scholarly journals Advantageous Preparation of Digested Proteic Extracts from Spirulina platensis Biomass

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Verdasco-Martín ◽  
Lea Echevarrieta ◽  
Cristina Otero
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Pre Treatment

Spirulina biomass has great nutritional value, but its proteins are not as well adsorbed as animal ones are. New functional food ingredients and metabolites can be obtained from spirulina, using different selective biodegradations of its biomass. Four enzyme-assisted extraction methods were independently studied, and their best operation conditions were determined. Enzymes were employed to increase the yield of easily adsorbed proteic extracts. A biomass pre-treatment using Alcalase® (pH 6.5, 1% v/w, and 30 °C) is described, which increased the extraction yield of hydrophilic biocomponents by 90% w/w compared to the simple solvent extraction. Alcalase® gives rise to 2.5–6.1 times more amino acids than the others and eight differential short peptides (438–1493 Da). These processes were scaled up and the extracts were analyzed. Higher destruction of cell integrity in the case of Alcalase® was also visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The described extractive technology uses cheap, commercial, food grade enzymes and hexane, accepted for food and drug safety. It is a promising process for a competitive biofactory, thanks to an efficient production of extracts with high applied potential in the nutrition, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Emerging Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Phenolics: Opportunities and Challenges

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adane Tilahun Getachew ◽  
Charlotte Jacobsen ◽  
Susan Løvstad Holdt
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Natural phenolic compounds are important classes of plant, microorganism, and algal secondary metabolites. They have well-documented beneficial biological activities. The marine environment is less explored than other environments but have huge potential for the discovery of new unique compounds with potential applications in, e.g., food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. To survive in a very harsh and challenging environment, marine organisms like several seaweed (macroalgae) species produce and accumulate several secondary metabolites, including marine phenolics in the cells. Traditionally, these compounds were extracted from their sample matrix using organic solvents. This conventional extraction method had several drawbacks such as a long extraction time, low extraction yield, co-extraction of other compounds, and usage of a huge volume of one or more organic solvents, which consequently results in environmental pollution. To mitigate these drawbacks, newly emerging technologies, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have received huge interest from researchers around the world. Therefore, in this review, the most recent and emerging technologies are discussed for the extraction of marine phenolic compounds of interest for their antioxidant and other bioactivity in, e.g., cosmetic and food industry. Moreover, the opportunities and the bottleneck for upscaling of these technologies are also presented.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Industrial Scale Cannabis Extraction

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Marilena Radoiu ◽  
Harmandeep Kaur ◽  
Anna Bakowska-Barczak ◽  
Steven Splinter
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Cannabis is a flowering plant that has long been used for medicinal, therapeutic, and recreational purposes. Cannabis contains more than 500 different compounds, including a unique class of terpeno-phenolic compounds known as cannabinoids. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most extensively studied cannabinoids. They have been associated with the therapeutic and medicinal properties of the cannabis plant and also with its popularity as a recreational drug. In this paper, an industrial method for cannabis extraction using 915 MHz microwaves coupled with continuous flow operation is presented. The main advantages of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) are associated to the continuous-flow operation at atmospheric pressure which allows for higher volumes of biomass to be processed in less time than existing extraction methods, with improved extraction efficiency leading to increased final product yields, improved extract consistency and quality because the process does not require stopping and restarting material flows, and ease of scale-up to industrial scale without the use of pressurised batch vessels. Moreover, due to the flexibility of changing the operation conditions, MAE eliminates additional steps required in most extraction methods, such as biomass decarboxylation or winterisation, which typically adds at least a half day to the extraction process. Another factor that sets MAE apart is the ability to achieve high extraction efficiency, i.e., up to 95% of the active compounds from cannabis biomass can be recovered at industrial scale.

scholarly journals Microwave Extraction vs. Other Techniques for Industrial Scale Cannabis Extraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Radoiu ◽  
Harmandeep Kaur ◽  
Anna Bakowska-Barczak ◽  
Steven Splinter
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Cannabis is a flowering plant that has long been used for medicinal, therapeutic, and recreational purposes. Cannabis contains more than 500 different compounds, including a unique class of terpeno-phenolic compounds known as cannabinoids; Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most prevalent cannabinoids and have been associated with the therapeutic and medicinal properties of the cannabis plant. In this paper, continuous flow microwave assisted extraction (MAE) is presented and compared with other methods for commercial cannabis extraction. The practical issues of each extraction method are discussed. The main advantages of MAE are: continuous-flow method which allows for higher volumes of biomass to be processed in less time than existing extraction methods, improved extraction efficiency leading to increased final product yields, improved extract consistency and quality because the process does not require stopping and restarting material flows, and ease of scale-up to industrial scale without the use of pressurised batch vessels. Moreover, due to the flexibility of changing the operation conditions, MAE eliminates additional steps required in most extraction methods, such as biomass decarboxylation, winterisation, which typically adds at least a half day to the extraction process. Another factor that sets MAE apart is the ability to achieve high extraction efficiency even at the industrial scale. Whereas the typical recovery of active compounds using supercritical CO¬2 remains around 70-80%, via MAE up to 95% of the active compounds from cannabis biomass can be recovered at the industrial scale.

scholarly journals Antioxidants properties of Murraya koenigii: a comparative study of three different extraction methods

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
M.T. Parithy ◽  
Mohd Zin Z. ◽  
Hasmadi M. ◽  
N.D. Rusli ◽  
K.L. Smedley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries have been increasingly engaged in finding natural alternatives compounds as potential antioxidants. The use of phytochemicals is introduced as a good source of natural antioxidants. Murayya koenigii leaves, commonly used in cooking and traditional medicines have been examined for their remarkable antioxidant potential, yet still, it remains an understudied herb. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant properties and flavonoids profile in M. koenigii leaves extracted using; solvent assisted extraction (SAE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). The antioxidant properties of M. koenigii were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). M. koenigii leaves extracted using the UAE method have responded strongly towards a 2, 2-diphenyl -2-picryl-hydrazyl DPPH assay with the highest inhibition (%) of 78.00±1.00. Using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method assays, the M. koenigii leaves with the lowest absorbance were assigned as a sample with the highest antioxidant activity. The M. koenigii leaves extracted using UAE had the lowest absorbance with 0.01±0.00. In the TPC assay, the MAE method showed the highest total phenolic content (120.60±14.81 mg GAE/g sample). The TFC assay demonstrated that MAE methods have the highest total phenolic content (93.38±4.33 mg QE/g sample. The M. koenigii leaves extracted by MAE showed the highest gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, rutin and kaempferol concentration (mg/L). M. koenigii leaves subjected to SAE extraction has the highest concentration of p-coumaric acid, myricetin and quercetin (mg/L). This study found that M. koenigii leaves extracted using UAE exhibited better antioxidant activities than that of MAE and SAE. These useful findings have managed to narrow the knowledge gap regarding the effects of different extraction methods on the antioxidant property of M. koenigii.

scholarly journals Lycopene recovery from tomato peel under mild conditions assisted by enzymatic pre-treatment and non-ionic surfactants.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil H Papaioannou ◽  
Anastasios J Karabelas
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Enzymatic Pretreatment ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Surfactant Assisted

The tomato processing industry generates large quantities of tomato peel residues, usually creating environmental problems. These residues are a significant source of lycopene, thus providing an attractive alternative for profitable handling of these otherwise problematic by-products. The enzymatic pretreatment of these residues for lycopene recovery has already been employed, although the use of surfactants for enhancing the recovery has not been examined so far. The enzymatic pretreatment of tomato peels, using two commercially available pectinolytic enzyme preparations, was evaluated suggesting that there is an optimum pretreatment time of about 1 h, enzyme amount 250 Units/mL and no significant pH influence. Lycopene surfactant - assisted extraction was further investigated, showing that, among eight surfactants used, the most suitable was "Span 20", with an optimum ratio of 6-7 surfactant molecules per lycopene molecule. Sequential enzymatic pretreatment and surfactant-assisted extraction (30 min for each step) was evaluated leading to an improved lycopene extraction yield, with a somewhat smaller surfactant molar ratio (i.e. 4-5). In the latter case, the yield of lycopene recovery was almost four times greater compared to just 1 hr enzymatic pretreatment, and was approximately ten times greater compared to the recovery from untreated peels. Furthermore, such lipophilic compound recovery, avoiding the use of organic solvents, is environmentally attractive and ensures direct lycopene use in the food and cosmetics industries.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACTION FROM PURPLE BASIL LEAF BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Basak ebru Ozcan ◽  
Osman Sagdic ◽  
Salih Karasu ◽  
Kubra Ozkan ◽  
Alican Akcicek
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Extraction ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The present study aimed to determine the optimum extraction conditions of conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques to obtain maximum total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TAC) and antioxidant capacity (AA). Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to determine optimum points of CSE and MAE. Both two extraction methods, all parameters significantly affected TPC, AA, TFC and TAC (p<0.05). MAE showed higher bioactive compounds yield than that of CSE.  Optimum point for CSE and MAE was found to be 60°C and 30 min and 591.83 W and 2.98 min respectively. TPC, AA, TFC and TAC were obtained as 33.81mg/g, 160.27 mg/g, 11.89 mg/g and 331.01 mg/kg for CSE and 62.99 mg/g, 214.62 mg/g, 21.80 mg/g and 3462.93 mg/kg for MAE respectively. This study recommended that the MAE should be used for the extraction of PBL to increase phenolic extraction yield.

Comparison of Conventional and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Techniques for Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Coconut Husk

2019 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Attapon Nitiwattananon ◽  
Saipin Thanachasai
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Conventional Extraction

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was compared with conventional extraction methods, including conventional solvent extraction without agitation (CSE), conventional solvent extraction with agitation at 50 rpm (CSE50) and 150 rpm (CSE150), for the extraction of phenolic compounds from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) husk. The extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were examined. The antioxidant capacity of C. nucifera extracts was determined by using 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Experimental results showed that UAE gave the highest extraction yield, TPC, TFC and antioxidant capacities (ABTS and DPPH), followed by CSE150, CSE50 and CSE, respectively. UAE was found to be more effective than conventional extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction with higher agitation speed exhibited higher extraction efficiency than those with lower agitation speed and without agitation.

scholarly journals A Critical Review on Pulsed Electric Field: A Novel Technology for the Extraction of Phytoconstituents

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4893
Author(s):  
Muhammad Modassar A. N. Ranjha ◽  
Rabia Kanwal ◽  
Bakhtawar Shafique ◽  
Rai Naveed Arshad ◽  
Shafeeqa Irfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Cost Efficacy ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Different parts of a plant (seeds, fruits, flower, leaves, stem, and roots) contain numerous biologically active compounds called “phytoconstituents” that consist of phenolics, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins. The conventional techniques applied to extract these phytoconstituents have several drawbacks including poor performance, low yields, more solvent use, long processing time, and thermally degrading by-products. In contrast, modern and advanced extraction nonthermal technologies such as pulsed electric field (PEF) assist in easier and efficient identification, characterization, and analysis of bioactive ingredients. Other advantages of PEF include cost-efficacy, less time, and solvent consumption with improved yields. This review covers the applications of PEF to obtain bioactive components, essential oils, proteins, pectin, and other important materials from various parts of the plant. Numerous studies compiled in the current evaluation concluded PEF as the best solution to extract phytoconstituents used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. PEF-assisted extraction leads to a higher yield, utilizes less solvents and energy, and it saves a lot of time compared to traditional extraction methods. PEF extraction design should be safe and efficient enough to prevent the degradation of phytoconstituents and oils.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from the Leaves of Syringa oblate

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 309-312
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Yong Qiang Mao
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Solvent Volume

A simple and rapid microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technique for the extraction of flavonoids from the leaves of Syringa oblatewas developed. The influence of several extraction variabes on extraction yield of flavonoids were discussed. The optimum extraction conditions obtained were: 50% ethanol solution, 480 W microwave power, 6 min extraction time and 20:1 (mL/g) as the ratio of solvent volume to sample weight. Compared with conventional extraction methods, MAE is an efficient and rapid method for the extraction of the flavonoids from the leaves of Syringa oblate.

scholarly journals Seaweed Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides: Extraction, Purification and Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Javier Echave ◽  
Maria Fraga-Corral ◽  
Pascual Garcia-Perez ◽  
Jelena Popović-Djordjević ◽  
Edina H. Avdović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Solid Liquid

Seaweeds are industrially exploited for obtaining pigments, polysaccharides, or phenolic compounds with application in diverse fields. Nevertheless, their rich composition in fiber, minerals, and proteins, has pointed them as a useful source of these components. Seaweed proteins are nutritionally valuable and include several specific enzymes, glycoproteins, cell wall-attached proteins, phycobiliproteins, lectins, or peptides. Extraction of seaweed proteins requires the application of disruptive methods due to the heterogeneous cell wall composition of each macroalgae group. Hence, non-protein molecules like phenolics or polysaccharides may also be co-extracted, affecting the extraction yield. Therefore, depending on the macroalgae and target protein characteristics, the sample pretreatment, extraction and purification techniques must be carefully chosen. Traditional methods like solid–liquid or enzyme-assisted extraction (SLE or EAE) have proven successful. However, alternative techniques as ultrasound- or microwave-assisted extraction (UAE or MAE) can be more efficient. To obtain protein hydrolysates, these proteins are subjected to hydrolyzation reactions, whether with proteases or physical or chemical treatments that disrupt the proteins native folding. These hydrolysates and derived peptides are accounted for bioactive properties, like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, or antihypertensive activities, which can be applied to different sectors. In this work, current methods and challenges for protein extraction and purification from seaweeds are addressed, focusing on their potential industrial applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

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