scholarly journals The Leukemic Fly: Promises and Challenges

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Amani Al Outa ◽  
Dana Abubaker ◽  
Joelle Madi ◽  
Rihab Nasr ◽  
Margret Shirinian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Interesting Area ◽  
Significant Mortality

Leukemia involves different types of blood cancers, which lead to significant mortality and morbidity. Murine models of leukemia have been instrumental in understanding the biology of the disease and identifying therapeutics. However, such models are time consuming and expensive in high throughput genetic and drug screening. Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an invaluable in vivo model for studying different diseases, including cancer. Fruit flies possess several hematopoietic processes and compartments that are in close resemblance to their mammalian counterparts. A number of studies succeeded in characterizing the fly’s response upon the expression of human leukemogenic proteins in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. Moreover, some of these studies showed that these models are amenable to genetic screening. However, none were reported to be tested for drug screening. In this review, we describe the Drosophila hematopoietic system, briefly focusing on leukemic diseases in which fruit flies have been used. We discuss myeloid and lymphoid leukemia fruit fly models and we further highlight their roles for future therapeutic screening. In conclusion, fruit fly leukemia models constitute an interesting area which could speed up the process of integrating new therapeutics when complemented with mammalian models.

Effect of 5-Fluorouracil Administered at Low Doses on Cytotoxic Properties of Methotrexate in the in vivo Model of Mice L1210 Leukemia; According to the Schedule of Treatment

Pteridines ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Julita Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
L1210 Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

Summary The study compared antineoplastic effects of combined methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil therapy on LI210 lymphoid leukemia in mice according to the schedule of treatment. Methotrexate was administered at doses of: LOw.. 0.5 LOw. 5-Fluorouracil was administered at doses of: 0.2 LOIO, 0.1 LOw, 0.02 LOro. The parameters characterizing the efficacy of the therapy were survival time of mice inoculated with LI2l0 leukemic cells .. as well as 1151 excretory capacity of mice inoculated with 1251-iododeoxyuridine-Iabelled leukemic cells. It has been observed that the longest survival time of mice with LI210 leukemia is obtained when methotrexate is administered prior to 5-fluorouracil. Reversing the schedule, or simultaneous administration of the drugs results in shorter survival time. despite the administration of 5-fluorouracil at low doses, ineffective on LI210 leukemia in monotherapy. Cytotoxic effects on LI210 leukemic cells labelled with 1151UDR were present only when methotrexate was administered prior to 5-fluorouracil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cyantraniliprole, Spinetoram, and Chromobacterium subtsugae Extract in Bait for Killing and Reducing Oviposition of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362
Author(s):  
Wee L Yee
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract Insecticides mixed in sugar-protein baits or insecticides alone have been used to control tephritid fruit flies for many years. Here, effects of cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, and the biopesticide Chromobacterium subtsugae extract in sucrose-yeast extract bait or alone on kill and oviposition of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), were evaluated in the laboratory. Flies were exposed to dry insecticide bait or insecticide alone in the presence or absence of a nontoxic food strip. Spinetoram alone caused greater mortality than cyantraniliprole alone, while cyantraniliprole in bait caused mortality as high as spinetoram bait and greater mortality than cyantraniliprole alone. Chromobacterium subtsugae extract alone but not in bait caused significant mortality compared with controls, but was much less effective than cyantraniliprole and spinetoram. Spinetoram alone reduced oviposition more than cyantraniliprole alone. However, cyantraniliprole bait reduced oviposition as much or more than spinetoram alone or spinetoram bait. Cyantraniliprole and spinetoram baits caused greater mortality when a nontoxic food strip was absent than present, but there was no corresponding reduction in oviposition. Chromobacterium subtsugae extract did not significantly reduce oviposition compared with controls. Potential benefits of using cyantraniliprole baits as an additional or alternative method to using more toxic spinosyn insecticides for controlling R. indifferens warrant study.

scholarly journals A Novelin vivoModel of Anaerobic Infection: The Investigation ofClostridium perfringensinGalleria mellonellaLarvae.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammy J Kay ◽  
Joseph R Edwards ◽  
Joseph C S Brown ◽  
Ronald A Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Important research progress into the mechanisms ofClostridium perfringensassociated diseases (CPAD) has been slowed by the lack of a reliable infection model. Wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella) have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional mammalian organisms since they are economic, survive at 37°C and require no specialist equipment. This study aims to establish whetherG. mellonellalarvae can be developed as a viable model for the study of CPAD and their suitability for studying novel treatment strategies. In addition, the study demonstrates a novel time-lapse approach to data collection. Mortality and morbidity rates of larvae challenged with 105CFU ofC. perfringensisolates from various sources were observed over 72h and dose response data obtained using inoculum sizes of 10- 105CFU. Phenoloxidase enzyme activity was investigated as a marker for immune response and tissue burden by histopathological techniques. Results show thatC. perfringensis pathogenic towardsG. mellonellaalthough potency varies between isolates. Infection activates the melanisation pathway resulting in melanin deposition but no increase in enzyme activity was observed. Efficacy of antibiotic therapy (penicillin G, bacitracin, neomycin and tetracycline) administered parenterally loosely correlates with that of in vitro analysis. The findings suggestG. mellonellacan be a useful in vivo model of infection when investigating CPAD. Although they are unlikely to replace traditional mammals they may be useful as a pre-screening assay for virulence ofC.perfringensstrains or as a simple, cheap and rapid in vivo assay in the development and pre-clinical development of novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals IDH1-mutated transgenic zebrafish lines: An in-vivo model for drug screening and functional analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0199737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Gao ◽  
Maurice de Wit ◽  
Eduard A. Struys ◽  
Herma C. Z. van der Linde ◽  
Gajja S. Salomons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Strategy to Counteract Eye Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila melanogaster Fed with High-Sugar Diet

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Catalani ◽  
Giuseppina Fanelli ◽  
Federica Silvestri ◽  
Agnese Cherubini ◽  
Simona Del Quondam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Retinal Neurons ◽  
High Sucrose

Aberrant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common feature of damaged retinal neurons in diabetic retinopathy, and antioxidants may exert both preventive and therapeutic action. To evaluate the beneficial and antioxidant properties of food supplementation with Lisosan G, a powder of bran and germ of grain (Triticum aestivum) obtained by fermentation with selected lactobacillus and natural yeast strains, we used an in vivo model of hyperglycemia-induced retinal damage, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster fed with high-sucrose diet. Lisosan G positively affected the visual system of hyperglycemic flies at structural/functional level, decreased apoptosis, and reactivated protective autophagy at the retina internal network. Also, in high sucrose-fed Drosophila, Lisosan G reduced the levels of brain ROS and retina peroxynitrite. The analysis of oxidative stress-related metabolites suggested 7,8-dihydrofolate, uric acid, dihydroorotate, γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine, allantoin, cysteinyl-glycine, and quinolate as key mediators of Lisosan G-induced inhibition of neuronal ROS, along with the upregulation of glutathione system. Of note, Lisosan G may impact oxidative stress and the ensuing retinal cell death, also independently from autophagy, although the autophagy-ROS cross-talk is critical. This study demonstrated that the continuous supplementation with the alimentary integrator Lisosan G exerts a robust and multifaceted antioxidant effect on retinal neurons, thus providing efficacious neuroprotection of hyperglycemic eye.

scholarly journals Human monoclonal antibodies to group B streptococcus. Reactivity and in vivo protection against multiple serotypes.

1988 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
H V Raff ◽  
P J Siscoe ◽  
E A Wolff ◽  
G Maloney ◽  
W Shuford
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Passive Immunotherapy ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Human B Cells ◽  
Antibody Immunotherapy ◽  
Group B ◽  
Significant Mortality

Group B streptococcal (GBS) infections cause significant mortality and morbidity among infants. Passive antibody immunotherapy has been proposed as treatment for infected infants. To this end, two human mAb-secreting cell lines were produced by EBV immortalization of human B cells. The mAbs were specific for the group B polysaccharide and bound to strains of all five serotypes as demonstrated by ELISA and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The mAbs reacted and opsonized 100% (132/132) of the clinical isolates tested which represented all four capsule types. Both prophylactic and therapeutic protection with these mAbs were demonstrated in neonatal rats given lethal infections of types Ia and III human clinical isolates. These data indicate that a single human mAb directed against the group B carbohydrate can protect against GBS infections caused by the different serotypes. This antibody may be useful in the passive immunotherapy of infants infected with GBS.

Establishment of an in vivo model for KCNJ5 dependent hyperaldosteronism

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Lichtenauer ◽  
PL Schmid ◽  
A Oßwald ◽  
I Renner-Müller ◽  
M Reincke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Model
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