scholarly journals Immunology of Cell Death in Cancer Immunotherapy

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Galluzzi ◽  
Abhishek D. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Anticancer Immunity

Over the last two decades, a large volume of studies has established that dying and dead cancer cells exert a potent immunomodulatory effect on their immediate microenvironment, which has a major influence on the anticancer immunity [...]

scholarly journals Necroptosis in Immuno-Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sprooten ◽  
Pieter De Wijngaert ◽  
Isaure Vanmeerbeek ◽  
Shaun Martin ◽  
Peter Vangheluwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Necrotic Cell Death ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Necrotic Cell ◽  
Cell Death Pathway ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockers ◽  
Anticancer Immunity

Immune-checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have revolutionized oncology and firmly established the subfield of immuno-oncology. Despite this renaissance, a subset of cancer patients remain unresponsive to ICBs due to widespread immuno-resistance. To “break” cancer cell-driven immuno-resistance, researchers have long floated the idea of therapeutically facilitating the immunogenicity of cancer cells by disrupting tumor-associated immuno-tolerance via conventional anticancer therapies. It is well appreciated that anticancer therapies causing immunogenic or inflammatory cell death are best positioned to productively activate anticancer immunity. A large proportion of studies have emphasized the importance of immunogenic apoptosis (i.e., immunogenic cell death or ICD); yet, it has also emerged that necroptosis, a programmed necrotic cell death pathway, can also be immunogenic. Emergence of a proficient immune profile for necroptosis has important implications for cancer because resistance to apoptosis is one of the major hallmarks of tumors. Putative immunogenic or inflammatory characteristics driven by necroptosis can be of great impact in immuno-oncology. However, as is typical for a highly complex and multi-factorial disease like cancer, a clear cause versus consensus relationship on the immunobiology of necroptosis in cancer cells has been tough to establish. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of necroptosis immunobiology with specific focus on immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy.

Immunogenic cell death inducers for enhanced cancer immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Li ◽  
Xiaohan Liu ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Important Method

Inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells is an important method to improve the immunogenicity of tumor for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, we discuss the ICD process and then...

scholarly journals In Vitro Examinations of Cell Death Induction and the Immune Phenotype of Cancer Cells Following Radiative-Based Hyperthermia with 915 MHz in Combination with Radiotherapy

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Michael Hader ◽  
Simon Streit ◽  
Andreas Rosin ◽  
Thorsten Gerdes ◽  
Martin Wadepohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Immune Phenotype ◽  
Mcf 7

Multimodal tumor treatment settings consisting of radiotherapy and immunomodulating agents such as immune checkpoint inhibitors are more and more commonly applied in clinics. In this context, the immune phenotype of tumor cells has a major influence on the anti-tumor immune response as well as the composition of the tumor microenvironment. A promising approach to further boost anti-tumor immune responses is to add hyperthermia (HT), i.e., heating the tumor tissue between 39 °C to 45 °C for 60 min. One key technique is the use of radiative hyperthermia systems. However, knowledge is limited as to how the frequency of the used radiative systems affects the immune phenotype of the treated tumor cells. By using our self-designed in vitro hyperthermia system, we compared cell death induction and expression of immune checkpoint molecules (ICM) on the tumor cell surface of murine B16 melanoma and human MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells following HT treatment with clinically relevant microwaves at 915 MHz or 2.45 GHz alone, radiotherapy (RT; 2 × 5 Gy or 5 × 2 Gy) alone or in combination (RHT). At 44 °C, HT alone was the dominant cell death inductor with inactivation rates of around 70% for B16, 45% for MDA‑MB‑231 and 35% for MCF-7 at 915 MHz and 80%, 60% and 50% at 2.45 GHz, respectively. Additional RT resulted in 5–15% higher levels of dead cells. The expression of ICM on tumor cells showed time-, treatment-, cell line- and frequency-dependent effects and was highest for RHT. Computer simulations of an exemplary spherical cell revealed frequency-dependent local energy absorption. The frequency of hyperthermia systems is a newly identified parameter that could also affect the immune phenotype of tumor cells and consequently the immunogenicity of tumors.

scholarly journals So many ways to naturally kill a cancer cell

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Mitchison
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Cancer Immunosurveillance

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells participate in cancer immunosurveillance and cancer immunotherapy. Live cell imaging of cancer cells targeted by NK cells, published today in BMC Biology by Zhu et al., reveals a remarkable diversity of programmed cell death pathways induced in individual cells. Pathway choice depends on the state of the target cell actin cytoskeleton and a novel death pathway, granzyme-induced necroptosis, could be of broad importance in cancer immunotherapy.

A cell membrane vehicle co-delivering sorafenib and doxorubicin remodel the tumor microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy by inducing immunogenic cell death in lung cancer cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 7755-7765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wan ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Zhanpeng Rao ◽  
Xiean Ling
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
A Cell

Cancer immunotherapy is a promising approach for cancer therapy but is usually hindered by the inhibition of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

scholarly journals Immunogenic Cell Death-Based Cancer Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Zhu Jin ◽  
Xi-Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Vaccination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Cancer immunotherapy has achieved great advancement in the past decades. Whereas, its response is largely limited in immunologically cold tumors, in an urgent need to be solve. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that inducing immunogenic cell deaths (ICDs) is an attractive approach to activate antitumor immunity. Upon specific stress, cancer cells undergo ICDs and dying cancer cells release danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), produce neoantigens and trigger adaptive immunity. ICDs exert a cancer vaccine-like effect and Inducement of ICDs mimics process of cancer vaccination. In this review, we propose a concept of ICD-based cancer vaccines and summarize sources of ICD-based cancer vaccines and their challenges, which may broaden the understandings of ICD and cancer vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.

Activation of the intrinsic-apoptotic pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by genistein- topotecan combination treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Hörmann ◽  
Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani ◽  
James Kumi-Diaka ◽  
Appu Rathinavelu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Combination Treatments

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in American men. The development of alternative preventative and/or treatment options utilizing a combination of phytochemicals and chemotherapeutic drugs could be an attractive alternative compared to conventional carcinoma treatments. Genistein isoflavone is the primary dietary phytochemical found in soy and has demonstrated anti-tumor activities in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Topotecan Hydrochloride (Hycamtin) is an FDA-approved chemotherapy for secondary treatment of lung, ovarian and cervical cancers. The purpose of this study was to detail the potential activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells through genistein-topotecan combination treatments. Methods: LNCaP cells were cultured in complete RPMI medium in a monolayer (70-80% confluency) at 37ºC and 5% CO2. Treatment consisted of single and combination groups of genistein and topotecan for 24 hours. The treated cells were assayed for i) growth inhibition through trypan blue exclusion assay and microphotography, ii) classification of cellular death through acridine/ ethidium bromide fluorescent staining, and iii) activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through Jc-1: mitochondrial membrane potential assay, cytochrome c release and Bcl-2 protein expression.Results: The overall data indicated that genistein-topotecan combination was significantly more efficacious in reducing the prostate carcinoma’s viability compared to the single treatment options. In all treatment groups, cell death occurred primarily through the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.Conclusion: The combination of topotecan and genistein has the potential to lead to treatment options with equal therapeutic efficiency as traditional chemo- and radiation therapies, but lower cell cytotoxicity and fewer side effects in patients. Key words: topotecan; genistein; intrinsic apoptotic cell death

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