scholarly journals Biometric Identification of Taxodium spp. and Their Hybrid Progenies by Electrochemical Fingerprints

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Yuhong Zheng ◽  
Da Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Ziyang Wang ◽  
Qingwei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Biometric Identification ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Electrochemically Active ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Plant Hybrid ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Active Substances

The use of electrochemical fingerprints for plant identification is an emerging application in biosensors. In this work, Taxodium ascendens, T. distichum, T. mucronatum, and 18 of their hybrid progenies were collected for this purpose. This is the first attempt to use electrochemical fingerprinting for the identification of plant hybrid progeny. Electrochemical fingerprinting in the leaves of Taxodium spp. was recorded under two conditions. The results showed that the electrochemical fingerprints of each species and progeny possessed very suitable reproducibility. These electrochemical fingerprints represent the electrochemical behavior of electrochemically active substances in leaf tissues under specific conditions. Since these species and progenies are very closely related to each other, it is challenging to identify them directly using a particular electrochemical fingerprinting. Therefore, electrochemical fingerprints measured under different conditions were used to perform pattern recognition. We can identify different species and progenies by locating the features in different pattern maps. We also performed a phylogenetic study with data from electrochemical fingerprinting. The results proved that the electrochemical classification results and the relationship between them are closely related.

scholarly journals What Are the Best Parents for Hybrid Progeny? An Investigation into the Human Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Man You ◽  
Jianping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Fluconazole Resistance ◽  
Human Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

Hybridization between more divergent organisms is likely to generate progeny with more novel genetic interactions and genetic variations. However, the relationship between parental genetic divergence and progeny phenotypic variation remains largely unknown. Here, using strains of the human pathogenic Cryptococcus, we investigated the patterns of such a relationship. Twenty-two strains with up to 15% sequence divergence were mated. Progeny were genotyped at 16 loci. Parental strains and their progeny were phenotyped for growth ability at two temperatures, melanin production at seven conditions, and susceptibility to the antifungal drug fluconazole. We observed three patterns of relationships between parents and progeny for each phenotypic trait, including (i) similar to one of the parents, (ii) intermediate between the parents, and (iii) outside the parental phenotypic range. We found that as genetic distance increases between parental strains, progeny showed increased fluconazole resistance and growth at 37 °C but decreased melanin production under various oxidative and nitrosative stresses. Our findings demonstrate that, depending on the traits, both evolutionarily more similar strains and more divergent strains may be better parents to generate progeny with hybrid vigor. Together, the results indicate the enormous potential of Cryptococcus hybrids in their evolution and adaptation to diverse conditions.

Responses of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Witchgrass (Panicum capillare) Seeds to Anesthetics

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray B. Taylorson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Activity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Anesthetic Activity ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Stimulation Of

Substances having anesthetic-like properties were examined for stimulation of redroot pigweed and witchgrass seed germination. Chemicals included the n-alcohols through C-5, 2-propanol, benzyl alcohol, diethyl ether, chloroform, and 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethanol. Redroot pigweed seeds required the far-red absorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr) for an anesthetic substance to increase germination, but in witchgrass seeds the active anesthetic substances stimulated germination without added Pfr. The correlation coefficient comparing relative activity (RA) versus the membrane/buffer partition coefficient (M/B) of the active substances was very poor (−0.37) for pigweed seeds but was −0.91 for witchgrass. Leakage of cellular materials, including electrolytes, substances absorbing at 280 nm, and amino acids from seeds treated with either active or inactive anesthetics, was not particularly indicative of effects on germination in both species. Application of increased pressure (0.965 MPa) during anesthetic treatment, which in animals prevents anesthesia, was found to act oppositely and increase seed response to ethanol in redroot pigweed seeds, but in witchgrass seeds pressure suppressed the stimulatory action of ethanol. In both species, pressure appeared to have an action of its own, but for this action to be expressed the presence of a stimulatory anesthetic was also required. The results do not appear to support a good relationship of anesthetic activity with seed membrane lipophilic components in redroot pigweed seeds, but the relationship seems likely for witchgrass seeds.

scholarly journals Peripheral Manifestations in Age Related Macular Degeneration: A Review of Imaging and Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3993
Author(s):  
Andrew Pivovar ◽  
Patrick Oellers
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: To review novel findings in research with ultra-widefield imaging for analysis of peripheral manifestations in macular degeneration (AMD). We introduce the evolving widefield imaging modalities while summarizing the analytical techniques used in data collection of peripheral retinal findings thus far. Our review provides a summary of advancements to date and a commentary on future direction for AMD research. Methods: This is a literature review of all significant publications focused on the relationship between AMD and the retinal periphery conducted within the last two decades. Results and Conclusion: Promising research has been undertaken to elucidate peripheral retinal manifestations in macular degeneration using novel methodology. Advancements in ultra-widefield imaging and fundus autofluorescence have allowed us to elucidate peripheral retinal pigmentary changes, drusen deposition, and much more. Novel grid overlay techniques have been introduced to aid in analyzing these changes for pattern recognition and grouping of findings. This review discusses these findings in detail, providing evidence for the pan-retinal manifestations of AMD. Inter-study discordance in analytical approach highlights a need for more systematic future study.

scholarly journals First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora sordida on Butterflybush (Buddleja stachyoides) in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-560
Author(s):  
S. T. Albuquerque ◽  
F. B. Rocha ◽  
R. W. Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Representative Specimen ◽  
Podosphaera Xanthii ◽  
First Report ◽  
Blast Search ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Plant Press ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Butterflybush (common name in Brazil, verbasco), Buddleja stachyoides Cham. & Schltdl. (Buddlejaceae), is an erect herb or small shrub, native to Brazil, that is listed both as a folk medicinal plant and as a pasture weed (4). In March 2012, a group of B. stachyoides plants growing in a pasture in Viçosa (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), were found bearing typical downy mildew symptoms. The only pathogen reported associated with this plant species is Podosphaera xanthii (1) and because there is no record of downy mildew on members of Buddleja in Brazil, an investigation was carried out to clarify the pathogen identity. Diseased plants had lesions on living leaves that were vein-delimited, chlorotic, coalescing, and becoming necrotic adaxially and bearing downy mildew-like colonies over diseased tissues abaxially. The samples were dried in a plant press and a representative specimen was deposited in the local herbarium at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Accession No. VIC 31836). Reproductive structures were scraped from leaves with a scalpel and mounted in lactophenol. Preliminary observations indicated the pathogen as belonging to Peronospora (Peronosporaceae). The pathogen had the following morphology: Sporangiophores are 288 to 641 μm long, dichotomously branching up to seven times, hyaline, smooth, 5 to 16 μm wide at the trunk, branches 63 to 202 μm long; tips subacute, in pairs or rarely single, 5 to 19 μm long; sporangia subglobose to ellipsoidal, 12 to 22 × 11 to 17 μm, pale yellowish brown, non-papillate. Only one species of Peronospora is known to infect members of Buddleja, namely Peronospora hariotii Gäum. (1). Nevertheless, the pathogen on B. stachyoides has smaller sporangia as compared to those of P. hariotii (20 to 26 × 16 to 21 μm) (2) and it was closer to P. sordida (3). DNA of the pathogen from B. stachyoides was extracted and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were sequenced. Sequences were deposited in GenBank (COX2 as JX982637; ITS as JX982638). A BLAST search yielded 99% and 100% of maximum identity with P. sordida for COX2 and ITS, respectively. A more detailed phylogenetic study is necessary to clarify the relationship between P. sordida, P. hariotii, and related species causing downy mildew on closely related hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sordida occurring on a member of the genus Buddleja. This is also the first time that P. sordida is reported from South America. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , 19 October 2012. (2) S. M. Francis. C.M.I. Descr. Pathog. Fungi Bact. 767:1, 1983. (3) G. Hall. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1062:1, 1991. (4) K. G. Kissmann and D. Groth. Plantas Infestantes e Nocivas. São Paulo, BASF, 1997.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Eye Tracking Resolution and Performance of Oculomotoric Biometric Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 2088-2097
Author(s):  
Paul Prasse ◽  
Lena A. Jäger ◽  
Silvia Makowski ◽  
Moritz Feuerpfeil ◽  
Tobias Scheffer
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Biometric Identification ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Titer and Distribution of Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni in Prunus avium

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Ann Wright ◽  
Madalyn K Shires ◽  
Cody Molnar ◽  
Garrett Bishop ◽  
Alexandra M. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Severe Symptom ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
The Relationship

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’ infection in cherries causes small, misshapen fruit with poor color and taste, rendering the fruit unmarketable. However, this is a disease with a long development cycle and a scattered, non-uniform symptom distribution in the early stages. To better understand the biology as well as the relationship between pathogen titer and disease expression, we carried out seasonal, spatial, and temporal examinations of ‘Ca. P. pruni’ titer and distribution in infected orchard-grown trees. Sequential sampling of heavily infected trees revealed marked seasonal patterns, with differential accumulation in woody stem and leaf tissues, and most notably within fruit in the early stages of development from bloom to pit hardening. Furthermore, mapping phytoplasma distribution and titer in trees at different stages of infection indicated that infection proceeds through a series of stages. Initially, infection spreads basipetally and accumulates in the roots before populating aerial parts of the trees from the trunk upwards, with infection of specific tissues and limbs followed by an increasing phytoplasma titer. Finally, we observed a correlation between phytoplasma titer and symptom severity, with severe symptom onset associated with 3-4 orders of magnitude more phytoplasma than mild symptoms. Cumulatively, these data aid in accurate sampling and management decision making and furthers our understanding of disease development.

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