scholarly journals Optimization and Tunability of 2D Graphene and 1D Carbon Nanotube Electrocatalysts Structure for PEM Fuel Cells

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeline Remy ◽  
Yohann. Thomas ◽  
Laure Guetaz ◽  
Frédéric Fouda-Onana ◽  
Pierre-André Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this work, N-doped Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Few Graphene Layers (FGLs) have been functionalized with platinum nanoparticles using two methods starting with hexachloroplatinic acid as precursor: (i) ethylene glycol (EG) reduction and (ii) impregnation followed by reduction in hydrogen atmosphere. Morphological scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses showed a homogenous dispersion of metal particles with narrow-size distribution onto both carbon supports (Pt/C loadings between 30 wt % and 40 wt %). Electrocatalytic properties of the as-synthetized catalysts toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) was evaluated in aqueous electrolyte using a three electrodes electrochemical cell by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in rotating disk electrode (RDE). It is shown that a mixture of Pt supported on MWCNT and FGLs allows to enhance both the electrochemical surface area and the activity of the catalyst layer. Ageing tests performed on that optimized active layer showed higher stability than conventional Pt/C.

Effect of Cobalt Loading in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon on Oxygen Reduction Reaction for PEM Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhou Chen ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Liang Wei Li ◽  
Han Bo Zou ◽  
Wei Ming Lin
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Nitrogen-doped carbon supported Co catalysts (CoNC) were synthesized via condensation reaction of pre-polymer of melamine formaldehyde resin with addition of cobalt nitrate salt, followed by carbonization in nitrogen. Rotating disk electrode technique (RDE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to identify the structure and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics of the catalysts. The results show that the catalysts with 3.77 wt% Co loading yield the best ORR catalytic activity. Koutecky-Levich plots indicate ORR mechanism is governed by mixed mechanisms and the measured electron number varies between 2 and 4. SEM image shows an irregular lamellar structure of CoNC catalyst formed at high temperature, and different Co loadings in CoNC catalyst do not change its surface morphology.

Investigation of a microporous iron(iii) porphyrin framework derived cathode catalyst in PEM fuel cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (40) ◽  
pp. 15621-15630 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Cantillo ◽  
G. A. Goenaga ◽  
W. Gao ◽  
K. Williams ◽  
C. A. Neal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Cathode Catalyst ◽  
Disk Electrode ◽  
Cell Testing

In this study, an iron(iii) porphyrin framework material was synthesized and pyrolyzed and its catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was evaluated using rotating disk electrode (RDE) experiments and single cell testing.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt and Nitrogen Co-Doped Peat-Derived Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Rutha Jäger ◽  
Patrick Teppor ◽  
Maarja Paalo ◽  
Meelis Härmas ◽  
Anu Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Orr Activity ◽  
Carbon Catalysts

In this study, several peat-derived carbons (PDC) were synthesized using various carbonization protocols. It was found that depending on the carbonization method, carbons with very different surface morphologies, elemental compositions, porosities, and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities were obtained. Five carbons were used as carbon supports to synthesize Co-N/PDC catalysts, and five different ORR catalysts were acquired. The surface analysis revealed that a higher nitrogen content, number of surface oxide defects, and higher specific surface area lead to higher ORR activity of the Co-N/PDC catalysts in acidic solution. The catalyst Co-N/C-2(ZnCl2), which was synthesized from ZnCl2-activated and pyrolyzed peat, showed the highest ORR activity in both rotating disk electrode and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell tests. A maximum power density value of 210 mW cm−2 has been obtained. The results of this study indicate that PDCs are promising candidates for the synthesis of active non-platinum group metal type catalysts.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Preparation and Design for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3858
Author(s):  
Monica Dan ◽  
Adriana Vulcu ◽  
Sebastian A. Porav ◽  
Cristian Leostean ◽  
Gheorghe Borodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Doped Graphene

Four N-doped graphene materials with a nitrogen content ranging from 8.34 to 13.1 wt.% are prepared by the ball milling method. This method represents an eco-friendly mechanochemical process that can be easily adapted for industrial-scale productivity and allows both the exfoliation of graphite and the synthesis of large quantities of functionalized graphene. These materials are characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry measurements, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy, and then, are tested towards the oxygen reduction reaction by cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode methods. Their responses towards ORR are analysed in correlation with their properties and use for the best ORR catalyst identification. However, even though the mechanochemical procedure and the characterization techniques are clean and green methods (i.e., water is the only solvent used for these syntheses and investigations), they are time consuming and, generally, a low number of materials can be prepared, characterized and tested. In order to eliminate some of these limitations, the use of regression learner and reverse engineering methods are proposed for facilitating the optimization of the synthesis conditions and the materials’ design. Thus, the machine learning algorithms are applied to data containing the synthesis parameters, the results obtained from different characterization techniques and the materials response towards ORR to quickly provide predictions that allow the best synthesis conditions or the best electrocatalysts’ identification.

Methanol-Tolerant Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Pt–Pd/C Alloy Nanocatalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mary Remona ◽  
K. L. N. Phani
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Methanol Tolerance ◽  
Pd Catalysts ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Tolerant

Carbon-supported platinum and Pt–Pd alloy electrocatalysts with different Pt/Pd atomic ratios were synthesized by a microemulsion method at room temperature (metal loading is 10 wt %). The Pt–Pd/C bimetallic catalysts showed a single-phase fcc structure and the mean particle size of Pt–Pd/C catalysts was found to be lower than that of Pt/C. The methanol-tolerant studies of the catalysts were carried out by activity evaluation of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt–Pd catalysts using a rotating disk electrode (RDE). The studies indicated that the order of methanol tolerance was found to be PtPd3/C>PtPd/C>Pt3Pd/C. The oxygen reduction activities of all Pt–Pd/C were considerably larger than that of Pt/C with respect to onset and overpotential values. The Pd-loaded catalysts shift the onset potential of ORR by 125 mVMSE, 53 mVMSE, and 41 mVMSE to less cathodic potentials for Pt3Pd/C, PtPd/C, and PtPd3/C, respectively, with reference to Pt/C and the Pt3Pd/C catalyst showed greater shift in the onset value than the other PtPd catalysts reported in literature. Moreover, the Pt–Pd/C catalysts exhibited much higher methanol tolerance during ORR than the Pt/C, assessing that these catalysts may function as a methanol-tolerant cathode catalysts in a direct methanol fuel cell.

Synthesis of Bimetallic AuPt Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution and Electrocatalytic Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Njoki ◽  
Jin Luo ◽  
Aisley Jacob ◽  
Rizwan Munawar ◽  
Bilal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Nanoparticle Catalysts ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticle

ABSTRACTThe ability to control composition and size in the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles is important for the exploitation of the bimetallic catalytic properties. This paper reports recent findings of an investigation of the synthesis of gold-platinum (AuPt) bimetallic nanoparticles in aqueous solution via reduction of AuCl4− and PtCl42− using a combination of reducing and capping agents. In addition to characterization of the morphological properties of the AuPt nanoparticles using TEM and XRD, the electrocatalytic activity of the carbon-supported AuPt nanoparticle catalysts was also examined for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using the rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique. The findings have implications to the design of bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts for fuel cell reactions.

Ethanol: Tolerant Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts in Alkaline Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakkrapong Chaiburi ◽  
Bernd Cermenek ◽  
Birgit Elvira Pichler ◽  
Christoph Grimmer ◽  
Viktor Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

This paper describes electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs), using the non-noble metal electrocatalyst Ag/C, MnO2/C and AgMnO2/C. These electrocatalysts showed tolerance toward ethanol in alkaline media and therefore resistance to ethanol crossover in ADEFCs. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry, and rotating disk electrode (RDE) were employed to determine the morphology, composition, and electrochemical activity of the catalysts. The herein presented results confirm that the AgMnO2/C electrocatalyst significantly outperforms the state-of-the art ORR catalyst platinum.

Mn-Co oxide/PEDOT as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution/reduction reactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 1777 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Davari ◽  
Douglas G. Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Bifunctional Electrocatalyst ◽  
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts ◽  
Anodic Electrodeposition

ABSTRACTBifunctional electrocatalysts, which facilitate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are vital components in advanced metal-air batteries. Results are presented for carbon-free, nanocrystalline, rod-like, Mn-Co oxide/PEDOT bifunctional electrocatalysts, prepared by template-free sequential anodic electrodeposition. Electrochemical characterization of synthesized electrocatalysts, with and without a conducting polymer (PEDOT) coating, was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). In addition, microstructural characterization was conducted using SEM, TEM, STEM and XPS. Mn-Co oxide/PEDOT showed improved ORR/OER performance relative to Mn-Co oxide and PEDOT. On the basis of rotating disk electrode (RDE) experiments, Mn-Co oxide/PEDOT displayed the desired 4-electron transfer oxygen reduction pathway. Comparable ORR activity and superior OER activity relative to commercial Pt/C were observed.

Non Precious Metal Catalysts: A Fuel Cell and ORR Study of Thermally Synthesized Nickel and Platinum Mixed Nickel Nanotubes for PEMFC

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shahbaz ◽  
Ali Afaf ◽  
Nawaz Tahir ◽  
Ullah Abid ◽  
Saher Saim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts

A highly active Platinum Group Metal (PGM) and non-PGM electrocatalysts with thermally extruded nanotubes have been prepared for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell by sintering Nickel zeolitic imidazole framework (Ni-ZIF). Preeminent electro-catalytic activities have been observed through single fuel cell tests and rotating disk electrode (RDE). This study involves the comparison of Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) activities and fuel cell (FC) test station performance of two catalyst Nickel and Platinum mixed Nickel nanotubes (Ni NT, Ni/Pt NT) respectively. The acidic cells with corresponding Ni and Ni/Pt catalysts delivers peak power densities of 325 mWcm-2 and 455 mWcm-2 at 75 °C inside fuel cell. Our results indicate that, the synthesized Nickel nanotubes has profound effect on catalytic performance of both PGM and non-PGM electro catalysts.

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