scholarly journals Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Cancer Treatment: The Role of pH, Light, Ionic Strength and Magnetic Field

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1164
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andrade ◽  
Maria Mercé Roca-Melendres ◽  
Esteban F. Durán-Lara ◽  
Diana Rafael ◽  
Simó Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

Cancer remains as the second leading cause of death, worldwide. Despite the enormous important advances observed in the last decades, advanced stages of the disease remain incurable. The severe side effects associated to systemic high doses of chemotherapy and the development of drug resistance impairs a safe and efficiency anticancer therapy. Therefore, new formulations are continuously under research and development to improve anticancer drugs therapeutic index through localized delivery at tumor sites. Among a wide range of possibilities, hydrogels have recently gained special attention due to their potential to allow in situ sustained and controlled anticancer drug release. In particular, stimuli-responsive hydrogels which are able to change their physical state from liquid to gel accordingly to external factors such as temperature, pH, light, ionic strength, and magnetic field, among others. Some of these formulations presented promising results for the localized control and treatment of cancer. The present work aims to discuss the main properties and application of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in cancer treatment and summarize the most important advances observed in the last decades focusing on the use of pH-, light-, ionic strength-, and magnetic-responsive hydrogels.

Sticky ends in a self-assembling ABA triblock copolymer: the role of ureas in stimuli-responsive hydrogels

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Shafranek ◽  
Joel D. Leger ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Munira Khalil ◽  
Xiaodan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels ◽  
Aba Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

Directed self-assembly in polymeric hydrogels allows tunability of thermal response and viscoelastic properties.

The role of slow magnetostrophic waves in dipole formation in rapidly rotating dynamos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Varma ◽  
Binod Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Dipole Field ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Alfven Wave ◽  
Inertial Waves ◽  
Axial Dipole ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>It is known that the columnar structures in rapidly rotating convection are affected by the magnetic field in ways that enhance their helicity. This may explain the dominance of the axial dipole in rotating dynamos. Dynamo simulations starting from a small seed magnetic field have shown that the growth of the field is accompanied by the excitation of convection in the energy-containing length scales. Here, this process is studied by examining axial wave motions in the growth phase of the dynamo for a wide range of thermal forcing. In the early stages of evolution where the field is weak, fast inertial waves weakly modified by the magnetic field are abundantly present. As the field strength(measured by the ratio of the Alfven wave to the inertial wave frequency) exceeds a threshold value, slow magnetostrophic waves are spontaneously generated. The excitation of the slow waves coincides with the generation of helicity through columnar motion, and is followed by the formation of the axial dipole from a chaotic, multipolar state. In strongly driven convection, the slow wave frequency is attenuated, causing weakening of the axial dipole intensity. Kinematic dynamo simulations at the same parameters, where only fast inertial waves are present, fail to produce the axial dipole field. The dipole field in planetary dynamos may thus be supported by the helicity from slow magnetostrophic waves.</p>

Stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions: recent advances and potential applications

Soft Matter ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 3512-3529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juntao Tang ◽  
Patrick James Quinlan ◽  
Kam Chiu Tam
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Pickering Emulsion ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Emulsion Systems

Pickering emulsions with stimuli-responsive properties have, in recent years, received a considerable amount of attention. This paper provides a concise and comprehensive review of Pickering emulsion systems that possess the ability to respond to an array of external triggers, including pH, temperature, CO2concentration, light intensity, ionic strength, and magnetic field intensity.

Stable and sensitive stimuli-responsive anisotropic hydrogels for sensing ionic strength and pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Hiratani ◽  
Osamu Kose ◽  
Wadood Y. Hamad ◽  
Mark J. MacLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels that respond to pressure and ionic strength were prepared with large mono-domain, nematic organization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs).

scholarly journals Examining the students’ understanding level towards the concepts of magnetic field: the case of conducting wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Ozgur Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Physics Teachers ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conducting Wire ◽  
The University ◽  
Electrically Charged

The electromagnetism is one of the important topics in physics and it has quite a lot of applications in a wide range of area. It also examines the electromagnetic force researches that occur between the electrically charged particles. On the other hand, examination of the magnetic field around the conductors and the movement of the charged particles in the electromagnetic field is quite interesting topics on that the physics researchers intensively investigated. The electromagnetic theory has an abstract nature, because the university level students have many learning and understanding difficulties about the concepts related to these topics. In realization of meaningful learning, the role of the students’ prior knowledge about the aforementioned concepts is becoming important. This study aims to investigate the understanding of 12 pre-service physics teachers related to the concept of moving particles in an electromagnetic filed by using the qualitative research methods. The data collected through the test consisting of three question and it was analysed by using content analysis method. The understanding levels and the alternative conceptions of the pre-service physics teachers were determined by different categories at the end of the content analyses process.   Keywords: Alternative conceptions, electromagnetism education, pre-service physics teachers; understanding level;

The role of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotube in breast cancer treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 653-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Faraji Dizaji ◽  
Amirnezam Farboudi ◽  
Alireza Rahbar ◽  
Mohammadreza Hasani Azarbaijan ◽  
Mohammad Reza Asgary
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Swcnts And Mwcnts ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Numerous studies have been conducted to design new strategies for breast cancer treatment. Past studies have shown a wide range of carbon-nanomaterials properties, such as single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this regard, the current study aims to review the role of both SWCNTs and MWCNTs in breast cancer treatment and diagnosis. For reaching this goal, we reviewed the literature by using various searching engines such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and MEDLINE. This comprehensive review showed that CNTs could dramatically improve breast cancer treatment and could be used as a novel modality to increase diagnostic accuracy; however, no clinical studies have been conducted based on CNTs. In addition, the literature review demonstrates a lack of enough studies to evaluate the side effects of using CNTs.

Commentary on ‘Resveratrol commonly displays hormesis: Occurrence and biomedical significance’

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1029-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idolo Tedesco ◽  
Maria Russo ◽  
Gian Luigi Russo
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Biological Models ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Dose Responses ◽  
French Paradox

The review by Calabrese et al. describes the hormetic dose responses induced by phytoalexin resveratrol in a wide range of biological models. We agree and support the authors’ strategy to present an impressive number of experiments furnished with an exhaustive bibliography to emphasize that ‘many effects induced by resveratrol are dependent on dose and that opposite effects occur at low and high doses, being indicative of a hormetic dose response.’ We also highly appreciate the holistic view of the hormetic behavior of resveratrol provided by the authors spanning from tumor and non-tumor cell lines to human and parasitic diseases. In our comments, we touched minor points whose discussion would have strengthened the work of Calabrese, such as contradictions on the role of resveratrol in the ‘French Paradox,’ its effect on aromatase activity, glutamate cysteine ligase expression and glutathione levels. Overall, we encourage colleagues working in this field to read the present review and consider its relevant biological implications. The vision of Calabrese et al. is far too important to be ignored.

scholarly journals Emergence of Chloride as an Overlooked Cardiorenal Connector in Heart Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Kazory ◽  
Claudio Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Diuretic Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Renal Tubular

Several studies have recently challenged the sodium-centric view that has been dominating the field of heart failure (HF) and cardiorenal syndrome. The previously observed benefits of severe dietary restriction of salt do not seem to be consistently reproduced by contemporary studies. Moreover, there is evidence that too low intake may paradoxically lead to adverse outcomes in more advanced stages of HF. Facing the escalating controversy, investigators have shifted their focus from sodium to its often overlooked counter ion in salt, the chloride. Emerging data suggest that serum chloride levels could portend robust independent prognostic value in a wide range of HF syndromes possibly stronger than that of sodium. The untoward impact of hypochloremia on the outcomes could be mechanistically linked to renal tubular regulatory pathways, neurohormonal activation, and diuretic resistance. As such, it can be a potential target of therapy in this setting. In this article, the authors provide a brief overview of the role of serum chloride as a cardiorenal connector and explore the context in which the contemporary data should be interpreted. Implementation of predictive and therapeutic strategies incorporating the emerging evidence would be refined through discussion of nuances of such findings as well as their biological and clinical relevance.

Time Interval and Continuous Testing of Stimuli Responsive Hydrogels

2014 ◽  
Vol 1622 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Bates ◽  
Jules J. Magda
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Biological Sensing ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Continuous Testing ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

ABSTRACTResearchers have investigated hydrogels as potential materials for biological monitoring. Hydrogel compositions have been designed to respond to changes in temperature, pH, glucose concentration and ionic strength concentration. Hydrogels designed to respond to changes in environmental conditions have demonstrated their ability to respond via a swelling or shrinking action. This swelling behavior can be exploited using a variety of signal transduction methods. While this technology shows promise, the degradation of hydrogel materials has not yet been characterized with respect to the shelf life of hydrogel samples or to their use in continuous testing. A series of experiments were performed to test hydrogels stored for extended periods of time then subjected to oscillatory testing, and the results have been analyzed to determine whether hydrogels can be used for extended periods of time for biological sensing applications.

scholarly journals The Multifaceted Role of TGF-β in Gastrointestinal Tumors

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3960
Author(s):  
Fabio Sabbadini ◽  
Monica Bertolini ◽  
Serena De Matteis ◽  
Domenico Mangiameli ◽  
Serena Contarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Paracrine Interaction

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that signals via serine/threonine kinase receptors and SMAD effectors. Although TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor during the early stages of tumorigenesis, it supports tumor progression in advanced stages. Indeed, TGF-β can modulate the tumor microenvironment by modifying the extracellular matrix and by sustaining a paracrine interaction between neighboring cells. Due to its critical role in cancer development and progression, a wide range of molecules targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway are currently under active clinical development in different diseases. Here, we focused on the role of TGF-β in modulating different pathological processes with a particular emphasis on gastrointestinal tumors.

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