scholarly journals Measuring the Effect of Visual Exposure and Saliency of Museum Exhibits on Visitors’ Level of Contact and Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Nubani ◽  
Alyssa Puryear ◽  
Kristy Kellom
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Spatial Variables ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Visibility Graph Analysis ◽  
And Control

This paper examines visitors’ movement patterns at the Broad Museum designed by Zaha Hadid. Characterized with free, open, and generally unbound spaces, visitors explore a curated exhibition at their own pace, route, and agenda. Unlike most other public environments, a museum lends visitors greater choice and control, and does not hold the social or spatial expectations of other facility types that might subject the visitor’s path of travel. In this study, 72 visitors were observed. A space syntax-based visibility graph analysis (VGA) was then performed to compute the visibility exposure and the spatial position of each exhibit within the museum. Negative binomial regression was used to look at the effects of spatial variables on visitors’ wayfinding, contact, and engagement with the pieces. Results showed that both the amount of visibility area around each exhibit, and its spatial position measured using space syntax techniques explained why visitors established a contact with the piece and their wayfinding behavior. Interestingly, however, the saliency of exhibits along with spatial variables were both strong predictors for why people arriving in groups split to engage with that particular exhibit. The simulation used in this study could be useful in curatorial decisions.

scholarly journals Handling of Overdispersion in the Poisson Regression Model with Negative Binomial for the Number of New Cases of Leprosy in Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yopi Ariesia Ulfa ◽  
Agus M Soleh ◽  
Bagus Sartono
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control

Based on data from the Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, in 2017, new leprosy cases that emerged on Java Island were the highest in Indonesia compared to the number of events on other islands. The purpose of this study is to compare Poisson regression to a negative binomial regression model to be applied to the data on the number of new cases of leprosy and to find out what explanatory variables have a significant effect on the number of new cases of leprosy in Java. This study's results indicate that a negative binomial regression model can overcome the Poisson regression model's overdispersion. Variables that significantly affect the number of new cases of leprosy based on the results of negative binomial regression modeling are total population, percentage of children under five years who had immunized with BCG, and percentage of the population with sustainable access to clean water.

The liability of newer than newness: aspiring entrepreneurs and legitimacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay O’Toole ◽  
Michael P. Ciuchta
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Loan ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Explicit Theory ◽  
New Business ◽  
Original Emphasis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to return to Stinchcombe’s original emphasis on emerging vs existing organizations by examining the cognitive legitimacy challenges aspiring entrepreneurs face vis-à-vis entrepreneurs with existing businesses. Design/methodology/approach The data collection included content analysis of profiles of an online crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending market leading to a sample of 507 business loan requests, 123 of which were requests to support new business ideas rather than existing businesses. Negative binomial regression was used to test hypotheses regarding whether aspiring entrepreneurs seeking convenience-based support for their new business ideas would be less successful than their counterpart entrepreneurs seeking support for their existing businesses. Findings The findings show that aspiring entrepreneurs received less convenience-based support for their new business ideas from key resource providers than their peer entrepreneurs asking for support for existing businesses. The findings also suggest that this liability of newer than newness may be able to be mitigated by reputational signals such as the creditworthiness of the entrepreneur making the request. Originality/value This study focuses on the original insights Stinchcombe introduced when he described the social conditions that produce the liability of newness. Moreover, this study offers explicit theory as to the key mechanisms that cause the liability of newness by focusing on an aspiring entrepreneur’s ability to secure convenience-based support and potential ways an aspiring entrepreneur may offset that liability.

scholarly journals Alternative duty work as workplace-initiated procedure to reduce sickness absence

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Mattila-Holappa ◽  
Johanna Kausto ◽  
Ville Aalto ◽  
Leena Kaila-Kangas ◽  
Mika Kivimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Purpose Alternative duty work is a procedure that enables an employee with a short-term disability to perform modified duties as an alternative to sickness absence. We examined whether the implementation of an alternative duty policy was associated with reduced sickness absence in the Finnish public sector. Methods Two city administrations (A and D) that implemented an alternative duty work policy to their employees (n = 5341 and n = 7538) served as our intervention cities, and two city administrations (B and C) that did not implement the policy represented the reference cities (n = 6976 and n = 6720). The outcomes were the number of annual days, all episodes, and short-term (< 10 days) episodes during the 2 years before versus the 2 years after the intervention year. We applied repeated measures negative binomial regression analyses, using the generalized estimating equations method and the difference-in-difference analysis to compare the intervention and control cities (adjusted for sex, age, type of job contract, occupational class). Results During the five-year study period, the number of sickness absence days and episodes increased in both the intervention and control cities. Covariate-adjusted analysis of relative risk showed that the overall increase in post- versus pre-intervention sickness absence days was smaller in intervention City A, RR = 1.14 (95% CI = 1.09–1.21) than in control cities B and C, RR = 1.19 (95% CI =1.14–1.24), group × time interaction p < 0.02. In intervention City D, we found a corresponding result regarding all sickness absence episodes and short-term sickness absence episodes but not days. Conclusions This follow-up suggests that implementing an alternative duty work policy may marginally decrease employees’ sickness absences.

149 Uptake of C18:0 from culture media during invitro culture decreases cryosurvival rates of bovine embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
I. Bertijn ◽  
B. M. Gadella ◽  
H. T. A. van Tol ◽  
A. Rijneveld ◽  
P. L. A. M. Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Cryosurvival of invitro-produced bovine embryos is lower than that of invivo-produced embryos, limiting their usability in the field. Previous work showed that the embryo’s lipid composition relates to its quality and cryosurvival. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of free fatty acid (FA) additions to embryo culture media during the oviduct phase of embryonic development on the improvement of cryosurvival of invitro-produced blastocysts. Bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (n=1675, 3 replicates) were harvested from slaughterhouse ovaries, invitro matured (23h), and subsequently fertilized (18–20h). Embryos were cultured until Day 5 post-fertilization in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) with (1) bovine serum albumin (BSA; control, n=253); (2) delipidified BSA (&gt;96% FA free, n=460); (3), delipidified BSA complexed with 25µM unsaturated oleic acid (C18:1, n=455); or (4) with saturated stearic acid (C18:0, n=507) with a stoichiometry of 5:1. At Day 5, SOF was refreshed and embryos were cultured without supplementation. At Days 7 and 8, blastocyst rates were determined. Blastocysts were LD540 stained for lipid droplets (LD), and the LD number and size were analysed by ANOVA. Cryosurvival%, defined by re-expansion of the blastocoel, was analysed by logistic regression. Additionally, fresh and frozen–thawed blastocysts were stained for apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling, TUNEL), necrosis (EthD-1), and DNA (Hoechst 33342) and analysed using negative binomial regression. Group differences were tested using a post hoc Tukey test. Statistical analysis was performed in R Studio (version 3.4.2), and P-values &lt;0.05 were considered significant. FA-free culture delayed and decreased blastocyst rates to 19% compared with any FA supplementation: 35%, 27%, and 29% for control, C18:1, and C18:0, respectively (P&lt;0.04). Cryosurvival doubled with culture in FA-free SOF (58%) and C18:1 (63%) compared with C18:0 (23% P=0.01 and P&lt;0.01, respectively) and control (29%; P=0.15 and P&lt;0.02, respectively), approaching cryosurvival rates of donated multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) embryos (CRV Company; 67%). C18:0 exposure also resulted in elevated necrosis levels after cryopreservation (5–8% of cells), compared with all groups (2–4%; P&lt;0.016). The LD size increased in blastocysts cultured with C18:1 compared with all groups (3.1µm2 vs. 2.4–2.7µm2; P&lt;0.016). C18:0 addition to SOF during embryo culture invitro, as well as a mixture of FA in control SOF (including C18:0), caused a reduction of ∼50% in blastocyst cryosurvival compared with MOET blastocysts. Interestingly, either C18:1 addition or the complete omission of FA in SOF during embryo culture invitro restored the cryosurvival of blastocysts to the level of MOET blastocysts. Currently, we are investigating whether the free FA conditions in the oviduct endorse the distinct quality between invivo- and invitro-produced embryos.

scholarly journals The Association of Nursing Home Staffing Levels With Consumer Complaints

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 699-700
Author(s):  
Lindsay Peterson ◽  
John Bowblis ◽  
Dylan Jester ◽  
Kathryn Hyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Nursing Assistant ◽  
Licensed Practical Nurse ◽  
Staffing Levels ◽  
Practical Nurse ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Important Quality

Abstract Nursing homes (NH) are inspected annually, however, residents and others can file complaints any time. Complaints are critical to NH oversight. Another important quality factor is staffing. Our objective was to examine the association of complaints and staffing levels in a 2017 sample of 14,194 freestanding NHs. We used federal data on NH complaints, quality, staffing, and other characteristics. The outcomes were having received at least one complaint (or not) and numbers of complaints. Using logit and negative binomial regression, controlling for facility and resident characteristics, we found greater registered nurse, nursing assistant, and social services staffing were associated with fewer complaints. Interestingly, licensed practical nurse (LPN) staffing was associated with a higher likelihood of receiving a complaint. Results are consistent with literature on nurse staffing and quality. LPN results raise questions about substituting LPNs for RNs. The social services results show social services staffing may be important for quality.

scholarly journals On the main factors influencing COVID-19 spread and deaths in Mexico: A comparison between Phase I and II

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Benita ◽  
Francisco Gasca-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spread Dynamics ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractThis article investigates the geographical spread of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths across municipalities in Mexico. It focuses on the spread dynamics between Phase I (from March 23th to May 31st, 2020) and II (from June 1st to August 22th, 2020) of the social distancing measures. It also examines municipal-level factors associated with cumulative COVID-19 cases and deaths to understand the spatial determinants of the pandemic. The analysis of the geographic pattern of the pandemic via Space-Time Scan Statistics (SaTScan) revealed fast spread among municipalities. During Phase I, clusters of infections and deaths were mainly located at the center of the country, while in Phase II, these clusters dispersed to the rest of the country. The regression results from the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression analysis suggested that income inequality, prevalence of obesity and diabetes, and concentration of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) are strongly positively associated to confirmed cases and deaths regardless of lockdown.

scholarly journals Municipality- level predictors of COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: a cautionary tale

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Alejandra Contreras-Manzano ◽  
Carlos M. Guerrero-López ◽  
Mercedes Aguerrebere ◽  
Ana Cristina Sedas ◽  
Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective Local characteristics of populations have been associated with COVID-19 outcomes. We analyze the Municipality-level factors associated with a high COVID-19 mortality rate of in Mexico. Methods We retrieved information from cumulative confirmed symptomatic cases and deaths of COVID-19 as of June 20th, 2020 and data from most recent census and surveys of Mexico. A negative binomial regression model was adjusted, dependent variable was the COVID-19 deaths and the independent variables were the quintiles of the distribution of sociodemographic and health characteristics among the 2,457 Municipalities of Mexico. Results Factors associated with high MR of COVID-19, relative to Quintile 1 were; diabetes and obesity prevalence, diabetes mortality rate, indigenous population, economically active population, density of economic units that operate essential activities and population density. Among factors inversely associated with lower MR of COVID-19 were; high hypertension prevalence and houses without drainage. We identified 1,351 municipalities without confirmed COVID-19 deaths, of which, 202 had high and 82 very high expected COVID-19 mortality (Means=8 and 13.8 deaths per 100,000 respectively). Conclusion This study identified Municipalities of Mexico that could lead to a high mortality scenario later in the epidemic and warns against premature easing of mobility restrictions and to reinforce strategies of prevention and control of outbreaks in communities vulnerable to COVID-19.

Homicide Victimization in California: An Asian and Non-Asian Comparison

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohsiu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Homicide Victimization ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Social

Previous literature has not specified the contextual differences that adequately explain Asian Americans’ underinvolvement in homicide. This study examines the social contexts within which homicide takes place. Homicide data from 1991 to 1999 in California are analyzed, and the results show that, compared to other groups, Asian homicide victims are more likely to be killed by family members, to be female, and to be married. Results of a negative binomial regression analysis also show that an acculturation factor that weakens the institution of family tends to affect general homicide more for Asian Americans than non-Asians but does not affect Asian family homicide. Social disadvantage factors affect non-Asian homicide more than Asian homicide.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperatures, Humidity and Population Density on the Spreading of Covid-19 at 70 Cities/Provinces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishan Ahmed ◽  
Md. Hasnat Jaman ◽  
Goutam Saha ◽  
Pratyya Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Vital Factor

The main goal of this article is to demonstrate the impact of environmental data on the spreading of Covid-19. In this research, data has been collected from 70 cities/provinces that are affected by Covid-19. Here, environmental data refers to temperatures, humidity and population density in each of these cities/provinces. This data has been analyzed using statistical models such as Poisson, Quasi-Poisson and negative Binomial. It is found that a negative Binomial regression model is the best fit for our data. Our results reveal that average high temperature is the vital factor to slow down the spread of Covid-19. In addition, higher population density found to be an important factor for the quick spreading of Covid-19 where it is quite impossible to maintain the social distance and the virus can spread easily.

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