Copper sulphate forms in piglet diets: Microbiota, intestinal morphology and enteric nervous system glial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Di Giancamillo ◽  
Raffaella Rossi ◽  
Piera Anna Martino ◽  
Lucia Aidos ◽  
Federica Maghin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Intestinal Morphology

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of the maturing larval zebrafish enteric nervous system reveals the formation of a neuropil pattern

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Baker ◽  
Matthew D. Meyer ◽  
Ashley Tsang ◽  
Rosa A. Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Enteric Ganglia

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract is constructed with an intrinsic series of interconnected ganglia that span its entire length, called the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS exerts critical local reflex control over many essential gut functions; including peristalsis, water balance, hormone secretions and intestinal barrier homeostasis. ENS ganglia exist as a collection of neurons and glia that are arranged in a series of plexuses throughout the gut: the myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus. While it is known that enteric ganglia are derived from a stem cell population called the neural crest, mechanisms that dictate final neuropil plexus organization remain obscure. Recently, the vertebrate animal, zebrafish, has emerged as a useful model to understand ENS development, however knowledge of its developing myenteric plexus architecture was unknown. Here, we examine myenteric plexus of the maturing zebrafish larval fish histologically over time and find that it consists of a series of tight axon layers and long glial cell processes that wrap the circumference of the gut tube to completely encapsulate it, along all levels of the gut. By late larval stages, complexity of the myenteric plexus increases such that a layer of axons is juxtaposed to concentric layers of glial cells. Ultrastructurally, glial cells contain glial filaments and make intimate contacts with one another in long, thread-like projections. Conserved indicators of vesicular axon profiles are readily abundant throughout the larval plexus neuropil. Together, these data extend our understanding of myenteric plexus architecture in maturing zebrafish, thereby enabling functional studies of its formation in the future.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 expression and regulation in rat enteric glial cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. G1163-G1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rühl ◽  
S. Franzke ◽  
S. M. Collins ◽  
W. Stremmel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Enteric Glial Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

As yet, little is known about the function of the glia of the enteric nervous system (ENS), particularly in an immune-stimulated environment. This prompted us to study the potential of cultured enteroglial cells for cytokine synthesis and secretion. Jejunal myenteric plexus preparations from adult rats were enzymatically dissociated, and enteroglial cells were purified by complement-mediated cytolysis and grown in tissue culture. Cultured cells were stimulated with recombinant rat interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 mRNA expression and secretion were assessed using RT-PCR and a bioassay, respectively. Stimulation with TNF-α did not affect IL-6 mRNA expression, whereas IL-1β stimulated IL-6 mRNA and protein synthesis in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, IL-6 significantly and dose-dependently suppressed IL-6 mRNA expression. In summary, we have presented evidence that enteric glial cells are a potential source of IL-6 in the myenteric plexus and that cytokine production by enteric glial cells can be regulated by cytokines. These findings strongly support the contention that enteric glial cells act as immunomodulatory cells in the enteric nervous system.

scholarly journals Homeostasis of mucosal glial cells in human gut is independent of microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timna Inlender ◽  
Einat Nissim-Eliraz ◽  
Rhian Stavely ◽  
Ryo Hotta ◽  
Allan M. Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Enteric Glial Cells ◽  
Developmental Dynamics ◽  
Human And Mouse

AbstractIn mammals, neural crest cells populate the gut and form the enteric nervous system (ENS) early in embryogenesis. Although the basic ENS structure is highly conserved across species, we show important differences between mice and humans relating to the prenatal and postnatal development of mucosal enteric glial cells (mEGC), which are essential ENS components. We confirm previous work showing that in the mouse mEGCs are absent at birth, and that their appearance and homeostasis depends on postnatal colonization by microbiota. In humans, by contrast, a network of glial cells is already present in the fetal gut. Moreover, in xenografts of human fetal gut maintained for months in immuno-compromised mice, mEGCs persist following treatment with antibiotics that lead to the disappearance of mEGCs from the gut of the murine host. Single cell RNAseq indicates that human and mouse mEGCs differ not only in their developmental dynamics, but also in their patterns of gene expression.

Quantitative assessment of glial cells in the human and guinea pig enteric nervous system with an anti-Sox8/9/10 antibody

2008 ◽  
Vol 509 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hoff ◽  
Florian Zeller ◽  
Claus Werner Hann von Weyhern ◽  
Michael Wegner ◽  
Michael Schemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Quantitative Assessment
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