scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins: Connectors between Heart and Kidney

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Carolina Victória Cruz Junho ◽  
Carolina Amaral Bueno Azevedo ◽  
Regiane Stafim da Cunha ◽  
Ainhoa Rodriguez de Yurre ◽  
Emiliano Medei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Type 3

Over the development of eukaryotic cells, intrinsic mechanisms have been developed in order to provide the ability to defend against aggressive agents. In this sense, a group of proteins plays a crucial role in controlling the production of several proteins, guaranteeing cell survival. The heat shock proteins (HSPs), are a family of proteins that have been linked to different cellular functions, being activated under conditions of cellular stress, not only imposed by thermal variation but also toxins, radiation, infectious agents, hypoxia, etc. Regarding pathological situations as seen in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), HSPs have been shown to be important mediators involved in the control of gene transcription and intracellular signaling, in addition to be an important connector with the immune system. CRS is classified as acute or chronic and according to the first organ to suffer the injury, which can be the heart (CRS type 1 and type 2), kidneys (CRS type 3 and 4) or both (CRS type 5). In all types of CRS, the immune system, redox balance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and tissue remodeling have been the subject of numerous studies in the literature in order to elucidate mechanisms and propose new therapeutic strategies. In this sense, HSPs have been targeted by researchers as important connectors between kidney and heart. Thus, the present review has a focus to present the state of the art regarding the role of HSPs in the pathophysiology of cardiac and renal alterations, as well their role in the kidney–heart axis.

scholarly journals The Pathophysiological Role of Heat Shock Response in Autoimmunity: A Literature Review

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2626
Author(s):  
Ariadni Androvitsanea ◽  
Kostas Stylianou ◽  
Eleni Drosataki ◽  
Ioannis Petrakis
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Shock Proteins

Within the last two decades, there has been increasing evidence that heat-shock proteins can have a differential influence on the immune system. They can either provoke or ameliorate immune responses. This review focuses on outlining the stimulatory as well as the inhibitory effects of heat-shock proteins 27, 40, 70, 65, 60, and 90 in experimental and clinical autoimmune settings.

The Role of Heat Shock Proteins and Their Receptors in the Activation of the Immune System

2001 ◽  
Vol 382 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpreet Singh-Jasuja ◽  
Norbert Hilf ◽  
Danièle Arnold-Schild ◽  
Hansjörg Schild
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Shock Proteins

scholarly journals Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Protection from and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Zügel ◽  
Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Protein Unfolding ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Stressed Cells ◽  
Shock Proteins

SUMMARY Increased synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsp) occurs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells when they are exposed to stress. By increasing their hsp content, cells protect themselves from lethal assaults, primarily because hsp interfere with the uncontrolled protein unfolding that occurs under stress. However, hsp are not produced only by stressed cells; some hsp are synthesized constitutively and perform important housekeeping functions. Accordingly, hsp are involved in the assembly of molecules which play important roles in the immune system. It is not surprising that due to their wide distribution and their homology among different species, hsp represent target antigens of the immune response. Frequent confrontation of the immune system with conserved regions of hsp which are shared by various microbial pathogens can potentiate antimicrobial immunity. However, long-term confrontation of the immune system with hsp antigens which are similar in the host and invaders may convert the immune response against these host antigens and promote autoimmune disease. This review provides an overview of the role of hsp in immunity with a focus on infectious and autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins and Regulatory T Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Brenu ◽  
D. R. Staines ◽  
L. Tajouri ◽  
T. Huth ◽  
K. J. Ashton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diseased State ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are important molecules required for ideal protein function. Extensive research on the functional properties of HSPs indicates that HSPs may be implicated in a wide range of physiological functions including immune function. In the immune system, HSPs are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, cytokine release, and apoptosis. Therefore, the ability of the immune system, in particular immune cells, to function optimally and in unison with other physiological systems is in part dependent on signaling transduction processes, including bidirectional communication with HSPs. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important T cells with suppressive functions and impairments in their function have been associated with a number of autoimmune disorders. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between HSPs and Tregs. The interrelationship between cells and proteins may be important in cellular functions necessary for cell survival and expansion during diseased state.

Heat-shock proteins as activators of the innate immune system

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P.A Wallin ◽  
Andreas Lundqvist ◽  
Solveig H Moré ◽  
Arne von Bonin ◽  
Rolf Kiessling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Shock Proteins
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