scholarly journals Cellular Metabolic Regulation in the Differentiation and Function of Regulatory T Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Chen ◽  
Jacob Colello ◽  
Wael Jarjour ◽  
Song Zheng
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Metabolism ◽  
And Function

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The activity and function of Tregs are in large part determined by various intracellular metabolic processes. Recent findings have focused on how intracellular metabolism can shape the development, trafficking, and function of Tregs. In this review, we summarize and discuss current research that reveals how distinct metabolic pathways modulate Tregs differentiation, phenotype stabilization, and function. These advances highlight numerous opportunities to alter Tregs frequency and function in physiopathologic conditions via metabolic manipulation and have important translational implications.

scholarly journals Regulatory T cells in acute and chronic kidney diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (5) ◽  
pp. F679-F698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Sharma ◽  
Gilbert R. Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases

Foxp3-expressing CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) make up one subset of the helper T cells (Th) and are one of the major mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Tregs prevent abnormal activation of the immune system throughout the lifespan, thus protecting from autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have elucidated the role of Tregs beyond autoimmunity. Tregs play important functions in controlling not only innate and adaptive immune cell activation, but also regulate nonimmune cell function during insults and injury. Inflammation contributes to a multitude of acute and chronic diseases affecting the kidneys. This review examines the role of Tregs in pathogenesis of renal inflammatory diseases and explores the approaches for enhancing Tregs for prevention and therapy of renal inflammation.

scholarly journals Interleukin-21 in Viral Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9521
Author(s):  
Hironobu Asao
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
And Function

Interleukin (IL)-21 is a cytokine that affects the differentiation and function of lymphoid and myeloid cells and regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition to regulating the immune response to tumor and viral infections, IL-21 also has a profound effect on the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-21 is produced mainly from CD4+ T cells—in particular, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells—which have a great influence on the regulation of antibody production. It is also an important cytokine for the activation of CD8+ T cells, and its role in recovering the function of CD8+ T cells exhausted by chronic microbial infections and cancer has been clarified. Thus, IL-21 plays an extremely important role in viral infections, especially chronic viral infections. In this review, I will introduce the findings to date on how IL-21 is involved in some typical viral infections and the potential of treating viral diseases with IL-21.

scholarly journals Induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: a potential new weapon to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Lan ◽  
H. Fan ◽  
V. Quesniaux ◽  
B. Ryffel ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases
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