scholarly journals Role of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 in Early Mammary Gland Tumorigenesis and Its Regulation in Breast Microenvironment

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Clemenceau ◽  
Caroline Diorio ◽  
Francine Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Mammary Gland Involution ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

In mice, the lack of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is responsible for mammogenesis and hyperplasia, while, in bovines, its overexpression is associated with post-lactational mammary gland involution. Interestingly, there are no reports dealing with the role of SFRP1 in female involution. However, SFRP1 dysregulation is largely associated with human tumorigenesis in the literature. Indeed, the lack of SFRP1 is associated with both tumor development and patient prognosis. Considering the increased risk of breast tumor development associated with incomplete mammary gland involution, it is crucial to demystify the “grey zone” between physiological age-related involution and tumorigenesis. In this review, we explore the functions of SFRP1 involved in the breast involution processes to understand the perturbations driven by the disappearance of SFRP1 in mammary tissue. Moreover, we question the presence of recurrent microcalcifications identified by mammography. In bone metastases from prostate primary tumor, overexpression of SFRP1 results in an osteolytic response of the tumor cells. Hence, we explore the hypothesis of an osteoblastic differentiation of mammary cells induced by the lack of SFRP1 during lobular involution, resulting in a new accumulation of hydroxyapatite crystals in the breast tissue.

scholarly journals Role of Prolactin, Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Mammary Gland Involution in the Dairy Cow

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Accorsi ◽  
B. Pacioni ◽  
C. Pezzi ◽  
M. Forni ◽  
D.J. Flint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Mammary Gland Involution

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: The Role of Acylglycerolphosphate Acyltransferases (AGPATs)

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Angeliki Karagiota ◽  
Georgia Chachami ◽  
Efrosyni Paraskeva
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
A Cell

Altered lipid metabolism is an emerging hallmark of aggressive tumors, as rapidly proliferating cancer cells reprogram fatty acid (FA) uptake, synthesis, storage, and usage to meet their increased energy demands. Central to these adaptive changes, is the conversion of excess FA to neutral triacylglycerides (TAG) and their storage in lipid droplets (LDs). Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs), also known as lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs), are a family of five enzymes that catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA), the second step of the TAG biosynthesis pathway. PA, apart from its role as an intermediate in TAG synthesis, is also a precursor of glycerophospholipids and a cell signaling molecule. Although the different AGPAT isoforms catalyze the same reaction, they appear to have unique non-overlapping roles possibly determined by their distinct tissue expression and substrate specificity. This is best exemplified by the role of AGPAT2 in the development of type 1 congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) and is also manifested by recent studies highlighting the involvement of AGPATs in the physiology and pathology of various tissues and organs. Importantly, AGPAT isoform expression has been shown to enhance proliferation and chemoresistance of cancer cells and correlates with increased risk of tumor development or aggressive phenotypes of several types of tumors.

scholarly journals Bilateral Vocal Cord Carcinoma in a Sarcoidosis Patient during Infliximab Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Adriane D. M. Vorselaars ◽  
Elisabeth V. Sjögren ◽  
Coline H. M. van Moorsel ◽  
Jan C. Grutters
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Infliximab Therapy ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Infliximab Treatment ◽  
Sarcoidosis Patient ◽  
Larynx Carcinoma ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction. Although the role of TNF-αin tumor development is not fully understood, an increased risk of malignancy with TNF-α-inhibitors, such as infliximab, has been suggested.Case Presentation. We present a 54-year-old nonsmoking female sarcoidosis patient. After seven months of infliximab therapy a T1aN0M0 larynx carcinoma of the right vocal cord was found and excised. Within a year, whilst still on treatment, a second larynx carcinoma of the opposite vocal cord appeared.Discussion. A bilateral vocal cord tumor is rare, especially in a never smoker. Evidence on the role of infliximab in carcinogenesis is inconclusive. To date, there are no follow-up studies evaluating malignancy risk of infliximab therapy in sarcoidosis patients. No studies in other diseases focus on laryngeal carcinomas during infliximab use. We argue that infliximab treatment might have attributed to the rapid progression of vocal cord carcinomas in this patient with an a priori low risk tumor profile. This case illustrates that caution remains warranted in patients with previous malignancies when considering initiation of TNF-α-inhibitors.

scholarly journals Role of ADAMTS16 metalloproteinase in pathogenesis of cryptorchidism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Gerszon ◽  
Jacek Kabziński ◽  
Piotr Kucharski ◽  
Ireneusz Majsterek ◽  
Jerzy K. Niedzielski
Keyword(s):  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Cremaster Muscle ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hernial Sac ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Testis Descent ◽  
Lower Expression

IntroductionThe etiology of cryptorchidism is still not fully elucidated, but several hypotheses have been proposed. One of the latest concerns is the involvement of metalloproteinase ADAMTS16 in testis descent. The aim of this study was to evaluate both expression and occurrence of selected polymorphisms of metalloproteinase ADAMTS16 in patients diagnosed with cryptorchidism.Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 158 boys (mean age: 4.1 ±2.04 years) who underwent surgery due to undescended testis. Tissue samples from patients with cryptorchidism were obtained from the cremaster muscle, gubernaculum and hernial sac. The reference group consisted of 123 age-related subjects (mean age: 4.1 ±2.41 years) who had no cryptorchidism and underwent surgery for other reasons. Tissue samples from controls were obtained from the cremaster muscle and hernial sac.ResultsThe obtained data indicate that patients with undescended testis have significantly lower expression of Adamts16, especially in the gubernaculum. We also demonstrated a tendency that Adamts16 expression depends on the age of patients; the older the patient was, the higher was the observed expression of Adamts16. These studies also established that polymorphisms rs16875319, rs16875122, and rs58353460 in the Adamts16 gene are not a major determinant to develop cryptorchidism while rs16875054 is associated with increased risk.ConclusionsThese studies highlight ADAMTS16 involvement in cryptorchidism and confirm data obtained in animal models.

Role of endothelial cells in bovine mammary gland health and disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie E. Ryman ◽  
Nandakumar Packiriswamy ◽  
Lorraine M. Sordillo
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Affected Tissue

AbstractThe bovine mammary gland is a dynamic and complex organ composed of various cell types that work together for the purpose of milk synthesis and secretion. A layer of endothelial cells establishes the blood–milk barrier, which exists to facilitate the exchange of solutes and macromolecules necessary for optimal milk production. During bacterial challenge, however, endothelial cells divert some of their lactation function to protect the underlying tissue from damage by initiating inflammation. At the onset of inflammation, endothelial cells tightly regulate the movement of plasma components and leukocytes into affected tissue. Unfortunately, endothelial dysfunction as a result of exacerbated or sustained inflammation can negatively affect both barrier integrity and the health of surrounding extravascular tissue. The objective of this review is to highlight the role of endothelial cells in supporting milk production and regulating optimal inflammatory responses. The consequences of endothelial dysfunction and sustained inflammation on milk synthesis and secretion are discussed. Given the important role of endothelial cells in orchestrating the inflammatory response, a better understanding of endothelial function during mastitis may support development of targeted therapies to protect bovine mammary tissue and mammary endothelium.

The Role of Stat3 in Apoptosis and Mammary Gland Involution

2005 ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S Chapman ◽  
Paula Lourenco ◽  
Elizabeth Tonner ◽  
David Flint ◽  
Stefan Selbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Involution

Production of parathyroid hormone-related protein by the rat mammary gland in pregnancy and lactation

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. E1077-E1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rakopoulos ◽  
S. J. Vargas ◽  
M. T. Gillespie ◽  
P. W. Ho ◽  
H. Diefenbach-Jagger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland ◽  
In Pregnancy

Production of parathyroid hormone-related protein by the rat mammary gland in pregnancy and lactation. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Endocrinol. Metab. 26): E1077-E1085, 1992.--Production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) by the mammary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats has been examined using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to detect PTHrP and PTHrP mRNA, respectively. PTHrP and PTHrP mRNA could be demonstrated in nests of epithelial cells of the developing mammary gland at day 14 of pregnancy and in the epithelial secretory cells lining the alveoli during the latter stages of pregnancy and during lactation. A specific radioimmunoassay was also used to measure the concentration of PTHrP secreted in the milk throughout lactation. The concentration of PTHrP in milk was relatively low initially but increased during the latter stages of lactation, whereas calcium concentrations remained virtually constant throughout lactation. No correlation was found between the concentrations of calcium and PTHrP in rat milk. These results show that PTHrP is present in rat milk and also in mammary tissue before parturition, and therefore it may assist in the development of the mammary gland during pregnancy.

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