scholarly journals A Challenge for Palliative Psychology: Freedom of Choice at the End of Life among the Attitudes of Physicians and Nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Testoni ◽  
Camilla Bortolotti ◽  
Sara Pompele ◽  
Lucia Ronconi ◽  
Gloria Baracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Religious Orientation Scale ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Education Courses ◽  
Method Approach

This article considers a particular aspect of palliative psychology that is inherent to the needs in the area of attitudes concerning Advance Healthcare Directives (AHDs) among Italian physicians and nurses after the promulgation of Law No. 219/2017 on AHDs and informed consent in 2018. The study utilized a mixed-method approach. The group of participants was composed of 102 healthcare professionals (63 females and 39 males). The quantitative part utilized the following scales: Attitudes toward Euthanasia, the Religious Orientation Scale, the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, and the Testoni Death Representation Scale. The results were mostly in line with the current literature, especially concerning a positive correlation between religiosity and the participants’ rejection of the idea of euthanasia. However, the qualitative results showed both positive and negative attitudes towards AHDs, with four main thematic areas: “Positive aspects of the new law and of AHDs”, “Negative aspects of the new law and of AHDs”, “Changes that occurred in the professional context and critical incidents”, and “Attitudes towards euthanasia requests.” It emerged that there is not any polarization between Catholics or religious people and secularists: Their positions are substantially similar with respect to all aspects, including with regard to euthanasia. The general result is that the law is not sufficiently understood, and so a quarter of the participants associate AHDs with euthanasia. Discussions on the opportunity for palliative psychologists to help health professionals to better manage these issues through death education courses are presented.

The Euthanasia-Religion Nexus: Exploring Religious Orientation and Euthanasia Attitude Measures in a Muslim Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Aghababaei
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Intrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Extrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Religious Orientation Scale ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Using religious orientation paradigm, this twofold study examined the relationship between euthanasia attitude and religiosity, and compared single-item and multi-item scales of euthanasia attitude. Three hundred students were asked whether they view euthanasia as moral. In addition, participants completed the Euthanasia Attitude Scale (EAS) and Religious Orientation Scale-Revised. Results indicated that intrinsic religiosity was the strongest correlate of negative attitudes toward euthanasia. This type of religiosity explained additional variance when added to the two types of extrinsic religiosity (social, personal), but the reverse was not the case. The fairly strong correlation of intrinsic religiosity with the EAS provides evidence of construct validity for the EAS and proved it to be a better measure for assessing euthanasia attitude, rather than the single-item scale.

Personal Religious Orientation and Frankl's Will-To-Meaning in Four Religious Communities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Stones
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Religious Orientations ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
Religious Orientation Scale ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Purpose In Life Test

Numerous theorists argue that the anomie characteristic of contemporary mass-society results in a lack of meaning and personal identity and that membership of small religious communities serves to relieve, if not eliminate, this existential vacuum. In order to explore this area further, four religious communities in Johannesburg — the Jesus People, the Hare Krishna Devotees, the Maharaj Ji Premies and a Catholic Priest community — were given the Purpose-in-Life test together with its complementary scale (Seeking-of-Noetic- Goals Test) as well as the Religious Orientation Scale. Analysis of the data confirmed the hypotheses that as a function of integration into any one of these groups individuals' lives take on greater meaning and purpose and that the motivation to seek meaning decreases. The results also indicate that members' personal religious orientations become more intrinsic.

scholarly journals A Scripture-Specific Religious Orientation Scale: Development and Validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Khodadady
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Religious Orientation Scale ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Principal Axis Factoring ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Selection Of

Objectives: to develop a novel religious orientation scale based on the Quran and validate it with pre-university students of secondary education Method: All the Quranic ayat which addressed its believers directly regarding their religious orientation were scrutinized in terms of pre-university students’ characteristics, resulting in the selection of 57 upon which a 60-item Quranic Orientation Scale (QOS) was developed. The scale was administered to 1123 students and their responses were subjected to Principal Axis Factoring and Promax with Kaiser Normalization (PKN). Results: Out of 60 items comprising the QOS, 48 loaded acceptably and exclusively on seven rotated factors called believing in holy scriptures,, remembering and seeking Allah, fulfilling Quranic obligations, following Allah confidently, following Quranic instructions, not befriending disbelievers, and informed Quranic struggle. Both the scale and its underlying factors had internal consistency and correlated significantly with each other. Conclusion: The Quran teaches the domain of religious orientation directly to its readers as a hierarchically and culturally independent schema consisting of specific species and genera. Pre-university student, however, not only reduce the domain as regards the number of its constituting species and genera but also develop their own religious families. Going through this process consciously they render their religious orientation a hierarchically and culturally organized schema.

Forms and Degrees of Religious Commitment: Intrinsic Orientation in a Swedish Context

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Hovemyr
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Academic Environments ◽  
Religious Orientation Scale ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Intrinsic Orientation

The psychometric properties of the revised Swedish Religious Orientation Scale (SROS II) were tested in two academic environments. Intrinsic, extrinsic, and quest orientations and their relation to self-esteem were examined. An attempt was made to identify two sub-groups within the intrinsic sphere, specified as Intrinsic-Dogmatic (ID) and Intrinsic Reflective (IR), and to validate these, tentatively, in relation to degree of conservatism, using the revised Swedish Social Attitude Scale. The subjects were undergraduate students of psychology and theology. The results suggest that forms and degrees of religious commitment can be adequately measured by SROS II. The ID - IR hypothesis was supported and previous research findings with regard to self-esteem were partially replicated.

The Relationship between Religion, Religiosity and Death Anxiety among Indian Adolescents

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mahabeer ◽  
K. Bhana
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Indian Adolescents ◽  
Religious Orientation Scale ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Practical Implications

Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and the Religious Orientation Scale of the OPI were administered to 360 Indian adolescents to examine the relationship between religion and religiosity and death anxiety. Muslim subjects were found to be more death anxious than Christian and Hindu subjects. The degree of commitment to one's religious practices and beliefs did not intensify or reduce death anxiety. Further, female subjects manifested higher death anxiety than male subjects. The results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.

Religious Orientation, Incentive, Self-Esteem, and Gender as Predictors of Academic Dishonesty: An Experimental Approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Paul Williamson ◽  
Aresh Assadi
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cheating Behavior ◽  
Religious Orientation Scale ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
And Gender

It is widely assumed that religion is responsible for dictating and guiding moral behavior. This study investigated that claim and its relationship to monetary incentive, self-esteem, and gender within the context of academic dishonesty. A sample of 65 undergraduate students (32 men; 33 women) were assessed using a revision of Allport's Religious Orientation Scale (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989) and then monitored for cheating on a computerized version of the Graduate Records Exam under different experimental conditions. Self-esteem (high, average, low) and monetary incentive ($5, nothing) were manipulated, and gender was selected to measure their effect on cheating behavior. Results of this study found that: (1) participants’ religious orientation was not related to their tendency to cheat in any way; (2) participants cheated significantly more when receiving monetary incentive for their performance than when they did not; (3) participants with induced low self-esteem cheated significantly more than those with induced high self-esteem; and (4) men cheated more than women at a level that bordered on significance (p < .06). Academic performance (GPA) was not found related to academic cheating. Findings are discussed in the context of existing literature.

scholarly journals Ambivalent Sexism, Scriptural Literalism, and Religiosity

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Meghan Burn ◽  
Julia Busso
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Intrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
Extrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Religious Orientation Scale ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Scriptural Literalism

This correlational study explores the hypothesis that religiosity and scriptural literalism (the degree to which one interprets scriptures literally) are associated with sexism. Participants were female and male ( N = 504) university students who anonymously completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory ( Glick & Fiske, 1996 , 1997 , 2001a , 2001b ), the Scriptural Literalism Scale ( Hogge & Friedman, 1967 ), and the Religious Orientation Scale-Revised ( Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989 ). Intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic religiosity, and scriptural literalism were positively associated with benevolent, but not hostile, sexism. Intrinsic religiosity and scriptural literalism were positively related to the protective paternalism subscale, whereas extrinsic religiosity was related to the heterosexual intimacy, complementary gender differentiation, and protective paternalism subscales.

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