scholarly journals The role of FOXP3+regulatory T cells in human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohr ◽  
M. Atif ◽  
R. Balderas ◽  
G. Gorochov ◽  
M. Miyara
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases

scholarly journals Regulatory T cells in acute and chronic kidney diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (5) ◽  
pp. F679-F698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Sharma ◽  
Gilbert R. Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases

Foxp3-expressing CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) make up one subset of the helper T cells (Th) and are one of the major mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Tregs prevent abnormal activation of the immune system throughout the lifespan, thus protecting from autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have elucidated the role of Tregs beyond autoimmunity. Tregs play important functions in controlling not only innate and adaptive immune cell activation, but also regulate nonimmune cell function during insults and injury. Inflammation contributes to a multitude of acute and chronic diseases affecting the kidneys. This review examines the role of Tregs in pathogenesis of renal inflammatory diseases and explores the approaches for enhancing Tregs for prevention and therapy of renal inflammation.

scholarly journals Cellular Metabolic Regulation in the Differentiation and Function of Regulatory T Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Chen ◽  
Jacob Colello ◽  
Wael Jarjour ◽  
Song Zheng
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Metabolism ◽  
And Function

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The activity and function of Tregs are in large part determined by various intracellular metabolic processes. Recent findings have focused on how intracellular metabolism can shape the development, trafficking, and function of Tregs. In this review, we summarize and discuss current research that reveals how distinct metabolic pathways modulate Tregs differentiation, phenotype stabilization, and function. These advances highlight numerous opportunities to alter Tregs frequency and function in physiopathologic conditions via metabolic manipulation and have important translational implications.

scholarly journals Midkine in Inflammation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2491-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig T. Weckbach ◽  
Takashi Muramatsu ◽  
Barbara Walzog
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

The 13 kDa heparin-binding growth factor midkine (MK) was originally identified as a molecule involved in the orchestration of embryonic development. Recent studies provided evidence for a new role of MK in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Accordingly, several inflammatory diseases including nephritis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, colitis, and autoimmune encephalitis have been shown to be alleviated in the absence of MK in animal models. Reduced leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation was found to be one important mechanism attenuating chronic inflammation when MK was absent. Furthermore, MK was found to modulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the expansion of regulatory T-cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of MK in different inflammatory disorders and summarize the knowledge of MK biology.

scholarly journals The Role of TL1A and DR3 in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Aiba ◽  
Minoru Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Tnf Superfamily ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A), which binds its cognate receptor DR3 and the decoy receptor DcR3, is an identified member of the TNF superfamily. TL1A exerts pleiotropic effects on cell proliferation, activation, and differentiation of immune cells, including helper T cells and regulatory T cells. TL1A and its two receptors expression is increased in both serum and inflamed tissues in autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Polymorphisms of theTNFSF15gene that encodes TL1A are associated with the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, leprosy, and autoimmune diseases, including IBD, AS, and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In mice, blocking of TL1A-DR3 interaction by either antagonistic antibodies or deletion of the DR3 gene attenuates the severity of multiple autoimmune diseases, whereas sustained TL1A expression on T cells or dendritic cells induces IL-13-dependent small intestinal inflammation. This suggests that modulation of TL1A-DR3 interaction may be a potential therapeutic target in several autoimmune diseases, including IBD, RA, AS, and PBC.

scholarly journals Induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: a potential new weapon to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Lan ◽  
H. Fan ◽  
V. Quesniaux ◽  
B. Ryffel ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases

scholarly journals The role of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and IDO+ immune and tumor cells in malignant melanoma – an immunohistochemical study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Salmi ◽  
Anton Lin ◽  
Benjamin Hirschovits-Gerz ◽  
Mari Valkonen ◽  
Niina Aaltonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Melanoma Progression

Abstract Background FoxP3+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) participate in the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in malignant cutaneous melanoma (CM). Recent studies have reported that IDO expression correlates with poor prognosis and greater Breslow’s depth, but results concerning the role of FoxP3+ Tregs in CM have been controversial. Furthermore, the correlation between IDO and Tregs has not been substantially studied in CM, although IDO is known to be an important regulator of Tregs activity. Methods We investigated the associations of FoxP3+ Tregs, IDO+ tumor cells and IDO+ stromal immune cells with tumor stage, prognostic factors and survival in CM. FoxP3 and IDO were immunohistochemically stained from 29 benign and 29 dysplastic nevi, 18 in situ -melanomas, 48 superficial and 62 deep melanomas and 67 lymph node metastases (LNMs) of CM. The number of FoxP3+ Tregs and IDO+ stromal immune cells, and the coverage and intensity of IDO+ tumor cells were analysed. Results The number of FoxP3+ Tregs and IDO+ stromal immune cells were significantly higher in malignant melanomas compared with benign lesions. The increased expression of IDO in melanoma cells was associated with poor prognostic factors, such as recurrence, nodular growth pattern and increased mitotic count. Furthermore, the expression of IDO in melanoma cells was associated with reduced recurrence˗free survival. We further showed that there was a positive correlation between IDO+ tumor cells and FoxP3+ Tregs. Conclusions These results indicate that IDO is strongly involved in melanoma progression. FoxP3+ Tregs also seems to contribute to the immunosuppressive TME in CM, but their significance in melanoma progression remains unclear. The positive association of FoxP3+ Tregs with IDO+ melanoma cells, but not with IDO+ stromal immune cells, indicates a complex interaction between IDO and Tregs in CM, which demands further studies.

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