scholarly journals Three Active Phytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves of Albizia richardiana (Voigt.) King and Prain for the Development of Bioherbicides to Control Weeds

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2385
Author(s):  
Kawsar Hossen ◽  
Kaori Ozaki ◽  
Toshiaki Teruya ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Albizia Richardiana ◽  
Global Population

The global population is increasing day by day. To meet the food demand for such a huge number of people, crop production must increase without damaging the environment, and to prevent synthetic chemical herbicides from polluting the environment, controlling weeds using bioherbicides is essential. Accordingly, using phytotoxic substances obtained from plants for biological weed management has attracted attention. The plant Albizia richardiana possesses phytotoxic compounds that have been previously recorded. Hence, we have conducted this research to characterize more phytotoxic compounds in Albizia richardiana. Aqueous methanolic extracts of Albizia richardiana plant significantly restricted the growth of the examined plants lettuce and Italian ryegrass in a species- and concentration-dependent manner. Three active phytotoxic compounds were isolated through various chromatographic methods and identified as compound 1, 2, and 3. Compound 3 exhibited stronger phytotoxic potentials than the other two compounds and significantly suppressed the growth of Lepidium sativum (cress). The concentration of the compounds required for 50% growth reduction (I50 value) of the Lepidium sativum seedlings ranged between 0.0827 to 0.4133 mg/mL. The results suggest that these three phytotoxic compounds might contribute to the allelopathic potential of Albizia richardiana.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic effects of Cerbera manghas L. leaf extracts on seedling elongation of four monocot and four dicot test species

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichsan Nurul Bari ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

Exploration of allelochemicals with phytotoxic effects is intended to minimize a current dependency on synthetic herbicides in weed management. Several allelochemicals from the tropical tree <em>Cerbera manghas</em> (sea mango) have been reported as termiticides and bactericides. The present study investigated possible phytotoxic effects of <em>C. manghas</em> leaf extracts under laboratory conditions. Four monocots: barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>), foxtail fescue (<em>Vulpia myuros</em>), Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum</em>), and timothy (<em>Phleum pratense</em>) and four dicots: alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em>), garden cress (<em>Lepidium sativum</em>), lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>), and rapeseed (<em>Brassica napus</em>) were used as test species. Elongation of both shoots and roots of seedlings was measured to assess any phytotoxic effects. The results showed that the sensitivities of shoots and roots were different between the test species, and the inhibition of seedling elongation significantly increased with increasing concentration of leaf extracts of <em>C. manghas</em> for all the test species. The IC<sub>50</sub> (50% inhibitory concentration) values showed that 8.50–32.30 and 4.26–34.67 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL<sup>−1</sup> of <em>C. manghas</em> inhibited seedling elongation by 50%, for shoots and roots respectively. Isolation and identification of the phytotoxic substances from <em>C. manghas</em> are suggested for future investigation.

scholarly journals Twenty Traditional Algerian Plants Used in Diabetes Therapy as Strong Inhibitors of α-Amylase Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihcen Khacheba ◽  
Amar Djeridane ◽  
Mohamed Yousfi
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Extract ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

In the present work, we have studied the inhibitory effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of six Algerian medicinal plants known by their therapeutic virtues against diabetes. The total phenolic compounds content, assayed using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, of the samples ranged from 0.183 mg/g to 43.088 mg/g and from 1.197 mg/g to 7.445 mg/g, expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE), for the, respectively, whereas the total flavonoids concentrations, detected using 2% of the aluminium chloride, ranged from 0.41 mg/g to 11.613 mg/g and from 0.0097 mg/g to 1.591 mg/g, expressed as rutin equivalents (RE), for the aqueous and methanolic extracts, respectively. The major plants were found to inhibit enzymatic activities of Aspergillus oryzae-amylase in a concentration dependent manner. The values of the inhibition constants (Ki) have been determined according to the Dixon and Lineweaver-Burk methods. The results showed that the Ki values were less than 55 ppm for the all extracts. A strong inhibition was found in the phenolic extract of Salvia officinalis with a Ki of 8 ppm.

scholarly journals In vitro Activity of Ozoroa pulcherrima Schweinf. Extracts and Fractions on Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae and Adult Worms

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nestor Gipwe Feussom ◽  
Hermine Boukeng Jatsa ◽  
Mérimé Christian Kenfack ◽  
Emilienne Tienga Nkondo ◽  
Ulrich Membe Femoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Effective Drugs

Aims: Continuous attempts are being made to develop new and more effective drugs for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Ozoroa pulcherrima Schweinf. is a medicinal plant used in Africa for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, dystocia and intestinal helminthiasis. This study provides findings on the cercaricidal and schistosomicidal activity of extracts and fractions of Ozoroa pulcherrima in in vitro assays. Methodology: The aqueous and methanolic extracts from Ozoroa pulcherrima root parts (62.5 – 2000 µg/mL), as well as the methanol derived fractions (n-hexane and ethyl acetate: 31.25 – 1000 µg/mL) were tested on cercariae and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Niclosamide-olamine 5% (1 µg/mL) and praziquantel (10 µg/mL) were respectively used as reference drugs. During the assays, the mortality of cercariae after 2 hours, and adult worms’ mobility and mortality after 48 hours of incubation were evaluated. Results: Ozoroa pulcherrima extracts and fractions significantly increased cercariae and worm mortality in a concentration-dependent manner. The methanolic extract was the most active on cercariae with a LC50of 20.65 µg/mL after 30 minutes, while the n-hexane fraction was the most active on worm with a LC50 of 79.54 μg/mL (65.58 – 96.47 μg/mL) after 48 hours. Significant reduction of motor activity (18.47 to 100%) was recorded for surviving worms incubated in different concentrations of the extracts and fractions. Conclusion: This study proves that Ozoroa pulcherrima extracts and fractions have cercaricidal and schistosomicidal activities. Ozoroa pulcherrima may have great potential as an anti-schistosomal agent for further research.

scholarly journals Determination of allelopathic properties of Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd.

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2050-2059
Author(s):  
Kawsar HOSSEN ◽  
Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Test Plants

Plants possessing allelopathic potential could be used as a source of bio-herbicide to help decrease the use of synthetic herbicides. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd., a deciduous tree from the Mimosaceae family, has been reported to have medicinal properties. However, there have been no reports on the allelopathy of this tree. Therefore, the leaf extracts of A. catechu were examined for allelopathic potential using six concentrations: 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1. The aqueous methanol extracts of A. catechu significantly suppressed the seedling growth of six test plants such as alfalfa, cress, lettuce, barnyard grass, Italian ryegrass, and timothy. The extracts inhibited the six test plants in a concentration-dependent manner. The shoot and root growth of all the test plant species were completely inhibited from the concentration of 0.3 g of dry weight equivalent extract mL-1, except the shoot growth of barnyard grass. Concentrations needed for 50% growth inhibition (I50 values) ranged from 0.004 to 0.043 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1 for shoot growth, and 0.003 to 0.019 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1 for root growth. Moreover, the I50 values indicated that the root growth of all the test plants was more susceptible to the A. catechu extracts than the shoot growth. The inhibitory effects of the extracts of A. catechu suggest that the extracts may contain allelopathic potential and, therefore, may be a potential candidate for the isolation and characterization of allelochemicals to develop an ecofriendly bio-herbicide.

ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PUNICA GRANATUM LINN. IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
U. S Patil ◽  
◽  
D. D. Bandawane ◽  
K. H. Bibave ◽  
P. D. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

The present study was undertaken to evaluate antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of leaves of Punica granatum. The aqueous and methanolic extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) of the leaves were tested for their efficacy in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Glibenclamide (4 mg/kg), p.o. and insulin (5 unit/kg s.c.) were used as standard drugs. The maximum reduction in fasting blood glucose in diabetic rats was observed with aqueous extract as compared to methanolic extract. Oral glucose tolerance test in normal rats showed reduction in fasting blood glucose level at 60 min of extract administration. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of leaves of Punica granatum exhibited scavenging effect in concentration dependent manner on 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and reducing power assay. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard. The findings of the present study suggested that Punica granatum possess significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity.

Allelopathic potential of marshpepper residues for weed management and yield of transplant Aman rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
SK Pramanik ◽  
MR Uddin ◽  
UK Sarker ◽  
D Sarkar ◽  
F Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
Hand Weeding

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from June to December 2016 to evaluate the effect of marshpepper (Polygonum hydropiper L.)  crop residues on weed management and crop performance of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of three cultivars viz.  BR11, BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan49 and five marshpepper crop residues treatment such as 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ton ha-1 and hand weeding. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Five weed species belonging to four families infested the experimental plots. Weed population and weed dry weight were significantly affected by cultivar and crop residues treatment. The highest percent inhibition of all the studied weed was found by hand weeding. The second highest percent weed inhibition was found with the application of marshpepper residues at 3.0 t ha-1 which was 63.43, 63.43, 52.85, 52.40 and 59.12 percent for sabuj nakful (Cyperus difformis), chesra (Scirpus juncoides), shama (Echinochloa crusgalli) panikachu (Monochoria vaginalis) and panishapla (Nymphaea nouchali ) respectively. The maximum weed growth was noticed with the cultivar BRRI dhan33 variety and the minimum was found in the cultivar BRRI dhan49. The grain yield as well as the yield contributing characters produced by BRRI dhan49 was the highest among the studied varieties. The highest reduction of grain yield was obtained in no crop residue treatment. The highest number of effective tillers hill-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain and straw yields were observed in marshpepper residues in hand weeding followed by 3.0 t ha-1 marshpepper crop residue. BRRI dhan49 produced the highest grain and straw yields under hand weeding followed by marshpepper residues 3.0 t ha-1 treatment. Results of this study indicate that marshpepper residues showed potentiality to inhibit weed growth and it has a significant effect on the yield of transplant aman rice. Therefore, marshpepper residues might be used as an alternative way for weed management effective and sustainable crop production. Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 379-386, 2019

scholarly journals Uterotonic Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Lannea Acida in Wistar Rats: An in Vitro Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
esther simo ngadjui ◽  
Jibril Yves Kouam ◽  
Georges Romeo Fozin Bonsou ◽  
Aimé Césaire Tetsatsi Momo ◽  
Patrick Brice Defo Deeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Oxytocin Receptors

Abstract Background: Lannea acida (Anacardiaceae), commonly called Kikié in the Noun division (West-Cameroon), is a tree whose bark is used locally to solve difficult childbirth. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro uterotonic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of L. acida in female Wistar rats. Uterine strips isolated from female rats pretreated (48h) with oestradiol (5μg) were mounted in a single-organ bath containing a well aerated and thermostated De Jalon solution (37°C). The effects of L. acida extracts were recorded in a non-cumulative manner after application. The effect of the methanolic extract (the most active extract) was monitored in the presence of atosiban (a competitive antagonist of oxytocin receptors), atropine (a specific type 3 muscarinic receptor antagonist), nifedipine (an L-type calcium channel antagonist) and 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-ADB, a specific antagonist of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors type 1), and in calcium-free medium containing EGTA. Results: L. acidainduced uterine contraction in a concentration-dependent manner with the methanolic extract (1.506 ± 0.032 gf) being the most effective. Administration of atosiban (2 μmol/l), atropine (1 μmol/l), nifedipine (5 μmol), 2-APB (100 μmol), and calcium free medium containing EGTA (2 mmol) reduced the contractile effect of L. acida. Complete inhibition was observed with nifedipine, 2-APB, and calcium free medium containing EGTA.Conclusions: These results suggest that L. acida possesses an uterotonic effect mediated through oxytocin receptors with mobilization of extracellular calcium.

scholarly journals Effect of Serjania lethalis ethanolic extract on weed control

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.U. Grisi ◽  
S.C.J. Gualtieri ◽  
S. Anese ◽  
V.C. Pereira ◽  
M.R. Forim
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Serjania lethalis leaves and stems on the diaspore germination and seedling growth of wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). The crude ethanolic extract was prepared from 100 g of dry plant material dissolved in 500 ml of ethanol. The extracts were solubilized in a buffer solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations of 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5 mg mL-1. The effect of these extracts was compared with herbicide oxyfluorfen in bioassays. The ethanolic extracts of S. lethalis leaves and stems inhibited the germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass and wild poinsettia in a concentration-dependent manner. The reduction in the root length of E. heterophylla seedlings might be attributed to the reduced elongation of metaxylem cells. The phytotoxicity of the extracts ranged according to the receptor species, and for some variables, the inhibitory effect was similar, and even superior, to that of the commercial herbicide. Thus, S. lethalis extracts might be a promising alternative for sustainable weed management.

scholarly journals Bioherbicidal Activity and Metabolic Profiling of Potent Allelopathic Plant Fractions Against Major Weeds of Wheat—Way Forward to Lower the Risk of Synthetic Herbicides

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Anwar ◽  
Saadia Naseem ◽  
Saira Karimi ◽  
Muhammad Rafique Asi ◽  
Ahmed Akrem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

The productivity of major field crops is highly compromised due to weed infestation. Inefficient weed management practices and undue and excessive use of chemical herbicides have drastically contaminated the environment and human health, in addition to resistance development in weed species. Therefore, utilization of allelopathic plants to explore phytochemicals as potent organic alternatives to such chemical herbicides has become indispensable. The current study evaluates the comparative bio-herbicidal potential of methanolic extracts of castor (Ricinus communis), artemisia (Artemisia santolinifolia), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to suppress growth of major weeds, i.e., wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and carrot grass (Parthenium hysterophorus). The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect on weeds’ growth. Overall, in vitro seed germination was reduced from 60 to 100% in response to 5% (w/v) extract concentration. Significant reduction in radicle length, hypocotyl length, and fresh biomass of the weeds was also observed. A strong inhibitory effect was seen in in vivo pot experiments, revealing that application of 10–20% methanolic extracts induced permanent wilting and substantial reduction in the chlorophyll content of weeds along with 20–80% increase in oxidative stress. Artemisia showed the most significant allelopathic effect, on account of highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, followed by castor, wheat, and sorghum, against S. arvensis, L. multiflorum, and P. hysterophorus, respectively. Phytochemical analysis, through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), also exhibited a correlation between extract’s phytotoxicity and their antioxidant potential due to their major constituents (rutin, quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid), among the total of 13 identified in methanolic fractions. Comprehensive profiling of allelochemicals with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) determined 120, 113, 90, and 50 derivates of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and alkaloids, reported for the first time through this study, demonstrating significant allelopathic potential of the targeted plant fractions, which can be explored further to develop a sustainable bio-herbicidal formulation.

scholarly journals Volatiles Profiling, Allelopathic Activity, and Antioxidant Potentiality of Xanthium Strumarium Leaves Essential Oil from Egypt: Evidence from Chemometrics Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Gawad ◽  
Abdelsamed Elshamy ◽  
Abd El Gendy ◽  
Ahmed Gaara ◽  
Abdulaziz Assaeed
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

The essential oil (EO) of Xanthium strumarium L. leaves (family: Asteraceae) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-three essential compounds were identified. The sesquiterpenoids represented the major constituents (72.4%), including oxygenated (61.78%) and non-oxygenated (10.62%) sesquiterpenes, followed by monoterpenes (25.19%). The diterpenoids and oxygenated hydrocarbons were determined as minor compounds. The main constituents of the EO were 1,5-dimethyltetralin (14.27%), eudesmol (10.60%), l-borneol (6.59%), ledene alcohol (6.46%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (5.36%), isolongifolene, 7,8-dehydro-8a-hydroxy (5.06%), L-bornyl acetate (3.77%), and aristolene epoxide (3.58%). A comparative analysis was stated here between the EO of Egyptian X. strumarium and those previously reported from Pakistan, Iran, and Brazil based on chemometic tools such as principal components analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The EO of X. strumarium showed weak 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC50 321.93 µL/L−1, which was comparable to ascorbic acid as a reference. However, the EO exhibited significant allelopathic potential regarding the germination and growth of the noxious weed Bidens pilosa in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, further study is recommended to characterize the EO from X. strumarium as an eco-friendly green bioherbicide against weeds, as well as determine their mode of actions.

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