scholarly journals The Promotor and Poison Effects of the Inorganic Elements of Kraft Lignin during Hydrotreatment over NiMoS Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Joby Sebastian ◽  
You Wayne Cheah ◽  
Diana Bernin ◽  
Derek Creaser ◽  
Louise Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Poisoning Effect ◽  
Removal Of Impurities ◽  
Impurity Elements ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

One-pot deoxygenation of kraft lignin to aromatics and hydrocarbons of fuel-range quality is a promising way to improve its added value. Since most of the commercially resourced kraft lignins are impure (Na, S, K, Ca, etc., present as impurities), the effect of these impurities on the deoxygenation activity of a catalyst is critical and was scrutinized in this study using a NiMoS/Al2O3 catalyst. The removal of impurities from the lignin indicated that they obstructed the depolymerization. In addition, they deposited on the catalyst during depolymerization, of which the major element was the alkali metal Na which existed in kraft lignin as Na2S and single-site ionic Na+. Conditional experiments have shown that at lower loadings of impurities on the catalyst, their promotor effect was prevalent, and at their higher loadings, a poisoning effect. The number of moles of impurities, their strength, and the synergism among the impurity elements on the catalyst were the major critical factors responsible for the catalyst’s deactivation. The promotor effects of deposited impurities on the catalyst, however, could counteract the negative effects of impurities on the depolymerization.

scholarly journals Solubility parameters analysis of Eucalyptus urograndis kraft lignin

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8577-8600
Author(s):  
William C. O. Ribeiro ◽  
Vinícius Lobosco ◽  
Patrícia F. M. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Solvent Fractionation ◽  
Statistical Relevance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

Lignin has gained momentum as a renewable material because it is the largest natural source that can provide aromatic compounds in a wide range of applications. However, its heterogeneity in terms of high polydispersity molar mass distribution and variety of functional groups has limited the direct production of added-value lignin-derivatives. Among the alternatives to obtain more homogeneous lignin cuts is solvent fractionation. However, it is not well understood how different solvents influence lignin partition, and thus it is difficult to establish a rational solvent order to perform it. Thus, the purpose of this work was to understand Eucalyptus urograndis kraft lignin partition in organic solvents through the application of three solubility parameter theories: Hildebrand, Hansen (HSP), and Functional (FSP). Through the theories studied, FSP provided the best representation of lignin partition in organic solvents. In addition, the influence of solvents’ solubility parameters on lignin solubility was investigated by multiregression analyses, which revealed that only the polar solvent parameter showed statistical relevance to describe lignin solubility. The results of this work may contribute to the effective development of technical lignins’ fractionation, allowing the production of higher-value lignin derivatives, increasing the profitability of biorefineries, and establishing a sustainable bio-based economy.

Corporate Added Value in the Context of Web 2.0

2010 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Oliver Bohl ◽  
Shakib Manouchehri
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Activity Model ◽  
Corporate Actions ◽  
The Relationship

Firms have faced and explored the increased use of Web 2.0. Driven mainly by private users, Web 2.0 may also have significant implications for corporate actions and business models. By systematically scanning and verifying possible positive and negative effects on the value of their creation, firms might be able to formulate and establish well-grounded strategies for corporate Web 2.0 applications and services. To establish such a process in an effective and adequate manner, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between Web 2.0 and corporate added value. This chapter contributes to these efforts by demonstrating that the corporate use of Web 2.0 applications is reinforced by fundamental and long-term business trends. The discussion pertains to the possibilities emerging from the application of Web 2.0 paradigms to business models; the market model, the activity model, and the capital market model. The potentials, risks, mainsprings, and restrictions associated with the corporate use of Web 2.0 are evaluated.

scholarly journals Melt Stable Functionalized Organosolv and Kraft Lignin Thermoplastic

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Shubhankar Bhattacharyya ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Lignin Valorization ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Viable Biomass

A shift towards an economically viable biomass biorefinery concept requires the use of all biomass fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) for the production of high added-value products. As lignin is often underutilized, the establishment of lignin valorization routes is highly important. In-house produced organosolv as well as commercial Kraft lignin were used in this study. The aim of the current work was to make a comparative study of thermoplastic biomaterials from two different types of lignins. Native lignins were alkylate with two different alkyl iodides to produce ether-functionalized lignins. Successful etherification was verified by FT-IR spectroscopy, changes in the molecular weight of lignin, as well as 13C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The thermal stability of etherified lignin samples was considerably improved with the T2% of organosolv to increase from 143 °C to up to 213 °C and of Kraft lignin from 133 °C to up to 168 °C, and glass transition temperature was observed. The present study shows that etherification of both organosolv and Kraft lignin with alkyl halides can produce lignin thermoplastic biomaterials with low glass transition temperature. The length of the alkyl chain affects thermal stability as well as other thermal properties.

scholarly journals Dehydrogenation of 2-[(n-Methylcyclohexyl)Methyl]Piperidine over Mesoporous Pd-Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared by Solvent Deficient Precipitation: Influence of Calcination Conditions

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Babu Bathula ◽  
Jinho Oh ◽  
Yeongin Jo ◽  
Young-Woong Suh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Al2o3 Layer ◽  
Stable Catalyst ◽  
Hydrogen Carrier ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

A pair of 2-[(n-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]piperidine (H12-MBP) and its full dehydrogenation product (H0-MBP) has recently been considered as a potential liquid organic hydrogen carrier with 6.15 wt% H2 storage capacity. In the discovery of an active and stable catalyst for H2 discharge from H12-MBP at lower temperatures, a mesoporous Pd-Al2O3 catalyst (MPdA) was synthesized by a one-pot solvent deficient precipitation (SDP). In the present work, the sensitivity and effectiveness of the SDP method are examined by varying the calcination temperature and time in the preparation of the MPdA catalyst. The characterization revealed that the final properties of the MPdA catalyst greatly rely on both the calcination temperature and time. The MPdA catalyst showed better dehydrogenation activity for calcination at 600 °C than at other temperatures, because of Pd particles of smaller size with higher dispersion. Although the MPdA catalysts calcined at 600 °C for different periods of time have similar size and dispersion of Pd particles, the dehydrogenation efficiency was superior as the calcination time became shorter (e.g., 1 h), which originated from the better arrangement of Pd particles over a higher surface area. These MPdA catalysts, irrespective of the calcination time, displayed a remarkable stability in the dehydrogenation of H12-MBP owing to the protection of Pd particles by the Al2O3 layer.

Centrifugal Separation of Primary Silicon during Solidification in Al-Si Alloy for Solar Silicon Feedstock

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Young Cho ◽  
Bok Hyun Kang ◽  
Ki Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Eutectic Temperature ◽  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Primary Silicon ◽  
Segregation Coefficient ◽  
High Purity Silicon ◽  
Solar Silicon ◽  
Removal Of Impurities ◽  
Impurity Elements

Various metallurgical refining processes of SOG (Solar Grade)-Si are being developed aiming its cost reduction for the PV (Photovoltaic) market. High purity silicon can also be obtained from Al-Si alloys using solidification theory. Since the solubility of impurity elements in silicon decreases rapidly with temperature decrease much above the Al-Si eutectic temperature, the removal of impurities from silicon at low temperature is expected to be effective. Most of impurity elements with small segregation coefficient can be removed during solidification. Key technology in this process is to separate the primary solid silicon from the liquid eutectic matrix during solidification. Some methods by an electromagnetic force or by combining flocculation and filtration techniques have been proposed to separate the solid silicon. The present study describes a new way to extract the primary silicon crystal from Al-Si alloys using centrifugal force during solidification for a silicon solar feedstock. Primary silicon was separated in the shape of foam during solidification, and pure Si flakes after acid leaching could be obtained.

The role of H2O and oxidized copper species in methanol steam reforming on a Cu/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by one-pot sol–gel method

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Turco ◽  
Giovanni Bagnasco ◽  
Claudia Cammarano ◽  
Luca Micoli ◽  
Maurizio Lenarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Methanol Steam Reforming ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Copper Species ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

scholarly journals Comparison of Eleutherine bulbosa Derivated Products as an Immunostimulant Supplement for Preventing COVID-19 Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
R Maharani ◽  
A Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Home Industries ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in most areas of the world caused many negative effects, including health, social and economic declined. One alternative to prevented it is to make immunostimulant supplements from natural resources that are available in surrounding environment along with encouraging development of home industries to produce them. In Kalimantan, Indonesia, one of the natural sources that have been utilized and proven locally as a medicinal plant is Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa). One of its functions is as an immunostimulant supplement, but until now there has not been much research on the manufacture of E. bulbosa as a home industry product that functions as an immunostimulant supplement. E.bulbosa was demonstrated high antioxidant activity 1.48 μg/ml IC50 value and significantly increased immunity. The E.bulbosa was also contained iso-eleutherine and iso-eleutherol which have the potential as an anti-virus. In this study, several E. bulbosa derivated products, namely teabags and infusions, were introduced and compared starting from technical process, economic analysis, and storage period. Recent study showed that 1 kg of E. bulbosa can produce about 20 boxes of teabags (10 tea bags/box) that can be stored for 6-12 months, with a total profit reached 2-3 times of total production cost. While, 1 kg E. bulbosa was produced 16 bottles containing 330ml infusion drink which can be stored for 3-5 days in refrigerator, and it was provided 2 times profit of total production cost. However, these two products can be used as an alternative to stay healthy along with increase in added value and income for communities.

scholarly journals One-pot reductive amination of aldehydes with nitroarenes over an Au/Al2O3 catalyst in a continuous flow reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4741-4745 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Artiukha ◽  
A. L. Nuzhdin ◽  
G. A. Bukhtiyarova ◽  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
P. E. Plyusnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Reductive Amination ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

Various secondary aromatic amines were synthesized by Au/Al2O3-catalyzed one-pot reductive amination of aldehydes with nitroarenes in a flow reactor.

One-pot chemo-biocatalytic synthesis of R-1-phenylethyl acetate from acetophenone hydrogenation over Pd/Al2O3 catalyst

2008 ◽  
Vol 350 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Mäki-Arvela ◽  
Serap Sahin ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Teemu Heikkilä ◽  
Vesa-Pekka Lehto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Pot ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst
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