scholarly journals Steroid Metabolites Support Evidence of Autism as a Spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Benedikt Andreas Gasser ◽  
Johann Kurz ◽  
Bernhard Dick ◽  
Markus Georg Mohaupt
Keyword(s):  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolite Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Kanner’S Syndrome ◽  
Matched Samples ◽  
Support Evidence

Objectives: It is common nowadays to refer to autism as a spectrum. Increased evidence of the involvement of steroid metabolites has been shown by the presence of stronger alterations in Kanner’s syndrome compared with Asperger syndrome. Methods: 24 h urine samples were collected from 20 boys with Asperger syndrome, 21 boys with Kanner’s syndrome, and identically sized control groups, each matched for age, weight, and height for comprehensive steroid hormone metabolite analysis via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: Higher levels of most steroid metabolites were detected in boys with Kanner’s syndrome and Asperger syndrome compared to their matched controls. These differences were more pronounced in affected individuals with Kanner’s syndrome versus Asperger syndrome. Furthermore, a specific and unique pattern of alteration of androsterone, etiocholanolone, progesterone, tetrahydrocortisone, and tetrahydrocortisol was identified in boys with Kanner’s syndrome and Asperger syndrome. Interestingly, in both matched samples, only androsterone, etiocholanolone, progesterone, tetrahydrocortisone, tetrahydrocortisol, and 5a-tetrahydrocortisol groups were positively correlated. In the Asperger syndrome group, all metabolites showed a positive correlation. In the Kanner’s syndrome group, 5-a tetrahydrocortisol with androsterone showed a positive correlation. Conclusions: Due to differences in the level of alteration, the premise that Asperger syndrome is on the mild side of the autism spectrum and that Kanner’s syndrome is on the severe side is supported, but alteration patterns yield different phenotypic expressions.

Social Communication Intervention for an Adult with Asperger Syndrome: Experiences, Perspectives, and Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Siva priya Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Social Communication Intervention ◽  
Highly Able ◽  
Organizational Needs

Adults on the autism spectrum, despite having received intervention throughout their childhood and adolescence, continue to experience challenges with everyday social interactions, forming and maintaining relationships, and social abilities needed in work settings. This article presents a case example of a 22-year-old adult with Asperger syndrome, and highlights the issues in providing intervention for highly able young adults on the autism spectrum. A unique feature of this report is the inclusion of the client's own insights into his experiences, perspectives, and challenges with the intervention. The approaches used to address his social communication and organizational needs are outlined, and clinical implications discussed.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM AND OXYTOCINE IN THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Burmistova ◽  
Yu. Yu. Filippova ◽  
A. V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
General Context ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Biochemical Signals

Aim. To assess the structure of the intestinal microbial consortium and the level of oxytocin in blood plasma in the context of severe social insufficiency in children with autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods. 44 children with autism spectrum disorders were divided into two groups: 23 children with no signs of social contact and 21 people with preserved social contact. The comparison group was consisted of 39 typically developing children of the appropriate gender and age. The structure and quantity of microorganisms of the small intestine was determined with the help of specific lipid markers in peripheral blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markers. The concentration of oxytocin was assessed in plasma by the method of ELISA. Results. Normally, the biochemical signals of the ecological system (the host-associated microbial consortium and the neuropeptide-oxytocin) work in the general context of the socialization of the meta-organism. However, an imbalance of the system (disease - autism spectrum disorders) can lead to change context and social insufficiency. Conclusion. Research in this direction will help, as we believe, to understand of the mechanisms underlying social deficits in autism, which will allow us to determine the ways of their correction.

scholarly journals Correlation of refractive error with axial length and corneal topography

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Surabhi Ruia ◽  
Poonam Kishore ◽  
Vinita Singh ◽  
Nitin Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Purpose: To collect and analyze normative data about corneal topography and axial length in various refractive errors in Indian population.Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Materials and Method: Three hundred eyes (150 patients) of age group 12-35 yrs were arranged in 5 groups according to refractive status; Group 1 (n=44): myopia of SphericalEquivalent (SE) > 6 D; Group 2 (n=67): myopia of SE >0.5 D to 6 D; Group 3 (n=88): nearly emmetropic of SE -0.5 D to +0.5 D; Group 4 (n=59): hypermetropia of SE >0.5 to 6 D; Group 5 (n=42): hypermetropia of SE > 6 D. Axial length(AL), central radius of curvature of cornea (CR), central power of cornea (CK) , Al/CR ratio for each group were documented . Correlation with SE and among each other was studied. Results: Mean AL (in mm) of myopic patients (n=111) was 24.23 ± 1.34, emmetropic (n=88) 22.62 ± 0.94 and hypermetropics (n=101) 20.73 ±0.94. Mean CR (in mm) of myopic patients was 7.55 ± 0.35, emmetropics was 7.70 ±0.32, and hypermetropes was 7.99 ±0.35. Mean CK (in D) of myopics was 44.86±2.59, emmetropes was 43.91±1.76, and hypermetropes was 42.32±1.89. Mean AL/CR ratio of myopics was 3.22 ± 0.29, emmetropics 2.94± 0.07, and hypermetropics 2.60 ± 0.19. AL was negatively correlated with SE(r=-0.91, p<0.0001) and positively with AL/CR(r=0.88, p<0.0001) and CK (r=0.36, p<0.0001). CR was negatively correlated with AL/CR (r=-0.74, p<0.0001) while positively correlated with SE (r=0.62, p<0.0001). CK showed positive correlation with AL/CR (r=0.75, p<0.0001) while negative correlation with SE (r=-0.61, p<0.0001). AL/CR was negatively correlated withSE(r=-0.95, p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed a negative correlation between axial length and refractive error and between AL/CR ratio and refractive error with stronger inverse relationship in hypermetropes than myopes. There was a positive correlation of CR with SE with a weaker direct relationship in myopes than hypermetropes. 

Specific systemic IgG1, IgG2 and IgM responses in pigs immunized with infective eggs or selected antigens of Ascaris suum

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. FRONTERA ◽  
A. CARRÓN ◽  
F. J. SERRANO ◽  
A. ROEPSTORFF ◽  
D. REINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Challenge Control

A total of 35 pigs aged 15 weeks old, and 21 pigs aged 8 weeks old were divided into 7 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were uninfected and challenge control groups, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were infected weekly with 6 increasing doses of Ascaris suum eggs, and group 4 was additionally treated with pyrantel. Groups 5, 6, and 7 were immunized weekly with the 14, 42, or 97 kDa fractions from adult worms, respectively. Animals of groups 2–7 were challenged with 10 000 A. suum eggs 7 days after the last infection/immunization. Serum was sampled weekly and specific IgG1, IgG2, and IgM responses were measured. Pigs of groups 5, 6, and 7 showed high IgG1 and IgG2 responses especially against adult worms antigens, while infected groups had high IgG1 and IgM responses, especially against larva. The IgG1 responses were negatively correlated to the numbers of larvae in the lungs, and positively associated with the liver white spot numbers. There was a positive correlation between IgG2 and the numbers of white spots and lung larvae, while IgM was negatively correlated with these parasitological measures. These findings are discussed and it is suggested that acquired resistance against A. suum larvae is correlated with the induction of IgG1 and IgM, and not with IgG2, and that future vaccination protocols may focus on inducing the Th2 activity.

scholarly journals Subtyping the Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparison of Children with High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concetta de Giambattista ◽  
Patrizia Ventura ◽  
Paolo Trerotoli ◽  
Mariella Margari ◽  
Roberto Palumbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Functioning

Metabolite analysis of human fecal water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with ethyl chloroformate derivatization

2009 ◽  
Vol 393 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfu Gao ◽  
Estelle Pujos-Guillot ◽  
Jean-François Martin ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
Catherine Juste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethyl Chloroformate ◽  
Metabolite Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fecal Water

Chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) essential oils and evaluation of their toxicity against Bruchus rufimanus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Hannour ◽  
Ahmed Boughdad ◽  
Abdelwahed Maataoui ◽  
Aziz Bouchelta
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Middle Atlas

AbstractControl methods used to limit field losses caused by Bruchus rufimanus Boheman, 1833 consist of synthetic insecticides that pose health risks to farmers, consumers and the environment. In an attempt to find safer alternatives, we screened essential oils from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis collected in the Middle Atlas and Loukkos regions of Morocco in the laboratory as natural fumigants against B. rufimanus. These essential oils were extracted by steam distillation using a Clevenger distiller, characterised chemically by coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and tested at five concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 µl/l air). The essential oils of R. officinalis mainly comprised oxygenated monoterpenes (Middle Atlas: 79.4%; Loukkos: 48.78%) and terpenes (Middle Atlas: 14.71%; Loukkos: 32.33%). The lethal concentrations (LC50) of Middle Atlas and Loukkos essential oils against male beetles ranged from, respectively, 46.53 to 1.19 µl/l air and 58.85 to 11.57 µl/l air. Similarly, doses of R. officinalis essential oils from Middle Atlas and Loukkos lethal to females, ranged from 44.6 to 2.08 µl/l air and from 53.00 to 5.38 µl/l air, respectively. Additionally, the lethal time (LT50 and LT99) of exposed adults ranged from 1–8 and from 2–13 days for different concentrations of R. officinalis essential oils from Middle Atlas and Loukkos, respectively. With no mortality recorded in the control groups, these findings demonstrate the fumigant potential of these oils against this bruchid under the storage conditions.

Enhancing CBT for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Concurrent Anxiety

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Sze ◽  
Jeffrey J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Manual ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractBecause anxiety and other concurrent psychological problems are common among children with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome, research initiatives have been devoted to the development of efficacious treatments to address the multifaceted needs of youth with this presentation. Emerging research indicates that when carefully adapted to accommodate for the unique needs of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) may be a viable treatment modality. Because inherent features of ASD may compromise the efficacy of traditional CBT, our preliminary work suggests that it may be important to gear intervention efforts towards directly addressing core autism symptoms to promote optimal treatment response. This article describes an evidence-based CBT treatment manual modified and expanded to address core ASD features above and beyond anxiety symptomatology. A case example of a 10-year-old boy with Asperger syndrome is presented with supporting data to illustrate the treatment modifications and their rationale. The positive treatment response attained in this case suggests that an enhanced variant of a standard CBT programme may be an efficacious treatment approach for children with ASD and concurrent anxiety.

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