scholarly journals The Impact of Glucose-Lowering Drugs on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
The Impact

The age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function is defined sarcopenia. Mounting evidence suggests that the prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and different mechanisms may be responsible for this association such as impaired insulin sensitivity, chronic hyperglycemia, advanced glycosylation end products, subclinical inflammation, microvascular and macrovascular complications. Glucose-lowering drugs prescribed for patients with T2DM might impact on these mechanisms leading to harmful or beneficial effect on skeletal muscle. Importantly, beyond their glucose-lowering effects, glucose-lowering drugs may affect per se the equilibrium between protein anabolism and catabolism through several mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle physiology, contributing to sarcopenia. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the effects of glucose-lowering drugs on sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, focusing on the parameters used to define sarcopenia: muscle strength (evaluated by handgrip strength), muscle quantity/quality (evaluated by appendicular lean mass or skeletal muscle mass and their indexes), and physical performance (evaluated by gait speed or short physical performance battery). Furthermore, we also describe the plausible mechanisms by which glucose-lowering drugs may impact on sarcopenia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Antidiabetic Agents on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Ning Wu ◽  
Kai-Jen Tien
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
The Impact

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. Contributing factors include nutritional, genetic, inflammatory, and endocrinal factors. The reported prevalence of sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is high, especially in patients with poor glycemic control. Additionally, antidiabetic agents may alter the balance between protein synthesis and degradation through various mechanisms of skeletal muscle mass regulation. This study reviewed the literature on the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in diabetes mellitus and the current understanding of whether antidiabetic agents contribute positively or negatively to sarcopenia and muscle wasting.

Androgen Therapy in Male Patients Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Benefits and Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Mortaza F. Hassanabad ◽  
Mohammad Fatehi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Androgen Therapy ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current estimated numbers of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is believed to be close to 10% of the whole populations of many geographical regions, causing serious concerns over the resulting elevated morbidity and mortality as well as the impact on health care systems around the world. In addition to negatively affecting the quality of life, diabetes is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, indicating that appropriate drug therapy should not only deal with metabolic dysfunction but also protect the vascular system, kidney function and skeletal muscle mass from the effects of the epigenetic changes induced by hyperglycaemia. Objective: To provide an insight into the management of hypogonadism associated with T2D, this review focuses on clinical observations related to androgen therapy in qualified diabetic patients, and discusses the lines of evidence for its benefits and risks. The potential interactions of testosterone with medicines used by patients with T2D will also be discussed. Conclusion: From recent clinical findings, it became evident that a considerable percentage of patients suffering from T2D manifested low serum testosterone and experienced diminished sexual activity, as well as reduced skeletal muscle mass and lower bone density. Although there are some controversies, Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) for this particular population of patients appears to be beneficial overall only if it is implemented carefully and monitored regularly.

The BMI and skeletal muscle mass as a risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Hwa Kim ◽  
Soo-Kyung Kim ◽  
Young-Ju Choi ◽  
Seok-Won Park ◽  
Eun-Jig Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis

771-P: Protein Intake at Breakfast Contributes to Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Japanese Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 771-P
Author(s):  
SODAI KUBOTA ◽  
HITOSHI KUWATA ◽  
SAKI OKAMOTO ◽  
DAISUKE YABE ◽  
KENTA MUROTANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Japanese Elderly

scholarly journals Association between skeletal muscle mass and insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Shishikura ◽  
Keiji Tanimoto ◽  
Satoshi Sakai ◽  
Yoshimi Tanimoto ◽  
Jungo Terasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Association with Lifestyle Patterns in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (P01-025-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana de Paula ◽  
Mauren de Freitas ◽  
Vanessa Lopes ◽  
Maria Elisa Miller ◽  
Karen Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in elderly with type 2 diabetes (DM) in southern Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 240 patients with type 2 DM. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was performed according to EWGSOP criteria. Muscle mass was calculated by skeletal muscle mass index (appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height² - Inbody® bioimpendance). Muscle strength was assessed by manual grip strength (Jamar® dynamometer) and physical performance was assessed by the sit and lift test. Patients with type 2 DM with age ≥60 years and with the ability to ambulate were selected. Patients with recent cardiovascular events, serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dl, use of corticosteroids and BMI >40 kg/m² were excluded. The sample size was 240 patients based on meta-analysis who found 17% sarcopenia in elderly patients without DM. Results We included 240 patients aged 68.4 ± 5.5 years, 53.2% were women and the duration of DM was 15 (8–22) years, the BMI was 29.4 ± 4.4 kg/m². The prevalence of sarcopenia was 21% and men had more sarcopenia (75%). Patients with sarcopenia walk less [3541 (2227–4574) vs. 4521 (3037–5678) steps, P = 0.013], drink more alcohol [21 (56.8%) vs. 71 (31.8%); P < 0.034] and have lower total cholesterol levels [146 ± 41 Vs. 168 ± 43; P = 0.007] than the group without sarcopenia. In multivariate logistic regression models, walking < 3760 steps [OR = 2868; CI 95% 1.331–6.181] and male [OR = 5285; CI 95% 2261–12,350], were associated with sarcopenia. Conclusions The prevalence of sarcopenia was 21%, higher than in patients without diabetes (17%). In this group of patients, lower physical activity, and male sex were associated with sarcopenia. Funding Sources FIPE n. 160467; CAPES.

scholarly journals Japanese radio calisthenics prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass volume in people with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kimura ◽  
Takuro Okamura ◽  
Keiko Iwai ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Takafumi Senmaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
The Difference

ObjectiveReduction of muscle mass and strength is an important treatment target for patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have reported that high-intensity resistance training improves physical function; however, all patients found it difficult to perform high-intensity resistance training. Radio calisthenics, considered as therapeutic exercises to promote health in Japan, are simple exercises that can be performed regardless of age and help move the muscles and joints of the whole body effectively according to the rhythm of radio. We investigated the efficacy of radio calisthenics for muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes in this retrospective cohort study.Research design and methodsA total of 42 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). We defined the change of SMI as the difference of SMI between the beginning and end of hospitalization.ResultsAmong 42 patients, 15 (11 men and 4 women) performed radio calisthenics. Body weights of both radio calisthenics exercisers and non-exercisers decreased during hospitalization. The change of SMI was significantly lesser in radio calisthenics exercisers than in non-exercisers (7.1±1.4 to 7.1±1.3, –0.01±0.09 vs 6.8±1.1 to 6.5±1.2, –0.27±0.06 kg/m2, p=0.016). The proportion of decreased SMI was 85.2% (23/27 patients) in non-radio calisthenics exercisers, whereas that in radio calisthenics exercisers was 46.7% (7/15 patients).ConclusionsRadio calisthenics prevent the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, radio calisthenics can be considered effective for patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Mass Ratio as an Index for Sarcopenia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Ryo Shimizu ◽  
Yusuke Tando ◽  
Asami Yokoyama ◽  
Miyuki Yanagimachi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise Habit on Skeletal Muscle Mass Varies with Protein Intake in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Ayumi Kaji ◽  
Ryosuke Sakai ◽  
Fuyuko Takahashi ◽  
Rena Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Exercise Habit

Exercise has been reported to be effective in maintaining and recovering muscle; however, the effect of exercise combined with adequate or inadequate protein intake on muscle mass is not clear. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of exercise habit on changes in muscle mass, with adequate or inadequate protein intake. This retrospective cohort study included 214 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. The rate of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) change (%) was defined as ((SMI at follow-up minus SMI at baseline)/(follow-up years [kg/m2/year] × SMI at baseline [kg/m2])) × 100. Adequate protein intake was defined as protein intake ≥1.2 g/kg ideal body weight/day. During a mean follow-up duration of 18.0 (7.1) months, the rate of SMI change was −1.14 (4.10)% in the whole sample. The rate of SMI change of non-habitual exercisers with inadequate protein intake, habitual exercisers with inadequate protein intake, non-habitual exercisers with adequate protein intake, and habitual exercisers with adequate protein intake was −1.22 (3.71), −2.31 (3.30), −1.88 (4.62), and 0.36 (4.29)%, respectively. Compared with patients with exercise habit and adequate protein intake, the odds ratio for decreasing SMI was 2.50 (0.90–6.90, p = 0.078) in patients with no exercise habit and inadequate protein intake, 3.58 (1.24–10.4, p = 0.019) in those with exercise habit and inadequate protein intake, and 3.03 (1.27–7.22, p = 0.012) in those with no exercise habit and adequate protein intake, after adjusting for covariates. Therefore, exercise habit without adequate protein intake was associated with an increased risk of decreasing SMI compared with exercise habit with adequate protein intake.

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