scholarly journals Short-Term Amygdala Low-Frequency Stimulation Does not Influence Hippocampal Interneuron Changes Observed in the Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
István Mihály ◽  
Tímea Molnár ◽  
Ádám-József Berki ◽  
Réka-Barbara Bod ◽  
Károly Orbán-Kis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pilocarpine Model ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Period ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Deep Brain

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is characterized by changes in interneuron numbers in the hippocampus. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging tool to treat TLE seizures, although its mechanisms are not fully deciphered. We aimed to depict the effect of amygdala DBS on the density of the most common interneuron types in the CA1 hippocampal subfield in the lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Status epilepticus was induced in male Wistar rats. Eight weeks later, a stimulation electrode was implanted to the left basolateral amygdala of both pilocarpine-treated (Pilo, n = 14) and age-matched control rats (n = 12). Ten Pilo and 4 control animals received for 10 days 4 daily packages of 50 s 4 Hz regular stimulation trains. At the end of the stimulation period, interneurons were identified by immunolabeling for parvalbumin (PV), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Cell density was determined in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus using confocal microscopy. We found that PV+ cell density was preserved in pilocarpine-treated rats, while the NPY+/nNOS+ cell density decreased significantly. The amygdala DBS did not significantly change the cell density in healthy or in epileptic animals. We conclude that DBS with low frequency applied for 10 days does not influence interneuron cell density changes in the hippocampus of epileptic rats.

Stuttering in Parkinson’s disease after deep brain stimulation: A note on dystonia and low-frequency stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Marcelo D. Mendonça ◽  
Raquel Barbosa ◽  
Alexandra Seromenho-Santos ◽  
Carla Reizinho ◽  
Paulo Bugalho
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition delays low-frequency stimulation-induced satellite cell activation in rat fast-twitch muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J.B. Martins ◽  
Ian MacLean ◽  
Gordon K. Murdoch ◽  
Walter T. Dixon ◽  
Charles T. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Oxide Synthase

This study examined the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition via Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) administration on low-frequency stimulation-induced satellite cell (SC) activation in rat skeletal muscle. l-NAME only delayed stimulation-induced increases in SC activity. Also, stimulation-induced increases in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA and protein expression were only abrogated at the mRNA level in l-NAME–treated animals. Therefore, early stimulation-induced SC activation appears to be NOS-dependent, while continued activation may involve NOS-independent HGF translational control mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effect of low-frequency deep brain stimulation on sensory thresholds in Parkinson's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Belasen ◽  
Khizer Rizvi ◽  
Lucy E. Gee ◽  
Philip Yeung ◽  
Julia Prusik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Mechanical Detection ◽  
Stn Dbs ◽  
Deep Brain

OBJECTIVE Chronic pain is a major distressing symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that is often undertreated. Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivers high-frequency stimulation (HFS) to patients with PD and has been effective in pain relief in a subset of these patients. However, up to 74% of patients develop new pain concerns while receiving STN DBS. Here the authors explore whether altering the frequency of STN DBS changes pain perception as measured through quantitative sensory testing (QST). METHODS Using QST, the authors measured thermal and mechanical detection and pain thresholds in 19 patients undergoing DBS via HFS, low-frequency stimulation (LFS), and off conditions in a randomized order. Testing was performed in the region of the body with the most pain and in the lower back in patients without chronic pain. RESULTS In the patients with chronic pain, LFS significantly reduced heat detection thresholds as compared with thresholds following HFS (p = 0.029) and in the off state (p = 0.010). Moreover, LFS resulted in increased detection thresholds for mechanical pressure (p = 0.020) and vibration (p = 0.040) compared with these thresholds following HFS. Neither LFS nor HFS led to changes in other mechanical thresholds. In patients without chronic pain, LFS significantly increased mechanical pain thresholds in response to the 40-g pinprick compared with thresholds following HFS (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Recent literature has suggested that STN LFS can be useful in treating nonmotor symptoms of PD. Here the authors demonstrated that LFS modulates thermal and mechanical detection to a greater extent than HFS. Low-frequency stimulation is an innovative means of modulating chronic pain in PD patients receiving STN DBS. The authors suggest that STN LFS may be a future option to consider when treating Parkinson's patients in whom pain remains the predominant complaint.

Changes of skeletal muscle proteases activities during a chronic low-frequency stimulation period

2001 ◽  
Vol 442 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde Parreño ◽  
Albert Pol ◽  
Joan Cadefau ◽  
Joan Parra ◽  
Luisa Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Period

scholarly journals Amygdala Low-Frequency Stimulation Reduces Pathological Phase-Amplitude Coupling in the Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
István Mihály ◽  
Károly Orbán-Kis ◽  
Zsolt Gáll ◽  
Ádám-József Berki ◽  
Réka-Barbara Bod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Interictal Epileptiform Discharge ◽  
Seizure Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pilocarpine Model ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Phase Amplitude

Temporal-lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of drug-resistant epilepsy and warrants the development of new therapies, such as deep-brain stimulation (DBS). DBS was applied to different brain regions for patients with epilepsy; however, the mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Therefore, we tried to characterize the effect of amygdala DBS on hippocampal electrical activity in the lithium-pilocarpine model in male Wistar rats. After status epilepticus (SE) induction, seizure patterns were determined based on continuous video recordings. Recording electrodes were inserted in the left and right hippocampus and a stimulating electrode in the left basolateral amygdala of both Pilo and age-matched control rats 10 weeks after SE. Daily stimulation protocol consisted of 4 × 50 s stimulation trains (4-Hz, regular interpulse interval) for 10 days. The hippocampal electroencephalogram was analyzed offline: interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) frequency, spectral analysis, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between delta band and higher frequencies were measured. We found that the seizure rate and duration decreased (by 23% and 26.5%) and the decrease in seizure rate correlated negatively with the IED frequency. PAC was elevated in epileptic animals and DBS reduced the pathologically increased PAC and increased the average theta power (25.9% ± 1.1 vs. 30.3% ± 1.1; p < 0.01). Increasing theta power and reducing the PAC could be two possible mechanisms by which DBS may exhibit its antiepileptic effect in TLE; moreover, they could be used to monitor effectiveness of stimulation.

Fatigue and damage to the masseter muscle by prolonged low-frequency stimulation in the rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konosuke Yamasaki ◽  
Shuitsu Harada ◽  
Itsuro Higuchi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Osame ◽  
Gakuji Ito
Keyword(s):  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation

scholarly journals MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX RESPONSE OF INDIVIDUAL MOTONEURONS AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY

1957 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. C. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Monosynaptic Reflex ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Of Stimulation

An assemblage of individual motoneurons constituting a synthetic motoneuron pool has been studied from the standpoint of relating monosynaptic reflex responses to frequency of afferent stimulation. Intensity of low frequency depression is not a simple function of transmitter potentiality. As frequency of stimulation increases from 3 per minute to 10 per second, low frequency depression increases in magnitude. Between 10 and approximately 60 per second low frequency depression apparently diminishes and subnormality becomes a factor in causing depression. At frequencies above 60 per second temporal summation occurs, but subnormality limits the degree of response attainable by summation. At low stimulation frequencies rhythm is determined by stimulation frequency. Interruptions of rhythmic firing depend solely upon temporal fluctuation of excitability. At high frequency of stimulation rhythm is determined by subnormality rather than inherent rhythmicity, and excitability fluctuation leads to instability of response rhythm. In short, whatever the stimulation frequency, random excitability fluctuation is the factor disrupting rhythmic response. Monosynaptic reflex response latency is stable during high frequency stimulation as it is in low frequency stimulation provided a significant extrinsic source of random bombardment is not present. In the presence of powerful random bombardment discharge may become random with respect to monosynaptic afferent excitation provided the latter is feeble. When this occurs it does so equally at low frequency and high frequency. Thus temporal summation is not a necessary factor. There is, then, no remaining evidence to suggest that the agency for temporal summation in the monosynaptic system becomes a transmitting agency in its own right.

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