scholarly journals Recent Development of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Glycerol is one of the most crucial by-products in the production of biodiesel, and owing to its oversaturation in the market, several synthetic strategies have been developed to transform it into other higher value-added products such as glycerol carbonate, epichlorohydrin, 1,3-propanediol, etc. Amongst them, glycerol carbonate is considered to be the most valuable product. Considering the facile separation and reusability of catalyst, heterogeneous base catalysts have attracted considerable attention due to the obvious advantages over Brϕnsted acid and homogeneous base catalysts in the transesterification of glycerol. Herein, we will give a short overview on the recent development of the heterogeneous catalysis in the transesterification of glycerol with dialkyl carbonate. Focus will be concentrated on the heterogeneous base catalysts including alkaline-earth metal oxides (MgO, CaO, and mixed oxides), hydrotalcites, zeolites, clinoptilolites, organic bases, etc. Their catalytic mechanisms during the heterogeneous process will be elucidated in detail.

Mixed oxides of Ca, Mg and Zn as heterogeneous base catalysts for the synthesis of palm kernel oil methyl esters

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasipim Limmanee ◽  
Thikumporn Naree ◽  
Kunchana Bunyakiat ◽  
Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

scholarly journals Research Trends in Development of Highly Active Single Metal Oxide Catalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Ceramist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Goune Choi ◽  
Bonjae Koo
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Of Methane ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Surface Basicity ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides ◽  
Single Metal Oxide

The conversion of methane to a value-added chemical is important for methane utilization and industrial demand for primary chemicals. Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons is one of the most attractive ways to use natural gas. However, it is difficult to obtain higher C2 yield in classic OCM reaction due to a favorable COx formation. Regarding this, various catalysts for OCM have been studied to fulfill desirable C2 yields. In this review, we briefly overview the single metal oxide types of OCM catalysts (alkaline-earth metal oxides and rare-earth metal oxides) and highlight the characteristics of catalysts in OCM reaction such as methane activation, surface basicity and lattice oxygen.

scholarly journals Vanillin conversion by aldol condensation using hydrotalcite Mg-Al and modified-Y zeolite as heterogeneous catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thai ◽  
Nguyen Thi Minh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Y Zeolites ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Mg-Alhydrotalcite, MgO-Al2O3 mixed oxides and modified-Y zeolite (sulfated Y zeolite and copper ion-exchanged Y zeolite) were prepared and characterized by XRD, EDX and XRF techniques. These materials were used as heterogeneous catalysts in aldol condensation of vanillin and acetone.The obtained results showed that the heterogeneous acid catalysts as modified-Y zeolites were more effective than the heterogeneous base catalysts as hydrotalcite Mg-Al and MgO-Al2O3 mixed oxides in aldol condensation reaction of vanillin. The highest conversion of vanillin was 95.5% when the reaction was carried out at 120oC in 5 hours, using sulfated Y zeolite. 

Basicities of alumina-supported alkaline earth metal oxides

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Chen ◽  
Hsueh-Ying Chen ◽  
Wen-Fa Lin
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides

scholarly journals Solvent-Free Benzylation of Glycerol by Benzyl Alcohol Using Heteropoly Acid Impregnated on K-10 Clay as Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Devendra P. Tekale ◽  
Ganapati D. Yadav ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Insight Into

Value addition to glycerol, the sole co-product in biodiesel production, will lead to reform of the overall biodiesel economy. Different valuable chemicals can be produced from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysis and these valuable chemicals are useful in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, soap, paints, and fine chemicals. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals using heterogeneous catalysis is a noteworthy area of research. Etherification of glycerol with alkenes or alcohols is an important reaction in converting glycerol to various value-added chemicals. This article describes reaction of glycerol with benzyl alcohol in solvent-free medium by using a clay supported modified heteropolyacid (HPA), Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 (Cs-DTP/K-10) as solid catalyst and its comparison with other catalysts in a batch reactor. Mono-Benzyl glycerol ether (MBGE) was the major product formed in the reaction along with formation of di-benzyl glycerol ether (DBGE). The effects of different parameters were studied to optimize the reaction parameters. This work provides an insight into characterization of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 catalyst by advanced techniques such as surface area measurement, X-ray analysis, ICP-MS, FT-IR, and SEM. Reaction products were characterized and confirmed by using the GCMS method. The kinetic model was developed from an insight into the reaction mechanism. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 18.84 kcal/mol.

Heterogeneous base catalysts: Synthesis and application for biodiesel production – A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 125054
Author(s):  
Mani Jayakumar ◽  
Natchimuthu Karmegam ◽  
Marttin Paulraj Gundupalli ◽  
Kaleab Bizuneh Gebeyehu ◽  
Belete Tessema Asfaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

scholarly journals Increased hole mobility in anti-ThCr2Si2-type La2O2Bi co-sintered with alkaline earth metal oxides for oxygen intercalation and hole carrier doping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Matsumoto ◽  
Hideyuki Kawasoko ◽  
Noriaki Kimura ◽  
Tomoteru Fukumura
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides ◽  
Oxygen Intercalation ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
Carrier Doping

Metallic anti-ThCr2Si2-type RE2O2Bi (RE = rare earth) with Bi square nets show superconductivity while insulating La2O2Bi shows high hole mobility, by expanding the c-axis length through oxygen intercalation. In this...

Heats of Formation of Alkali Metal and Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides and Hydroxides:  Surprisingly Demanding Targets for High-Level ab Initio Procedures

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 (29) ◽  
pp. 5617-5630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Sullivan ◽  
Mark A. Iron ◽  
Paul C. Redfern ◽  
Jan M. L. Martin ◽  
Larry A. Curtiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Heats Of Formation ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides ◽  
High Level
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