scholarly journals Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Verena Pawolski ◽  
Mirko H. H. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Precursors ◽  
Pancreatic Progenitors ◽  
Schwann Cell Precursors ◽  
Sacral Neural Crest

The enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest part of the peripheral nervous system. In recent years, ENS development and its neurogenetic capacity in homeostasis and allostasishave gained increasing attention. Developmentally, the neural precursors of the ENS are mainly derived from vagal and sacral neural crest cell portions. Furthermore, Schwann cell precursors, as well as endodermal pancreatic progenitors, participate in ENS formation. Neural precursors enherite three subpopulations: a bipotent neuron-glia, a neuronal-fated and a glial-fated subpopulation. Typically, enteric neural precursors migrate along the entire bowel to the anal end, chemoattracted by glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and endothelin 3 (EDN3) molecules. During migration, a fraction undergoes differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Hedgehog and Notch signalling. The fully formed adult ENS may react to injury and damage with neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Nevertheless, the origin of differentiating cells is currently under debate. Putative candidates are an embryonic-like enteric neural progenitor population, Schwann cell precursors and transdifferentiating glial cells. These cells can be isolated and propagated in culture as adult ENS progenitors and may be used for cell transplantation therapies for treating enteric aganglionosis in Chagas and Hirschsprung’s diseases.

Analysis of the Sacral Neural Crest Cell Contribution to the Hindgut Enteric Nervous System in the Mouse Embryo

2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 992-1002.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Alex K.K. Chan ◽  
Mai Har Sham ◽  
Alan J. Burns ◽  
Wood Yee Chan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Sacral Neural Crest ◽  
Crest Cell

Copper sulphate forms in piglet diets: Microbiota, intestinal morphology and enteric nervous system glial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Di Giancamillo ◽  
Raffaella Rossi ◽  
Piera Anna Martino ◽  
Lucia Aidos ◽  
Federica Maghin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Intestinal Morphology

In ovo transplantation of enteric nervous system precursors from vagal to sacral neural crest results in extensive hindgut colonisation

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 2785-2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Burns ◽  
Jean-Marie M. Delalande ◽  
Nicole M. Le Douarin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Sacral Region ◽  
Enteric Ganglia ◽  
Migration Front ◽  
Sacral Neural Crest

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is derived from vagal and sacral neural crest cells (NCC). Within the embryonic avian gut, vagal NCC migrate in a rostrocaudal direction to form the majority of neurons and glia along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract, whereas sacral NCC migrate in an opposing caudorostral direction, initially forming the nerve of Remak, and contribute a smaller number of ENS cells primarily to the distal hindgut. In this study, we have investigated the ability of vagal NCC, transplanted to the sacral region of the neuraxis, to colonise the chick hindgut and form the ENS in an experimentally generated hypoganglionic hindgut in ovo model. Results showed that when the vagal NC was transplanted into the sacral region of the neuraxis, vagal-derived ENS precursors immediately migrated away from the neural tube along characteristic pathways, with numerous cells colonising the gut mesenchyme by embryonic day (E) 4. By E7, the colorectum was extensively colonised by transplanted vagal NCC and the migration front had advanced caudorostrally to the level of the umbilicus. By E10, the stage at which sacral NCC begin to colonise the hindgut in large numbers, myenteric and submucosal plexuses in the hindgut almost entirely composed of transplanted vagal NCC, while the migration front had progressed into the pre-umbilical intestine, midway between the stomach and umbilicus. Immunohistochemical staining with the pan-neuronal marker, ANNA-1, revealed that the transplanted vagal NCC differentiated into enteric neurons, and whole-mount staining with NADPH-diaphorase showed that myenteric and submucosal ganglia formed interconnecting plexuses, similar to control animals. Furthermore, using an anti-RET antibody, widespread immunostaining was observed throughout the ENS, within a subpopulation of sacral NC-derived ENS precursors, and in the majority of transplanted vagal-to-sacral NCC. Our results demonstrate that: (1) a cell autonomous difference exists between the migration/signalling mechanisms used by sacral and vagal NCC, as transplanted vagal cells migrated along pathways normally followed by sacral cells, but did so in much larger numbers, earlier in development; (2) vagal NCC transplanted into the sacral neuraxis extensively colonised the hindgut, migrated in a caudorostral direction, differentiated into neuronal phenotypes, and formed enteric plexuses; (3) RET immunostaining occurred in vagal crest-derived ENS cells, the nerve of Remak and a subpopulation of sacral NCC within hindgut enteric ganglia.

scholarly journals BMP signaling is necessary for neural crest cell migration and ganglion formation in the enteric nervous system

2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M. Goldstein ◽  
Katherine C. Brewer ◽  
Adele M. Doyle ◽  
Nandor Nagy ◽  
Drucilla J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Neural Crest Cell Migration ◽  
Crest Cell

scholarly journals Vital dye labelling demonstrates a sacral neural crest contribution to the enteric nervous system of chick and mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Serbedzija ◽  
S. Burgan ◽  
S.E. Fraser ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Vital Dye ◽  
Dorsal Portion ◽  
Sacral Neural Crest

We have used the vital dye, DiI, to analyze the contribution of sacral neural crest cells to the enteric nervous system in chick and mouse embryos. In order to label premigratory sacral neural crest cells selectively, DiI was injected into the lumen of the neural tube at the level of the hindlimb. In chick embryos, DiI injections made prior to stage 19 resulted in labelled cells in the gut, which had emerged from the neural tube adjacent to somites 29–37. In mouse embryos, neural crest cells emigrated from the sacral neural tube between E9 and E9.5. In both chick and mouse embryos, DiI-labelled cells were observed in the rostral half of the somitic sclerotome, around the dorsal aorta, in the mesentery surrounding the gut, as well as within the epithelium of the gut. Mouse embryos, however, contained consistently fewer labelled cells than chick embryos. DiI-labelled cells first were observed in the rostral and dorsal portion of the gut. Paralleling the maturation of the embryo, there was a rostral-to-caudal sequence in which neural crest cells populated the gut at the sacral level. In addition, neural crest cells appeared within the gut in a dorsal-to-ventral sequence, suggesting that the cells entered the gut dorsally and moved progressively ventrally. The present results resolve a long-standing discrepancy in the literature by demonstrating that sacral neural crest cells in both the chick and mouse contribute to the enteric nervous system in the postumbilical gut.

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