scholarly journals Genome Organization in and around the Nucleolus

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Bersaglieri ◽  
Raffaella Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fate Decision

The nucleolus is the largest substructure in the nucleus, where ribosome biogenesis takes place, and forms around the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) that comprise ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Each cell contains hundreds of rRNA genes, which are organized in three distinct chromatin and transcriptional states—silent, inactive and active. Increasing evidence indicates that the role of the nucleolus and rRNA genes goes beyond the control of ribosome biogenesis. Recent results highlighted the nucleolus as a compartment for the location and regulation of repressive genomic domains and, together with the nuclear lamina, represents the hub for the organization of the inactive heterochromatin. In this review, we aim to describe the crosstalk between the nucleolus and the rest of the genome and how distinct rRNA gene chromatin states affect nucleolus structure and are implicated in genome stability, genome architecture, and cell fate decision.

S1-1 Role of intrinsic and extrinsic determinants in cell fate decision during neural development

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S2
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Okano ◽  
Kazunobu Sawamoto ◽  
Masataka Okabe ◽  
Takao Imai ◽  
Shin-Ichi Sakakibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Cell Fate Decision ◽  
Fate Decision

scholarly journals Structural features of two major nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), Nor-B1 and Nor-B2 , and chromosome-specific rRNA gene expression in wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Handa ◽  
Hiroyuki Kanamori ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tanaka ◽  
Kazuki Murata ◽  
Fuminori Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Rrna Gene

scholarly journals The role of RHOA signaling in trophectoderm cell-fate decision in cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 528 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
Nanami Kohri ◽  
Hiroki Akizawa ◽  
Sakie Iisaka ◽  
Hanako Bai ◽  
Masashi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Fate Decision ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
Rhoa Signaling

scholarly journals Role of Multiparameter Analysis of AgNORs in FNA Smears of Thyroid Swellings in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Lesions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ismail Hossain ◽  
Md Quamrul Hassan ◽  
Pradip Bhattacharjee ◽  
M. Shahab Uddin Ahamad ◽  
Zillur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Staining Protocol ◽  
Size Grade ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Multiparameter Analysis

Background. The aim of this study is to assess the role of multiparameter analysis of silver (Ag)-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) technique on aspiration smears of thyroid swellings to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. Materials and Methods. Aspiration smears from 166 cases of thyroid swellings were examined. Diagnosis was confirmed by histology in 61 cases. AgNOR staining was done on FNA smears according to silver-staining protocol proposed by the International Committee for AgNOR quantification. Multiparameter analysis of AgNORs such as mAgNOR, pAgNOR, and AgNOR size grade was done on 50–100 cells under oil immersion lens. Results. AgNOR parameter of benign and malignant thyroid lesions was compared and was found to be statistically significant. Out of 157 satisfactory AgNOR stained cases, 148 (94.3%) were benign lesions and 9 (5.7%) cases were malignant lesions. In AgNOR analysis, sensitivity was found to be 83.33%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 98.21%, and accuracy was 98.36%. Conclusions. AgNOR analysis in the FNA smears is a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective method for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid swellings.

The role of Wnt/b-catenin-signalling for cell fate decision in megakaryopoiesis of the haematopoietic system

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S57
Author(s):  
Burak Hasan Yalcin ◽  
Jadranka Macas ◽  
Eliza Wiercinska ◽  
Patrick Harter ◽  
Malak Fawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Fate Decision ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
Haematopoietic System

Comparative cytogenetic analysis of Avena macrostachya and diploid C-genome Avena species

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina D. Badaeva ◽  
Olga Yu. Shelukhina ◽  
Axel Diederichsen ◽  
Igor G. Loskutov ◽  
Vitaly A. Pukhalskiy
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Genome Group ◽  
26S Rrna

The chromosome set of Avena macrostachya Balansa ex Coss. et Durieu was analyzed using C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA gene probes, and the results were compared with the C-genome diploid Avena L. species. The location of major nucleolar organizer regions and 5S rDNA sites on different chromosomes confirmed the affiliation of A. macrostachya with the C-genome group. However, the symmetric karyotype, the absence of “diffuse heterochromatin”, and the location of large C-band complexes in proximal chromosome regions pointed to an isolated position of A. macrostachya from other Avena species. Based on the distribution of rDNA loci on the C-genome chromosomes of diploid and polyploid Avena species, we propose a model of the chromosome alterations that occurred during the evolution of oat species.

scholarly journals Structure and function of ribosomal RNA gene chromatin

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Birch ◽  
Joost C.B.M. Zomerdijk
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Rna Polymerase I ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pol I ◽  
And Function ◽  
Polymerase I ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation ◽  
Cellular Control

Transcription of the major ribosomal RNAs by Pol I (RNA polymerase I) is a key determinant of ribosome biogenesis, driving cell growth and proliferation in eukaryotes. Hundreds of copies of rRNA genes are present in each cell, and there is evidence that the cellular control of Pol I transcription involves adjustments to the number of rRNA genes actively engaged in transcription, as well as to the rate of transcription from each active gene. Chromatin structure is inextricably linked to rRNA gene activity, and the present review highlights recent advances in this area.

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