were not capable to reduce dissolved water minerals such as Ca2+, Na+ and K+ , but further contributes to the increase of dissolved minerals in the water. Whereas no significant effect of EMAS on pH of water samples was observed as all water samples fall within pH of 4.31 to 4.56 throughout 5 days. EMAS concentration of 1 mL/L was the optimum concentration for reducing ammonium and nitrate concentration.

KHILCHEVSKYI V.K. MODERN CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER BODIES IN UKRAINE: WATERCOURSES AND RESERVOIRS

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
V.K. Khilchevskyi
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin ◽  
Almost All

According to the assessment made in the article, the current data on the number of water bodies on the territory of Ukraine are: 63119 rivers; about 20 thousand lakes; 1054 reservoirs; 50793 ponds. There are rivers in Ukraine: large (> 50 thousand km2) – 8 rivers: Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Desna, Pripyat, Southern Bug, Seversky Donets, Tisa; medium (2.0-50 thousand km2) – 82 rivers; small (<2.0 thousand km2) – 63,029 rivers (99.87%). There are lakes in Ukraine: very large (> 100 km2) – 1 lake: Yalpug; large (10-100 km2) – 21 lakes; medium (1-10 km2) – about 70; small (0.5-1.0 km2) and very small (<0.5 km2) - all other lakes (99.54%). There are reservoirs in Ukraine: very large (10-50 km3) – 2 reservoirs: Kremenchug and Kakhovskoe – on the river.Dnipro (0.2%); large (1.0-10 km3) – 5 reservoirs; Kievskoe,Kanevskoe, Kamenskoe, Dneprovskoe (on the Dnieper river), Dnestrovsky – on the Dniester (0.5%); medium (0.1-1.0 km3) – 11 reservoirs (1.0%); small (0.01-0.1 km3) – 88 reservoirs (8.4%); small (<0.01 km3) – 948 reservoirs (89.9%). There are ponds in Ukraine: very large (> 500 thousand m3) and large (200-500 thousand m3) – 13%; medium (50-200 thousand m3) – 29%; small (10-50 thousand m3) and very small (<10 thousand m3) - 58%. Of great importance was the approval by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2016 of the hydrographic zoning of the territory of Ukraine with the allocation of 9 regions of river basins: the Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Southern Bug, Don, Vistula, Crimean rivers Black Sea rivers, Azov rivers. Almost all rivers of Ukraine belong to the basin of the Black and Azov seas. In addition to the area of the river basin Vistula (Western Bug and San rivers) which belongs to the Baltic Sea basin and occupies only 2.5% of the country's territory. It is shown that since hydrographic studies in Ukraine were carried out more than 50 years ago, modern hydrographic surveys of the country’s territory with the creation of a modern water cadastre and the establishment of real morphometric parameters of water bodies (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds) are necessary. The main organizations dealing with these issues are the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center of the State Service of Ukraine for Emergency Situations. It is also necessary to regulate a number of concepts that are used a priori, but do not have a definition, clear parameters (for example, a stream, a source, a digging pond, etc.). This is difficult to implement through the Water Code of Ukraine or state standards, but it can be easier to do through the officially approved methods in which these terms are used.

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