scholarly journals Evidence Supporting an Antimicrobial Origin of Targeting Peptides to Endosymbiotic Organelles

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde Garrido ◽  
Oliver D. Caspari ◽  
Yves Choquet ◽  
Francis-André Wollman ◽  
Ingrid Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Signal Peptides ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Photosynthetic Eukaryotes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Primary Endosymbiosis ◽  
Organelle Targeting

Mitochondria and chloroplasts emerged from primary endosymbiosis. Most proteins of the endosymbiont were subsequently expressed in the nucleo-cytosol of the host and organelle-targeted via the acquisition of N-terminal presequences, whose evolutionary origin remains enigmatic. Using a quantitative assessment of their physico-chemical properties, we show that organelle targeting peptides, which are distinct from signal peptides targeting other subcellular compartments, group with a subset of antimicrobial peptides. We demonstrate that extant antimicrobial peptides target a fluorescent reporter to either the mitochondria or the chloroplast in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and, conversely, that extant targeting peptides still display antimicrobial activity. Thus, we provide strong computational and functional evidence for an evolutionary link between organelle-targeting and antimicrobial peptides. Our results support the view that resistance of bacterial progenitors of organelles to the attack of host antimicrobial peptides has been instrumental in eukaryogenesis and in the emergence of photosynthetic eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Evidence supporting an antimicrobial origin of targeting peptides to endosymbiotic organelles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde Garrido ◽  
Oliver D. Caspari ◽  
Yves Choquet ◽  
Francis-André Wollman ◽  
Ingrid Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Signal Peptides ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Photosynthetic Eukaryotes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Primary Endosymbiosis ◽  
Organelle Targeting

AbstractMitochondria and chloroplasts emerged from primary endosymbiosis. Most proteins of the endosymbiont were subsequently expressed in the nucleo-cytosol of the host and organelle-targeted via the acquisition of N-terminal presequences, whose evolutionary origin remains enigmatic. Using a quantitative assessment of their physico-chemical properties, we show that organelle targeting peptides, which are distinct from signal peptides targeting other subcellular compartments, group with a subset of antimicrobial peptides. We demonstrate that extant antimicrobial peptides target a fluorescent reporter to either the mitochondria or the chloroplast in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and, conversely, that extant targeting peptides still display antimicrobial activity. Thus, we provide strong computational and functional evidence for an evolutionary link between organelle-targeting and antimicrobial peptides. Our results support the view that resistance of bacterial progenitors of organelles to the attack of host antimicrobial peptides has been instrumental in eukaryogenesis and in emergence of photosynthetic eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Antiviral surfaces and coatings and their mechanisms of action

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina D. Rakowska ◽  
Mariavitalia Tiddia ◽  
Nilofar Faruqui ◽  
Claire Bankier ◽  
Yiwen Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Virus Attachment ◽  
Physico Chemical

AbstractViral infections are a serious health challenge, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for antiviral measures and treatments for clean surfaces, especially in public places. Here, we review a range of natural and synthetic surface materials and coatings with antiviral properties, including metals, polymers and biopolymers, graphene and antimicrobial peptides, and their underpinning antiviral mechanisms. We also discuss the physico-chemical properties of surfaces which influence virus attachment and persistence on surfaces. Finally, an overview is given of the current practices and applications of antiviral and virucidal materials and coatings in consumer products, personal protective equipment, healthcare and public settings.

scholarly journals Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and physico-chemical properties of some n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium halides

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomé El Hage ◽  
Barbora Lajoie ◽  
Jean-Luc Stigliani ◽  
Aurélie Furiga-Chusseau ◽  
Christine Roques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals The use of UniProtKB/BIOPEP for the analysis of oat globulin physicochemical parameters and bioactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szerszunowicz Iwona ◽  
Nałęcz Dorota
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Signal Peptides ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Functional Peptides ◽  
Chymotrypsin A ◽  
11S Globulins

The physico-chemical properties of oat proteins (globulins) were determined and an analysis was done whether products of in silico proteolysis contain mono- and multi-functional peptides with various biological activity. The MW(s), calculated by the ProtParam program, for precursors of 12S and 11S globulins and proteins without signal peptides were in the range of 50.78–61.86 kDa. The pH at which the solubility of the proteins under analysis was the lowest ranged from 7.29 to 9.44. A simulation of proteolysis with three enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin A) in the optimum conditions of the enzyme action can produce 6–8 bi-functional, 5–10 mono-functional biopeptides from oat globulins (12S, 11S globulins), and one tri-functional biopeptide (VY). The mono-functional biopeptides exhibited the activity of DPPIV inhibitors or ACE inhibitors, and the multi-functional biopeptides can exhibit the activity of inhibitors of both enzymes (DPPIV and ACE). Sensory peptides accounted for 43% of all the released mono- and multi-functional biopeptides.

scholarly journals Retracing the evolution from antimicrobial to targeting peptides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.D. Caspari ◽  
C. Garrido ◽  
Y. Choquet ◽  
F.-A. Wollman ◽  
I Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Chloroplast Targeting ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Interaction Sites ◽  
Cargo Protein ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Processing Site ◽  
Organelle Targeting

AbstractWe experimentally challenged the endosymbiotic hypothesis that organelle-targeting peptides derive from antimicrobial amphipathic peptides delivered by the host cell, to which organelle progenitors became resistant. To explore the molecular changes required to convert such antimicrobial peptides into bona fide organelle-targeting peptides, we expressed a set of 13 antimicrobial peptides of various origins in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that serves as a model for both mitochondrial and chloroplast import. The peptides were modified to match distinctive features of mitochondrial and chloroplast targeting peptides, and we assessed their targeting potential by following the intracellular localization and maturation of a Venus fluorescent reporter used as cargo protein. We present a temporal evolutionary scenario that emphasizes the early contribution of exchanging Lysines with Arginines in the sequence of the antimicrobial peptide, the evolution of a processing site followed by the addition of unstructured sequence and protein interaction sites that allow the selective targeting to the chloroplast.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides as Anti-Infective Agents in Pre-Post-Antibiotic Era?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Rončević ◽  
Jasna Puizina ◽  
Alessandro Tossi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Algorithmic Techniques ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Start Ups

Resistance to antibiotics is one of the main current threats to human health and every year multi-drug resistant bacteria are infecting millions of people worldwide, with many dying as a result. Ever since their discovery, some 40 years ago, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate defense have been hailed as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics due to their relatively low potential to elicit resistance. Despite continued effort by both academia and start-ups, currently there are still no antibiotics based on AMPs in use. In this study, we discuss what we know and what we do not know about these agents, and what we need to know to successfully translate discovery to application. Understanding the complex mechanics of action of these peptides is the main prerequisite for identifying and/or designing or redesigning novel molecules with potent biological activity. However, other aspects also need to be well elucidated, i.e., the (bio)synthetic processes, physiological and pathological contexts of their activity, and a quantitative understanding of how physico-chemical properties affect activity. Research groups worldwide are using biological, biophysical, and algorithmic techniques to develop models aimed at designing molecules with the necessary blend of antimicrobial potency and low toxicity. Shedding light on some open questions may contribute toward improving this process.

scholarly journals Study of physico-chemical properties and in vitro antimicrobial activity of hydroxyapatites obtained from bone calcination

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio M. Resmim ◽  
Mariane Dalpasquale ◽  
Nilce I. C. Vielmo ◽  
Filipe Q. Mariani ◽  
Juan C. Villalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Novel antibiotics, amythiamicins. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties, and antimicrobial activity.

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUO SHIMANAKA ◽  
NAOKO KINOSHITA ◽  
HIRONOBU IINUMA ◽  
MASA HAMADA ◽  
TOMIO TAKEUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Novel Antibiotics

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of five varieties of honey from Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Ismail ◽  
Emad M. Abdallah ◽  
Eman R. Elsharkawy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Wild honey is believed to have plentiful nutritional and health benefits. Numerous studies dealing with the characteristics and biological activities of honey have proved its biological activities. However, little is known about Saudi wild honey. In the current study, the physico-chemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of five varieties of wild honey collected from different locations in Saudi Arabia were examined. Results showed that, the physico-chemical characteristics of all samples were in compliance with international standards. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis exhibited that fructose is the major sugar type in all examined wild honeys, which was found in highest concentration in flowers honey (46 g/100 g), whereas, the lowest fructose concentration was found in Ziziphus honey (36 g/100 g). All monofloral honey showed significant antioxidant activity. Alfalfa honey recorded the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Ziziphus honey, respectively. However, Tamarisk honey recorded the lowest antioxidant activity among honey samples. Honey's antibacterial activity against five microorganisms displayed differing degrees of inhibition. The overall findings indicated that no antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans. The antibacterial examination of honey samples revealed non-significant activity against all tested bacteria, except with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1026, where the Acacia honey exhibited significant activity against this bacterium (p < 0.05), with a mean of inhibition zone of 12.0+0.0 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5%. The results of the other types of honey were statistically non-significant.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of the Safety and Probiotic Potential of Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959 in Comparison with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autilia Cozzolino ◽  
Franca Vergalito ◽  
Patrizio Tremonte ◽  
Massimo Iorizzo ◽  
Silvia J. Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
First Time

In this study, for the first time, we examined some of the physico-chemical properties of the cell surface of Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959, comparing it with those of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG—one of the most extensively studied probiotic microorganisms. In particular, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and biofilm formation were investigated. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility, co-culture, and antimicrobial activity of the two strains were compared. Hydrophobicity was evaluated using xylene and toluene, showing that A. muciniphila DSM 22959 possessed moderate hydrophobicity. A. muciniphila showed a faster and higher auto-aggregation ability than Lb. rhamnosus GG, but a lower aptitude in biofilm formation. In the co-aggregation test, the best performance was obtained by Lb. rhamnosus GG. Regarding the susceptibility to antibiotics, the differences between the two strains were remarkable, with A. muciniphila DSM 22959 showing resistance to half of the antibiotic tested. Interesting results were also obtained with regard to the stimulating effect of Lb. rhamnosus GG on the growth of A. muciniphila when co-cultured.

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