149 Uptake of C18:0 from culture media during invitro culture decreases cryosurvival rates of bovine embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
I. Bertijn ◽  
B. M. Gadella ◽  
H. T. A. van Tol ◽  
A. Rijneveld ◽  
P. L. A. M. Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Cryosurvival of invitro-produced bovine embryos is lower than that of invivo-produced embryos, limiting their usability in the field. Previous work showed that the embryo’s lipid composition relates to its quality and cryosurvival. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of free fatty acid (FA) additions to embryo culture media during the oviduct phase of embryonic development on the improvement of cryosurvival of invitro-produced blastocysts. Bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (n=1675, 3 replicates) were harvested from slaughterhouse ovaries, invitro matured (23h), and subsequently fertilized (18–20h). Embryos were cultured until Day 5 post-fertilization in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) with (1) bovine serum albumin (BSA; control, n=253); (2) delipidified BSA (>96% FA free, n=460); (3), delipidified BSA complexed with 25µM unsaturated oleic acid (C18:1, n=455); or (4) with saturated stearic acid (C18:0, n=507) with a stoichiometry of 5:1. At Day 5, SOF was refreshed and embryos were cultured without supplementation. At Days 7 and 8, blastocyst rates were determined. Blastocysts were LD540 stained for lipid droplets (LD), and the LD number and size were analysed by ANOVA. Cryosurvival%, defined by re-expansion of the blastocoel, was analysed by logistic regression. Additionally, fresh and frozen–thawed blastocysts were stained for apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling, TUNEL), necrosis (EthD-1), and DNA (Hoechst 33342) and analysed using negative binomial regression. Group differences were tested using a post hoc Tukey test. Statistical analysis was performed in R Studio (version 3.4.2), and P-values <0.05 were considered significant. FA-free culture delayed and decreased blastocyst rates to 19% compared with any FA supplementation: 35%, 27%, and 29% for control, C18:1, and C18:0, respectively (P<0.04). Cryosurvival doubled with culture in FA-free SOF (58%) and C18:1 (63%) compared with C18:0 (23% P=0.01 and P<0.01, respectively) and control (29%; P=0.15 and P<0.02, respectively), approaching cryosurvival rates of donated multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) embryos (CRV Company; 67%). C18:0 exposure also resulted in elevated necrosis levels after cryopreservation (5–8% of cells), compared with all groups (2–4%; P<0.016). The LD size increased in blastocysts cultured with C18:1 compared with all groups (3.1µm2 vs. 2.4–2.7µm2; P<0.016). C18:0 addition to SOF during embryo culture invitro, as well as a mixture of FA in control SOF (including C18:0), caused a reduction of ∼50% in blastocyst cryosurvival compared with MOET blastocysts. Interestingly, either C18:1 addition or the complete omission of FA in SOF during embryo culture invitro restored the cryosurvival of blastocysts to the level of MOET blastocysts. Currently, we are investigating whether the free FA conditions in the oviduct endorse the distinct quality between invivo- and invitro-produced embryos.

scholarly journals Handling of Overdispersion in the Poisson Regression Model with Negative Binomial for the Number of New Cases of Leprosy in Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yopi Ariesia Ulfa ◽  
Agus M Soleh ◽  
Bagus Sartono
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control

Based on data from the Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, in 2017, new leprosy cases that emerged on Java Island were the highest in Indonesia compared to the number of events on other islands. The purpose of this study is to compare Poisson regression to a negative binomial regression model to be applied to the data on the number of new cases of leprosy and to find out what explanatory variables have a significant effect on the number of new cases of leprosy in Java. This study's results indicate that a negative binomial regression model can overcome the Poisson regression model's overdispersion. Variables that significantly affect the number of new cases of leprosy based on the results of negative binomial regression modeling are total population, percentage of children under five years who had immunized with BCG, and percentage of the population with sustainable access to clean water.

scholarly journals Alternative duty work as workplace-initiated procedure to reduce sickness absence

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Mattila-Holappa ◽  
Johanna Kausto ◽  
Ville Aalto ◽  
Leena Kaila-Kangas ◽  
Mika Kivimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Purpose Alternative duty work is a procedure that enables an employee with a short-term disability to perform modified duties as an alternative to sickness absence. We examined whether the implementation of an alternative duty policy was associated with reduced sickness absence in the Finnish public sector. Methods Two city administrations (A and D) that implemented an alternative duty work policy to their employees (n = 5341 and n = 7538) served as our intervention cities, and two city administrations (B and C) that did not implement the policy represented the reference cities (n = 6976 and n = 6720). The outcomes were the number of annual days, all episodes, and short-term (< 10 days) episodes during the 2 years before versus the 2 years after the intervention year. We applied repeated measures negative binomial regression analyses, using the generalized estimating equations method and the difference-in-difference analysis to compare the intervention and control cities (adjusted for sex, age, type of job contract, occupational class). Results During the five-year study period, the number of sickness absence days and episodes increased in both the intervention and control cities. Covariate-adjusted analysis of relative risk showed that the overall increase in post- versus pre-intervention sickness absence days was smaller in intervention City A, RR = 1.14 (95% CI = 1.09–1.21) than in control cities B and C, RR = 1.19 (95% CI =1.14–1.24), group × time interaction p < 0.02. In intervention City D, we found a corresponding result regarding all sickness absence episodes and short-term sickness absence episodes but not days. Conclusions This follow-up suggests that implementing an alternative duty work policy may marginally decrease employees’ sickness absences.

scholarly journals Measuring the Effect of Visual Exposure and Saliency of Museum Exhibits on Visitors’ Level of Contact and Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Nubani ◽  
Alyssa Puryear ◽  
Kristy Kellom
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Spatial Variables ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Visibility Graph Analysis ◽  
And Control

This paper examines visitors’ movement patterns at the Broad Museum designed by Zaha Hadid. Characterized with free, open, and generally unbound spaces, visitors explore a curated exhibition at their own pace, route, and agenda. Unlike most other public environments, a museum lends visitors greater choice and control, and does not hold the social or spatial expectations of other facility types that might subject the visitor’s path of travel. In this study, 72 visitors were observed. A space syntax-based visibility graph analysis (VGA) was then performed to compute the visibility exposure and the spatial position of each exhibit within the museum. Negative binomial regression was used to look at the effects of spatial variables on visitors’ wayfinding, contact, and engagement with the pieces. Results showed that both the amount of visibility area around each exhibit, and its spatial position measured using space syntax techniques explained why visitors established a contact with the piece and their wayfinding behavior. Interestingly, however, the saliency of exhibits along with spatial variables were both strong predictors for why people arriving in groups split to engage with that particular exhibit. The simulation used in this study could be useful in curatorial decisions.

scholarly journals Municipality- level predictors of COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: a cautionary tale

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Alejandra Contreras-Manzano ◽  
Carlos M. Guerrero-López ◽  
Mercedes Aguerrebere ◽  
Ana Cristina Sedas ◽  
Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective Local characteristics of populations have been associated with COVID-19 outcomes. We analyze the Municipality-level factors associated with a high COVID-19 mortality rate of in Mexico. Methods We retrieved information from cumulative confirmed symptomatic cases and deaths of COVID-19 as of June 20th, 2020 and data from most recent census and surveys of Mexico. A negative binomial regression model was adjusted, dependent variable was the COVID-19 deaths and the independent variables were the quintiles of the distribution of sociodemographic and health characteristics among the 2,457 Municipalities of Mexico. Results Factors associated with high MR of COVID-19, relative to Quintile 1 were; diabetes and obesity prevalence, diabetes mortality rate, indigenous population, economically active population, density of economic units that operate essential activities and population density. Among factors inversely associated with lower MR of COVID-19 were; high hypertension prevalence and houses without drainage. We identified 1,351 municipalities without confirmed COVID-19 deaths, of which, 202 had high and 82 very high expected COVID-19 mortality (Means=8 and 13.8 deaths per 100,000 respectively). Conclusion This study identified Municipalities of Mexico that could lead to a high mortality scenario later in the epidemic and warns against premature easing of mobility restrictions and to reinforce strategies of prevention and control of outbreaks in communities vulnerable to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Is area deprivation associated with greater impacts of COVID-19 in care homes across England? A preliminary analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Malthe Bach-Mortensen ◽  
Michelle Degli Esposti
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted care homes and vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing health inequalities. However, the role of area deprivation in shaping the impacts of COVID-19 in care homes is poorly understood. We examine whether area deprivation is linked to higher rates of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths among care home residents across upper tier local authorities in England (n=149).MethodsWe constructed a novel dataset from publicly available data. Using negative binomial regression models, we analysed the associations between area deprivation (Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) extent) as the exposure and COVID-19 outbreaks, COVID-19-related deaths and all-cause deaths among care home residents as three separate outcomes—adjusting for population characteristics (size, age composition, ethnicity).ResultsCOVID-19 outbreaks in care homes did not vary by area deprivation. However, COVID-19-related deaths were more common in the most deprived quartiles of IDAOPI (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47) and IMD extent (IRR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34), compared with the least deprived quartiles.DiscussionThese findings suggest that area deprivation is a key risk factor in COVID-19 deaths among care home residents. Future research should look to replicate these results when more complete data become available.

scholarly journals Association between fatality rate of COVID-19 and selenium deficiency in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yang Zhang ◽  
An-Ran Zhang ◽  
Qing-Bin Lu ◽  
Xiao-Ai Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background COVID-19 has impacted populations around the world, with the fatality rate varying dramatically across countries. Selenium, as one of the important micronutrients implicated in viral infections, was suggested to play roles. Methods An ecological study was performed to assess the association between the COVID-19 related fatality and the selenium content both from crops and topsoil, in China. Results Totally, 14,045 COVID-19 cases were reported from 147 cities during 8 December 2019–13 December 2020 were included. Based on selenium content in crops, the case fatality rates (CFRs) gradually increased from 1.17% in non-selenium-deficient areas, to 1.28% in moderate-selenium-deficient areas, and further to 3.16% in severe-selenium-deficient areas (P = 0.002). Based on selenium content in topsoil, the CFRs gradually increased from 0.76% in non-selenium-deficient areas, to 1.70% in moderate-selenium-deficient areas, and further to 1.85% in severe-selenium-deficient areas (P < 0.001). The zero-inflated negative binomial regression model showed a significantly higher fatality risk in cities with severe-selenium-deficient selenium content in crops than non-selenium-deficient cities, with incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 3.88 (95% CIs: 1.21–12.52), which was further confirmed by regression fitting the association between CFR of COVID-19 and selenium content in topsoil, with the IRR of 2.38 (95% CIs: 1.14–4.98) for moderate-selenium-deficient cities and 3.06 (1.49–6.27) for severe-selenium-deficient cities. Conclusions Regional selenium deficiency might be related to an increased CFR of COVID-19. Future studies are needed to explore the associations between selenium status and disease outcome at individual-level.

scholarly journals Statistical models for analyzing count data: predictors of length of stay among HIV patients in Portugal using a multilevel model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Nabil Shaaban ◽  
Bárbara Peleteiro ◽  
Maria Rosario O. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background This study offers a comprehensive approach to precisely analyze the complexly distributed length of stay among HIV admissions in Portugal. Objective To provide an illustration of statistical techniques for analysing count data using longitudinal predictors of length of stay among HIV hospitalizations in Portugal. Method Registered discharges in the Portuguese National Health Service (NHS) facilities Between January 2009 and December 2017, a total of 26,505 classified under Major Diagnostic Category (MDC) created for patients with HIV infection, with HIV/AIDS as a main or secondary cause of admission, were used to predict length of stay among HIV hospitalizations in Portugal. Several strategies were applied to select the best count fit model that includes the Poisson regression model, zero-inflated Poisson, the negative binomial regression model, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. A random hospital effects term has been incorporated into the negative binomial model to examine the dependence between observations within the same hospital. A multivariable analysis has been performed to assess the effect of covariates on length of stay. Results The median length of stay in our study was 11 days (interquartile range: 6–22). Statistical comparisons among the count models revealed that the random-effects negative binomial models provided the best fit with observed data. Admissions among males or admissions associated with TB infection, pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, or mycobacterium disease exhibit a highly significant increase in length of stay. Perfect trends were observed in which a higher number of diagnoses or procedures lead to significantly higher length of stay. The random-effects term included in our model and refers to unexplained factors specific to each hospital revealed obvious differences in quality among the hospitals included in our study. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive approach to address unique problems associated with the prediction of length of stay among HIV patients in Portugal.

scholarly journals Association between breakfast skipping and metabolic outcomes by sex, age, and work status stratification

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Heo ◽  
Won-Jun Choi ◽  
Seunghon Ham ◽  
Seong-Kyu Kang ◽  
Wanhyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background The association between breakfast skipping and abnormal metabolic outcomes remains controversial. A comprehensive study with various stratified data is required. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between abnormal metabolic outcomes and breakfast skipping by sex, age, and work status stratification. Methods We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2013 to 2018. A total of 21,193 (9022 men and 12,171 women) participants were included in the final analysis. The risk of metabolic outcomes linked to breakfast skipping was estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis by sex, work status, and age stratification. Results A total of 11,952 (56.4%) participants consumed breakfast regularly. The prevalence of abnormal metabolic outcomes was higher among those with irregular breakfast consumption habits. Among young male workers, negative binomial regression analysis showed that irregular breakfast eaters had a higher risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes, after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.27). Conclusions The risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes was significant in young men in the working population. Further studies are required to understand the association of specific working conditions (working hours or shift work) with breakfast intake status and the risk of metabolic diseases.

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