scholarly journals Electromagnetic Torso Scanning: A Review of Devices, Algorithms, and Systems

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Sasan Ahdi Ahdi Rezaeieh ◽  
Amin Darvazehban ◽  
Azin S. Janani ◽  
Amin M. Abbosh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thoracic Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Imaging Algorithms ◽  
Scanning Systems

The past decade has witnessed a surge into research on disruptive technologies that either challenge or complement conventional thoracic diagnostic modalities. The non-ionizing, non-invasive, compact, and low power requirements of electromagnetic (EM) techniques make them among the top contenders with varieties of proposed scanning systems, which can be used to detect wide range of thoracic illnesses. Different configurations, antenna topologies and detection or imaging algorithms are utilized in these systems. Hence, to appreciate their progress and assess their potential, a critical review of EM thoracic scanning systems is presented. Considering the numerous thoracic diseases, such as fatty liver disease, lung cancer, respiratory and heart related complications, this paper will exclusively focus on torso scanning systems, tracing the early foundation of research that studied the possibility of using EM waves to detect thoracic diseases besides exploring recent progresses. The advantages and disadvantages of proposed systems and future possibilities are thoroughly discussed.

scholarly journals Utility of Photodynamic Therapy in Dentistry: Current Concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Anette Stájer ◽  
Szilvia Kajári ◽  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
Aima Musah-Eroje ◽  
Zoltán Baráth
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range

The significant growth in scientific and technological advancements within the field of dentistry has resulted in a wide range of novel treatment modalities for dentists to use. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, non-invasive treatment method, involving photosensitizers, light of a specific wavelength and the generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate unwanted eukaryotic cells (e.g., malignancies in the oral cavity) or pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this review article is to summarize the history, general concepts, advantages and disadvantages of PDT and to provide examples for current indications of PDT in various subspecialties of dentistry (oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine, endodontics, preventive dentistry, periodontology and implantology), in addition to presenting some images from our own experiences about the clinical success with PDT.

Synthetic draw solutes for forward osmosis: status and future

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaozhen Chen ◽  
Wenxuan Xu ◽  
Qingchun Ge
Keyword(s):  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solute Fluxes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthesis Routes

Abstract Forward osmosis (FO) has developed rapidly over the past decade. The development of draw solutes, a key component of FO processes, has also progressed remarkably. A wide range of synthetic draw solutes have been explored in recent years. Synthetic draw solutes exhibit superiority over the conventional draw solutes obtained commercially in terms of lower reverse solute fluxes and less energy consumption in draw solute recycling. However, there are still some big challenges for synthetic draw solutes, such as complicated synthetic procedures, low water fluxes, severe concentration polarization (CP) and decreased water recovery efficiency when recycled draw solutes are reused in FO. These challenges are also the current research focus on the exploration of novel draw solutes. This article aims to review the recent progress especially on synthetic draw solutes. Their design strategies, synthesis routes and FO performance are assessed. Some representative applications involving the synthetic draw solutes-facilitated FO processes are exemplified. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing synthetic draw solutions are evaluated. The challenges and future directions in exploring novel draw solutes are highlighted.

Archaeological techniques and technology on Ross Island, Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (159) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville A. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Ross Dependency

AbstractMajor archaeological excavations have been conducted at Scott's 1910–13 expedition hut site on Cape Evans, Ross Island, Ross Dependency, Antarctica over the past three years. The work has involved experimentation and the use of a wide range of equipment for excavating in ice and permafrosted ground and to deal with specific problems encountered during archaeological fieldwork in a frozen environment such as Antarctica. The equipment, its operations, and advantages and disadvantages are described.

Proton NMR studies of brain metabolism

1990 ◽  
Vol 333 (1632) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Glycolytic Metabolism ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Very High

As a result of several technical developments that have taken place over the past few years, it is now possible to obtain 1 H spectra of very high quality from localized regions of the human brain. 1 H spectroscopy provides scope for detecting a wide range of metabolites, and offers spatial resolution that is superior to that available with other nuclei. The animal and clinical studies that have so far been reported indicate that abnormal 1 H spectra are associated with a variety of disorders of the brain. Among the metabolites of interest are lactate and N -acetylaspartate. The signal from lactate can provide information about abnormal glycolytic metabolism, for example in brain tumours and cerebrovascular disease. N -Acetylaspartate is believed to be located primarily in neurons, and its signal could prove to be particularly useful as a non-invasive marker for neurons.

scholarly journals Non-invasive imaging techniques in assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a current status of available methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Lăpădat ◽  
◽  
IR Jianu ◽  
BS Ungureanu ◽  
LM Florescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an ailment affecting and increasing a number of people worldwide diagnosed via non-invasive imaging techniques, at a time when a minimum harm caused by medical procedures is rightfully emphasized, more sought after, than ever before. Liver steatosis should not be taken lightly even if its evolution is largely benign as it has the potential to develop into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or even more concerning, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Traditionally, liver biopsy has been the standard for diagnosing this particular liver disease, but nowadays, a consistent number of imagistic methods are available for diagnosing hepatosteatosis and choosing the one appropriate to the clinical context is the key. Although different in sensitivity and specificity when it comes to determining the hepatic fat fraction (FF), these imaging techniques possessing a diverse availability, operating difficulty, cost, and reproducibility are invaluable to any modern physician. Ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), elastography, and spectroscopy will be discussed in order to lay out the advantages and disadvantages of their diagnostic potential and application.Although imagistics has given physicians a valuable insight into the means of managing NAFLD, the current methods are far from perfect, but given the time, they will surely be improved and the use of liver biopsy will be completely removed.

Deposition Technologies For Micromanufacturing: A Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kadekar ◽  
Weiya Fang ◽  
Frank Liou
Keyword(s):  
Powder Flow ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
Powder Flow Rate ◽  
Deposition Technology ◽  
Material Powder

This paper discusses the microdeposition technologies used in the fabrication of meso- and microscale structures. The ability to process a wide range of materials and the flexibility to build functional and geometrically complex structures in meso- and microscale gives the microdeposition method some advantages over micromachining or lithography methods investigated extensively in the past. In this paper, work on deposition technology is reviewed, including material, supply of material, powder flow rate, and manipulation of particles and microdeposition technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are summarized at the end of the paper.

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Pursuit of the Abscopal Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Paul B. Romesser ◽  
Christopher H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tumor Irradiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tumor Recognition

AbstractEvasion of immune recognition is a hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. Systemic immune activation can incite tumor recognition and stimulate potent antitumor responses. While the concept of antitumor immunity is not new, there is renewed interest in tumor immunology given the clinical success of immune modulators in a wide range of cancer subtypes over the past decade. One particularly interesting, yet exceedingly rare phenomenon, is the abscopal response, characterized by a potent systemic antitumor response following localized tumor irradiation presumably attributed to reactivation of antitumor immunity.

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