scholarly journals Interfacing DNA with Gold Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Detection

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Zhiyu He ◽  
Huiling Yin ◽  
Chia-Chen Chang ◽  
Guoqing Wang ◽  
Xingguo Liang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Simple Detection ◽  
The Many ◽  
Base Pair Stacking ◽  
Colorimetric Biosensing

The contamination of heavy metals (e.g., Hg, Pb, Cd and As) poses great risks to the environment and human health. Rapid and simple detection of heavy metals of considerable toxicity in low concentration levels is an important task in biological and environmental analysis. Among the many convenient detection methods for heavy metals, DNA-inspired gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs) have become a well-established approach, in which assembly/disassembly of AuNPs is used for colorimetric signaling of the recognition event between DNA and target heavy metals at the AuNP interface. This review focuses on the recent efforts of employing DNA to manipulate the interfacial properties of AuNPs, as well as the major advances in the colorimetric detection of heavy metals. Beginning with the introduction of the fundamental aspects of DNA and AuNPs, three main strategies of constructing DNA-AuNPs with DNA binding-responsive interface are discussed, namely, crosslinking, electrostatic interaction and base pair stacking. Then, recent achievements in colorimetric biosensing of heavy metals based on manipulation of the interface of DNA-AuNPs are surveyed and compared. Finally, perspectives on challenges and opportunities for future research in this field are provided.

Application of Blood Purification to Non-Renal Organ Failure

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Kellum ◽  
R. Venkataraman
Keyword(s):  
Organ Failure ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Organ Failures ◽  
The Many ◽  
Improve Patient

The application of artificial organs to the task of blood purification in the setting of non-renal organ failure simultaneously presents important challenges and opportunities. Failures of cardiovascular, hepatic, coagulation and immune systems are all characterized by dysregulation leading to multi-organ failure. When sustained, these conditions result in multiple organ system dysfunction and death and are far too common in modern intensive care units (ICUs). While the pathogenesis of each of these organ failures is complex and variable, brought about by a variety of underlying conditions, the potential to improve patient outcomes by simultaneously targeting multiple pathways can perhaps best be realized by blood purification. Unlike drug strategies, which are usually limited to one component of these complex networks, blood purification is, by its very nature, broad spectrum and self regulating. For example, as the concentration of mediators or toxins increases, so does removal. Furthermore, given the many failed trials of specific therapy, the recent focus of immunomodulatory therapy in sepsis has shifted to non-specific methods of influencing the entire inflammatory response without suppressing it. In this issue of the journal, members of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) present systematic reviews on the application of hemofiltration, ultrafiltration, plasma therapies and liver-assist therapy for the treatment of non-renal organ failure. The focus of these reviews is on clinical evidence as well as recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Biointerface-Engineered DNA-Inspired Gold Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Biosensing of Heavy Metals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyu He ◽  
Huiling Yin ◽  
Chia Chen Chang ◽  
Guoqing Wang ◽  
Xingguo Liang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Colorimetric Biosensing

scholarly journals Ciguatera Mini Review: 21st Century Environmental Challenges and the Interdisciplinary Research Efforts Rising to Meet Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3027
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Loeffler ◽  
Luciana Tartaglione ◽  
Miriam Friedemann ◽  
Astrid Spielmeyer ◽  
Oliver Kappenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Many

Globally, the livelihoods of over a billion people are affected by changes to marine ecosystems, both structurally and systematically. Resources and ecosystem services, provided by the marine environment, contribute nutrition, income, and health benefits for communities. One threat to these securities is ciguatera poisoning; worldwide, the most commonly reported non-bacterial seafood-related illness. Ciguatera is caused by the consumption of (primarily) finfish contaminated with ciguatoxins, potent neurotoxins produced by benthic single-cell microalgae. When consumed, ciguatoxins are biotransformed and can bioaccumulate throughout the food-web via complex pathways. Ciguatera-derived food insecurity is particularly extreme for small island-nations, where fear of intoxication can lead to fishing restrictions by region, species, or size. Exacerbating these complexities are anthropogenic or natural changes occurring in global marine habitats, e.g., climate change, greenhouse-gas induced physical oceanic changes, overfishing, invasive species, and even the international seafood trade. Here we provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century regarding the many facets of ciguatera, including the complex nature of this illness, the biological/environmental factors affecting the causative organisms, their toxins, vectors, detection methods, human-health oriented responses, and ultimately an outlook towards the future. Ciguatera research efforts face many social and environmental challenges this century. However, several future-oriented goals are within reach, including digital solutions for seafood supply chains, identifying novel compounds and methods with the potential for advanced diagnostics, treatments, and prediction capabilities. The advances described herein provide confidence that the tools are now available to answer many of the remaining questions surrounding ciguatera and therefore protection measures can become more accurate and routine.

Challenges and Opportunities for Neuroimaging in Young Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: a Coordinated Effort towards Advancing Discovery from the ENIGMA Pediatric Moderate/Severe TBI Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
Karen Caeyenberghs ◽  
Robert F. Asarnow ◽  
Talin Babikian ◽  
Brenda Bartnik-Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Advance Research

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in children in both developed and developing nations. Children and adolescents suffer from TBI at a higher rate than the general population; however, research in this population lags behind research in adults. This may be due, in part, to the smaller number of investigators engaged in research with this population and may also be related to changes in safety laws and clinical practice that have altered length of hospital stays, treatment, and access to this population. Specific developmental issues also warrant attention in studies of children, and the ever-changing context of childhood and adolescence may require larger sample sizes than are commonly available to adequately address remaining questions related to TBI. The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Pediatric Moderate-Severe TBI (msTBI) group aims to advance research in this area through global collaborative meta-analysis. In this paper we discuss important challenges in pediatric TBI research and opportunities that we believe the ENIGMA Pediatric msTBI group can provide to address them. We conclude with recommendations for future research in this field of study.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Thematic Map Imaging of the Yacht Port on the Example of the Polish National Sailing Centre Marina in Gdańsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7016
Author(s):  
Pawel S. Dabrowski ◽  
Cezary Specht ◽  
Mariusz Specht ◽  
Artur Makar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

The theory of cartographic projections is a tool which can present the convex surface of the Earth on the plane. Of the many types of maps, thematic maps perform an important function due to the wide possibilities of adapting their content to current needs. The limitation of classic maps is their two-dimensional nature. In the era of rapidly growing methods of mass acquisition of spatial data, the use of flat images is often not enough to reveal the level of complexity of certain objects. In this case, it is necessary to use visualization in three-dimensional space. The motivation to conduct the study was the use of cartographic projections methods, spatial transformations, and the possibilities offered by thematic maps to create thematic three-dimensional map imaging (T3DMI). The authors presented a practical verification of the adopted methodology to create a T3DMI visualization of the marina of the National Sailing Centre of the Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The profiled characteristics of the object were used to emphasize the key elements of its function. The results confirmed the increase in the interpretative capabilities of the T3DMI method, relative to classic two-dimensional maps. Additionally, the study suggested future research directions of the presented solution.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Kirill Minchenkov ◽  
Alexander Vedernikov ◽  
Alexander Safonov ◽  
Iskander Akhatov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Architectural Engineering ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Many ◽  
Lower Production

Pultrusion is one of the most efficient methods of producing polymer composite structures with a constant cross-section. Pultruded profiles are widely used in bridge construction, transportation industry, energy sector, and civil and architectural engineering. However, in spite of the many advantages thermoplastic composites have over the thermoset ones, the thermoplastic pultrusion market demonstrates significantly lower production volumes as compared to those of the thermoset one. Examining the thermoplastic pultrusion processes, raw materials, mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites, process simulation techniques, patents, and applications of thermoplastic pultrusion, this overview aims to analyze the existing gap between thermoset and thermoplastic pultrusions in order to promote the development of the latter one. Therefore, observing thermoplastic pultrusion from a new perspective, we intend to identify current shortcomings and issues, and to propose future research and application directions.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated gold nanoparticle aggregation for colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiren Cao ◽  
Jinjun Wu ◽  
Bo Pang ◽  
Hongquan Zhang ◽  
X. Chris Le
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Nanoparticle Aggregation ◽  
Cleavage Activity ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation

The trans-cleavage activity of the target-activated CRISPR-Cas12a liberated an RNA crosslinker from a molecular transducer, which facilitated assembly of gold nanoparticles. Integration of the molecular transducer with isothermal amplification and...

scholarly journals A Survey on Deep Learning Based Methods and Datasets for Monocular 3D Object Detection

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Seong-heum Kim ◽  
Youngbae Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Object ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Depth Sensors ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
3D Object Detection

Owing to recent advancements in deep learning methods and relevant databases, it is becoming increasingly easier to recognize 3D objects using only RGB images from single viewpoints. This study investigates the major breakthroughs and current progress in deep learning-based monocular 3D object detection. For relatively low-cost data acquisition systems without depth sensors or cameras at multiple viewpoints, we first consider existing databases with 2D RGB photos and their relevant attributes. Based on this simple sensor modality for practical applications, deep learning-based monocular 3D object detection methods that overcome significant research challenges are categorized and summarized. We present the key concepts and detailed descriptions of representative single-stage and multiple-stage detection solutions. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of the detection models on their baseline benchmarks. Finally, we explore several directions for future research on monocular 3D object detection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document