scholarly journals Human monoclonal antibodies to group B streptococcus. Reactivity and in vivo protection against multiple serotypes.

1988 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
H V Raff ◽  
P J Siscoe ◽  
E A Wolff ◽  
G Maloney ◽  
W Shuford
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Passive Immunotherapy ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Human B Cells ◽  
Antibody Immunotherapy ◽  
Group B ◽  
Significant Mortality

Group B streptococcal (GBS) infections cause significant mortality and morbidity among infants. Passive antibody immunotherapy has been proposed as treatment for infected infants. To this end, two human mAb-secreting cell lines were produced by EBV immortalization of human B cells. The mAbs were specific for the group B polysaccharide and bound to strains of all five serotypes as demonstrated by ELISA and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The mAbs reacted and opsonized 100% (132/132) of the clinical isolates tested which represented all four capsule types. Both prophylactic and therapeutic protection with these mAbs were demonstrated in neonatal rats given lethal infections of types Ia and III human clinical isolates. These data indicate that a single human mAb directed against the group B carbohydrate can protect against GBS infections caused by the different serotypes. This antibody may be useful in the passive immunotherapy of infants infected with GBS.

Group B Streptococcal Infections in Neonates

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Carol J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group B

β-Hemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group B have been causally linked to neonatal disease since 1938, but only in the last decade has the group B Streptococcus become the leading etiologic agent for bacteremia and/or meningitis occurring during the first two months of life. Neither the reasons for the emergence of this organism nor the shifts over the past 40 years in the prevalence of various bacteria responsible for neonatal infection has been adequately explained. However, the importance of the group B Streptococcus as a frequent cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity demands a thorough understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and management of these infections by physicians caring for newborn infants. INCIDENCE The common occurrence of neonatal group B streptococcal septicemia and meningitis in several geographically distant centers since 1970 has allowed the relatively precise determination of attack rates for early onset type (≤5 days) infection. Reported attack rates have been surprisingly uniform, varying from 1.3/1,000 to 4.0/1,000 live births (Table 1). Because the attack rates for serious neonatal infections associated with Escherichia coli and other maternally acquired coliform organisms have been constant since 1960, the appearance of the group B Streptococcus resulted in an absolute increase in the incidence of neonatal bacterial disease during the past decade in many hospitals in this country.

scholarly journals The Leukemic Fly: Promises and Challenges

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Amani Al Outa ◽  
Dana Abubaker ◽  
Joelle Madi ◽  
Rihab Nasr ◽  
Margret Shirinian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Interesting Area ◽  
Significant Mortality

Leukemia involves different types of blood cancers, which lead to significant mortality and morbidity. Murine models of leukemia have been instrumental in understanding the biology of the disease and identifying therapeutics. However, such models are time consuming and expensive in high throughput genetic and drug screening. Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an invaluable in vivo model for studying different diseases, including cancer. Fruit flies possess several hematopoietic processes and compartments that are in close resemblance to their mammalian counterparts. A number of studies succeeded in characterizing the fly’s response upon the expression of human leukemogenic proteins in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. Moreover, some of these studies showed that these models are amenable to genetic screening. However, none were reported to be tested for drug screening. In this review, we describe the Drosophila hematopoietic system, briefly focusing on leukemic diseases in which fruit flies have been used. We discuss myeloid and lymphoid leukemia fruit fly models and we further highlight their roles for future therapeutic screening. In conclusion, fruit fly leukemia models constitute an interesting area which could speed up the process of integrating new therapeutics when complemented with mammalian models.

scholarly journals 767 TYPE 14 PNEUMOCOCCAL ANTISERA IS OPSONIC IN VITRO AND PROTECTIVE IN VIVO FOR GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS TYPE III

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 491-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W Fischer ◽  
George H Lowell ◽  
Martin H Crumrine ◽  
James W Bass
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals O-Acetylation of sialic acid on Group B Streptococcus inhibits neutrophil suppression and virulence

2010 ◽  
Vol 428 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Weiman ◽  
Satoshi Uchiyama ◽  
Feng-Ying C. Lin ◽  
Donald Chaffin ◽  
Ajit Varki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Group B

GBS (Group B Streptococcus) requires capsular Sia (sialic acid) for virulence and partially modifies this sugar by O-acetylation. In the present paper we describe serotype-specific patterns of GBS Sia O-acetylation that can be manipulated by genetic and biochemical means. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that this subtle modification attenuates GBS Sia-mediated neutrophil suppression and animal virulence.

Failure of inhibition of in vivo group B streptococcus growth in rhesus amniotic fluid

1984 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Hemming ◽  
W.T. London ◽  
K. Nagarajan ◽  
B.L. Curfman ◽  
G.W. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Group B Streptococcus Engages an Inhibitory Siglec through Sialic Acid Mimicry to Blunt Innate Immune and Inflammatory Responses In Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e1003846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Chi Chang ◽  
Joshua Olson ◽  
Federico C. Beasley ◽  
Christine Tung ◽  
Jiquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Group B
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