scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Functionalization of Flexible Optical Biosensors: Toward Smart Life-Sciences Applications

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Bruno Miranda ◽  
Ilaria Rea ◽  
Principia Dardano ◽  
Luca De Stefano ◽  
Carlo Forestiere
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Optical Biosensors ◽  
Planar Surfaces

Over the last 30 years, optical biosensors based on nanostructured materials have obtained increasing interest since they allow the screening of a wide variety of biomolecules with high specificity, low limits of detection, and great sensitivity. Among them, flexible optical platforms have the advantage of adapting to non-planar surfaces, suitable for in vivo and real-time monitoring of diseases and assessment of food safety. In this review, we summarize the newest and most advanced platforms coupling optically active materials (noble metal nanoparticles) and flexible substrates giving rise to hybrid nanomaterials and/or nanocomposites, whose performances are comparable to the ones obtained with hard substrates (e.g., glass and semiconductors). We focus on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors. We show that large-scale, cost-effective plasmonic platforms can be realized with the currently available techniques and we emphasize the open issues associated with this topic.

scholarly journals Sensitive and Reproducible Gold SERS Sensor Based on Interference Lithography and Electrophoretic Deposition

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4076 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Hwang ◽  
Minyang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Interference Lithography ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Nanoparticle Array ◽  
Laser Ablation In Liquid ◽  
Label Free Detection

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising analytical tool due to its label-free detection ability and superior sensitivity, which enable the detection of single molecules. Since its sensitivity is highly dependent on localized surface plasmon resonance, various methods have been applied for electric field-enhanced metal nanostructures. Despite the intensive research on practical applications of SERS, fabricating a sensitive and reproducible SERS sensor using a simple and low-cost process remains a challenge. Here, we report a simple strategy to produce a large-scale gold nanoparticle array based on laser interference lithography and the electrophoretic deposition of gold nanoparticles, generated through a pulsed laser ablation in liquid process. The fabricated gold nanoparticle array produced a sensitive, reproducible SERS signal, which allowed Rhodamine 6G to be detected at a concentration as low as 10−8 M, with an enhancement factor of 1.25 × 105. This advantageous fabrication strategy is expected to enable practical SERS applications.

Porous Hollow Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer SERS Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Wen Huang ◽  
Yao Wu Hao ◽  
James Nyagilo ◽  
Digant P. Dave ◽  
Li Feng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Au Nanoparticle ◽  
Resonant Effect ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Sers Imaging

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising molecular imaging modality capable of simultaneously detecting multiple molecular biomarkers. With the biocompatibility and functionalizability of Au, Au-nanoparticle based Raman tags possess the potential for in vivo SERS cancer biomarker detection. Here, we report the large scale synthesis of a new type of Au nanoparticles, Porous Hollow Au Nanoparticles (PHAuNPs), and demonstrate their potential application as SERS imaging tags. PHAuNPs feature a sub-20 nm porous shell and a 50 nm void core. Such unique morphology enables them to strongly absorb and scatter near infrared lights due to the surface plasmon resonant effect of Au. This makes them particularly suitable for in vivo applications, where NIR wavelengths are considered as a ‘clear window’ for deeper penetration of light. The construction and characterization of PHAuNP-based Raman nanotag, including attachment of Raman dye, pegylation and their stability, are described. Cytotoxicity of Raman nanotags are tested using the radioactive [3H]thymidine incorporation method. The results show that pegylated Raman nanotags are stable and non-toxic and can potentially be used for in vivo applications.

scholarly journals A new Syber Green real time PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Marinowic ◽  
G. Zanirati ◽  
F.V.F. Rodrigues ◽  
M.V.C. Grahl ◽  
A.M. Alcará ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that etiologic agent of pandemic outbreak is a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. For public health interventions, a diagnostic test with high sensitivity and specificity is required. The gold standard protocol for diagnosis by WHO is the RT-PCR. To detect low viral load and large-scale screening a low-cost diagnostic test becomes necessary. Here we develop a cost-effective test capable of to detect the new coronavirues. We validated an auxiliary protocol for molecular diagnosis with RT-PCR SYBR Green methodology to successfully screen negative cases of SARS-CoV-2. Our results demonstrated that a set of primers with high specificity, and no homology with other viruses from Coronovideae family or human respiratory tract pathogenic viruses. Optimization of annealing temperature and polymerization time led to an high specificity in the PCR products. We have developed a more affordable and swift methodology for negative SARS-CoV-2 screening. This methodology can be applied on large scale populational to soften panic and economic burden through guidance for isolation strategies.

Prevention of Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins by Means of Nonnutritive Adsorbent Compounds

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO-JAVIER RAMOS ◽  
JOHANA FINK-GREMMELS ◽  
ENRIQUE HERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Biological Methods

Mycotoxins comprise a family of fungal toxins, many of which have been implicated as chemical progenitors of toxicity in man and animals. The most thoroughly studied are the aflatoxins. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological methods to counteract the mycotoxin problem have been reported, but large-scale, practical, and cost-effective methods for detoxifying mycotoxin-containing feedstuffs are currently not available. The most recent approach to the problem has been the addition to the animal's diet of nonnutritive sorbents that sequester mycotoxins and reduce their gastrointestinal absorption, avoiding their toxic effects on livestock and toxin carryover into animal products. This review comments on the in vitro efficacy of several of the adsorbents assayed, and their in vivo applications in a range of animals will be discussed. The sorbents reviewed are activated charcoal, bentonite, zeolite, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and a wide variety of clays and synthetic ion-exchange resins.

Hybrid gold nanofinger SERS structure for sensing applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansoon Kim ◽  
Zhiyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman

ABSTRACTWe report here a novel hybrid nanostructure for ultra-sensitive sensing applications based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We rationally engineered gold-coated polymer pillar structures, named as gold nanofingers, in analogy to the tweezers at nanoscale, for active molecule capture and detection using SERS technique. Using nanoimprint lithography, we have demonstrated a cost effective manufacturing method of making such hybrid structures over large scale and achieve reliable enhancement factor. In particular, we have demonstrated the sensing application of the nanofinger structures for melamine and chlropyrifos. The limit of detection (LOD) of melamine in water is found to be 10 nM (1.3 ppb), and LOD of chlropyrifos (a pesticide) is found to be 1 nM (0.35 ppb), which is below the EPA tolerance level of 0.1 ppm for chlropyrifos on citrus fruits.

scholarly journals A new SYBR Green real-time PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Marinowic ◽  
G. Zanirati ◽  
F. V. F. Rodrigues ◽  
M. V. C. Grahl ◽  
A. M. Alcará ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Sybr Green ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract

AbstractPhylogenetic analysis has demonstrated that the etiologic agent of the 2020 pandemic outbreak is a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. For public health interventions, a diagnostic test with high sensitivity and specificity is required. The gold standard protocol for diagnosis by the Word Health Organization (WHO) is RT-PCR. To detect low viral loads and perform large-scale screening, a low-cost diagnostic test is necessary. Here, we developed a cost-effective test capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2. We validated an auxiliary protocol for molecular diagnosis with the SYBR Green RT-PCR methodology to successfully screen negative cases of SARS-CoV-2. Our results revealed a set of primers with high specificity and no homology with other viruses from the Coronovideae family or human respiratory tract pathogenic viruses, presenting with complementarity only for rhinoviruses/enteroviruses and Legionella spp. Optimization of the annealing temperature and polymerization time led to a high specificity in the PCR products. We have developed a more affordable and swift methodology for negative SARS-CoV-2 screening. This methodology can be applied on a large scale to soften panic and economic burden through guidance for isolation strategies.

scholarly journals A core-shell Au@Cu2-xSe heterogeneous metal nanocomposite for photoacoustic and computed tomography dual-imaging-guided photothermal boosted chemodynamic therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Zhang ◽  
Chunjuan Jiang ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Zhengwang Liu ◽  
Bingxin Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dual Imaging

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) has aroused extensive attention for conquering cancers because of its high specificity and low invasiveness. Quick generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) during CDT could induce more irreparable damage to cancer cells. The generation rate of ·OH could be magnified via the selection of suitable nanocatalysts or under the assistance of exogenous thermal energy from photothermal therapy (PTT). Here, we construct a kind of monodisperse core-shell Au@Cu2-xSe heterogeneous metal nanoparticles (NPs) for PTT boosted CDT synergistic therapy. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling effect in the core-shell structure, the photothermal conversion efficiency of Au@Cu2-xSe NPs is up to 56.6%. The in situ generated heat from photothermal can then accelerate the Fenton-like reaction at Cu+ sites to produce abundant ·OH, which will induce apoptotic cell death by attacking DNA, contributing to a heat-boosted CDT. Both in vitro and in vivo results showed that after this synergistic therapy, tumors could be remarkably suppressed. Guided by photoacoustic (PA) and computed tomography (CT) imaging, the therapeutic effects were more specified. Our results revealed that PA and CT dual-imaging-guided PTT boosted CDT synergistic therapy based on core-shell Au@Cu2-xSe NPs is an effective cancer treatment strategy. Graphical Abstract

Fabrication and Applications of Long-Range Ordered Au Nanodisk Arrays

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Bing Zheng ◽  
Bala Krishna Juluri ◽  
Tony Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Microfluidic Channels

Large-scale nanostructure arrays with spatial coherence are useful for many applications. Conventional nanofabrication techniques such as electron beam lithography and focused ion beam lithography are expensive and time-consuming. In this paper, long-range ordered Au nanodisk arrays were fabricated on glass substrates using nanosphere lithography (NSL) combined with reactive ion etching (RIE) techniques. The morphology and size distribution of the Au nanodisks were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The sensitivity of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au nanodisk arrays to change in the surroundings’ refractive index was evaluated by integrating the Au nanodisk arrays into microfluidic channels. The measured sensitivity was supported by discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculations. Further, we designed and fabricated an all-optical plasmonic switch based on the Au nanodisk arrays and photoresponsive liquid crystals (LCs). The high-quality optical properties and high-degree spatial uniformity of the nanodisk arrays, together with simple, low-cost fabrication and easy integration with microfluidic system, suggest tremendous potential in using these nanostructures in many other applications, including biosensing and imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and plasmonic tweezers.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts as Beneficial Prospect for Cancer Theranostics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6389
Author(s):  
Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj ◽  
Bijuli Rabha ◽  
Siddhartha Pati ◽  
Tanmay Sarkar ◽  
Bhabesh Kumar Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Cancer Theranostics ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely explored and are well-known for their medical applications. Chemical and physical synthesis methods are a way to make AuNPs. In any case, the hunt for other more ecologically friendly and cost-effective large-scale technologies, such as environmentally friendly biological processes known as green synthesis, has been gaining interest by worldwide researchers. The international focus on green nanotechnology research has resulted in various nanomaterials being used in environmentally and physiologically acceptable applications. Several advantages over conventional physical and chemical synthesis (simple, one-step approach to synthesize, cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and biocompatibility) have drawn scientists’ attention to exploring the green synthesis of AuNPs by exploiting plants’ secondary metabolites. Biogenic approaches, mainly the plant-based synthesis of metal nanoparticles, have been chosen as the ideal strategy due to their environmental and in vivo safety, as well as their ease of synthesis. In this review, we reviewed the use of green synthesized AuNPs in the treatment of cancer by utilizing phytochemicals found in plant extracts. This article reviews plant-based methods for producing AuNPs, characterization methods of synthesized AuNPs, and discusses their physiochemical properties. This study also discusses recent breakthroughs and achievements in using green synthesized AuNPs in cancer treatment and different mechanisms of action, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation, leading to apoptosis, etc., for their anticancer and cytotoxic effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying AuNPs therapeutic efficacy will aid in developing personalized medicines and treatments for cancer as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Zebrafish Models of Cancer—New Insights on Modeling Human Cancer in a Non-Mammalian Vertebrate

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hason ◽  
Bartůněk
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dynamic Visualization ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Vertebrate Model

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable non-mammalian vertebrate model widely used to study development and disease, including more recently cancer. The evolutionary conservation of cancer-related programs between human and zebrafish is striking and allows extrapolation of research outcomes obtained in fish back to humans. Zebrafish has gained attention as a robust model for cancer research mainly because of its high fecundity, cost-effective maintenance, dynamic visualization of tumor growth in vivo, and the possibility of chemical screening in large numbers of animals at reasonable costs. Novel approaches in modeling tumor growth, such as using transgene electroporation in adult zebrafish, could improve our knowledge about the spatial and temporal control of cancer formation and progression in vivo. Looking at genetic as well as epigenetic alterations could be important to explain the pathogenesis of a disease as complex as cancer. In this review, we highlight classic genetic and transplantation models of cancer in zebrafish as well as provide new insights on advances in cancer modeling. Recent progress in zebrafish xenotransplantation studies and drug screening has shown that zebrafish is a reliable model to study human cancer and could be suitable for evaluating patient-derived xenograft cell invasiveness. Rapid, large-scale evaluation of in vivo drug responses and kinetics in zebrafish could undoubtedly lead to new applications in personalized medicine and combination therapy. For all of the above-mentioned reasons, zebrafish is approaching a future of being a pre-clinical cancer model, alongside the mouse. However, the mouse will continue to be valuable in the last steps of pre-clinical drug screening, mostly because of the highly conserved mammalian genome and biological processes.

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