scholarly journals Battery-Powered Portable Rotary Real-Time Fluorescent qPCR with Low Energy Consumption, Low Cost, and High Throughput

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Limin He ◽  
Benliang Sang ◽  
Wenming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Melting Curves ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rotary Structure ◽  
The Cost

The traditional qPCR instrument is bulky, expensive, and inconvenient to carry, so we report a portable rotary real-time fluorescent PCR (polymerase chain reaction) that completes the PCR amplification of DNA in the field, and the reaction can be observed in real-time. Through the analysis of a target gene, namely pGEM-3Zf (+), the gradient amplification and melting curves are compared to commercial devices. The results confirm the stability of our device. This is the first use of a mechanical rotary structure to achieve gradient amplification curves and melting curves comparable to commercial instruments. The average power consumption of our system is about 7.6 W, which is the lowest energy consumption for real-time fluorescence quantification in shunting PCR and enables the use of our device in the field thanks to its self-contained power supply based on a lithium battery. In addition, all of the equipment costs only about 710 dollars, which is far lower than the cost of a commercial PCR instrument because the control system through mechanical displacement replaces the traditional TEC (thermoelectric cooler) temperature control. Moreover, the equipment has a low technical barrier, which can suit the needs of non-professional settings, with strong repeatability.

scholarly journals A Self-Programmable Interface for WSN Applications

1970 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
S.D. Vera ◽  
A. Bayo ◽  
N. Medrano ◽  
B. Calvo ◽  
S. Celma
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Passive Sensors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Numerous applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) involve monitoring physical and chemical parameters in large regions, thus needing a large number of sensor nodes. In order to reduce the cost of these nodes, it is usual to use low-cost analogue sensors followed by a programmable electronic interface capable of adapting every sensor output to the port requirements of the microcontroller embedded in the sensing node. The goal of the present work is the design and test of a low-voltage plug&play programmable sensor-to-microcontroller interface able to self-configure its operation when adapting the output of different sensors, achieving an optimum reading performance for every sensor. The proposed interface, which includes both electronic and software elements, is shown in Figure 1a. By properly programming the interface electronics, the system can be used to conditioning active and passive sensors, enabling plug&play to be easily integrated in a WSN node and taking advantage of the full span of the connected device. It provides a value of the measured parameter coded as the frequency of a signal compatible with the logic levels of the master microcontroller. Experimental test results to validate its performance are given for a resistive humidity sensor (Figure 1b) and other low-cost sensors. By properly managing the interface electronics, the average power consumption in a measurement process of the conditioning electronics remains low.

scholarly journals Longevity of Raw and Lyophilized Crude Urease Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Neda Javadi ◽  
Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei ◽  
Nasser Hamdan ◽  
Edward Kavazanjian
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

The stability (longevity of activity) of three crude urease extracts was evaluated in a laboratory study as part of an effort to reduce the cost of urease for applications that do not require high purity enzyme. A low-cost, stable source of urease will greatly facilitate engineering applications of urease such as biocementation of soil. Inexpensive crude extracts of urease have been shown to be effective at hydrolyzing urea for carbonate precipitation. However, some studies have suggested that the activity of a crude extract may decrease with time, limiting the potential for its mass production for commercial applications. The stability of crude urease extracts shown to be effective for biocementation was studied. The crude extracts were obtained from jack beans via a simple extraction process, stored at room temperature and at 4 ℃, and periodically tested to evaluate their stability. To facilitate storage and transportation of the extracted enzyme, the longevity of the enzyme following freeze drying (lyophilization) to reduce the crude extract to a powder and subsequent re-hydration into an aqueous solution was evaluated. In an attempt to improve the shelf life of the lyophilized extract, dextran and sucrose were added during lyophilization. The stability of purified commercial urease following rehydration was also investigated. Results of the laboratory tests showed that the lyophilized crude extract maintained its activity during storage more effectively than either the crude extract solution or the rehydrated commercial urease. While incorporating 2% dextran (w/v) prior to lyophilization of the crude extract increased the overall enzymatic activity, it did not enhance the stability of the urease during storage.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Method for Improving Stability of Monolithic Quartz Crystal Microbalance Operating under Harsh Environmental Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4166
Author(s):  
Román Fernández ◽  
María Calero ◽  
Yolanda Jiménez ◽  
Antonio Arnau
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Quartz Substrate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Reagent Consumption ◽  
Measurement Cell ◽  
The Stability

Monolithic quartz crystal microbalance (MQCM) has recently emerged as a very promising technology suitable for biosensing applications. These devices consist of an array of miniaturized QCM sensors integrated within the same quartz substrate capable of detecting multiple target analytes simultaneously. Their relevant benefits include high throughput, low cost per sensor unit, low sample/reagent consumption and fast sensing response. Despite the great potential of MQCM, unwanted environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, vibrations, or pressure) and perturbations intrinsic to the sensor setup (e.g., mechanical stress exerted by the measurement cell or electronic noise of the characterization system) can affect sensor stability, masking the signal of interest and degrading the limit of detection (LoD). Here, we present a method based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to improve the stability of the resonance frequency and dissipation signals in real time. The method takes advantage of the similarity among the noise patterns of the resonators integrated in an MQCM device to mitigate disturbing factors that impact on sensor response. Performance of the method is validated by studying the adsorption of proteins (neutravidin and biotinylated albumin) under external controlled factors (temperature and pressure/flow rate) that simulate unwanted disturbances.

scholarly journals Application of Logging While Drilling Tool in Formation Boundary Detection and Geo-steering

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoyang Zhu ◽  
Muzhi Gao ◽  
Fanmin Kong ◽  
Kang Li
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Forward Algorithm ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Line Search Method ◽  
Layered Formation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Logging While Drilling ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

Logging while drilling (LWD) plays a crucial role in geo-steering, which can determine the formation boundary and resistivity in real time. In this study, an efficient inversion, which can accurately invert formation information in real time on the basis of fast-forward modeling, is presented. In forward modeling, the Gauss–Legendre quadrature combined with the continued fraction method is used to calculate the response of the LWD instrument in a layered formation. In inversion modeling, the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm, combined with the line search method of the Armijo criterion, are used to minimize the cost function, and a constraint algorithm is added to ensure the stability of the inversion. A positive and negative sign is added to the distance parameter to determine whether the LWD instrument is located above or below the formation boundary. We have carried out a series of experiments to verify the accuracy of the inversion. The experimental results suggest that the forward algorithm can make the infinite integral of the Bessel function rapidly converge, and accurately obtain the response of the LWD instrument in a layered formation. The inversion can accurately determine the formation resistivity and boundary in real time. This is significant for geological exploration.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Health Monitoring System for Remote Cardiac Patients Using Smartphone and Wearable Sensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kakria ◽  
N. K. Tripathi ◽  
Peerapong Kitipawang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Security ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
The Cost

Online telemedicine systems are useful due to the possibility of timely and efficient healthcare services. These systems are based on advanced wireless and wearable sensor technologies. The rapid growth in technology has remarkably enhanced the scope of remote health monitoring systems. In this paper, a real-time heart monitoring system is developed considering the cost, ease of application, accuracy, and data security. The system is conceptualized to provide an interface between the doctor and the patients for two-way communication. The main purpose of this study is to facilitate the remote cardiac patients in getting latest healthcare services which might not be possible otherwise due to low doctor-to-patient ratio. The developed monitoring system is then evaluated for 40 individuals (aged between 18 and 66 years) using wearable sensors while holding an Android device (i.e., smartphone under supervision of the experts). The performance analysis shows that the proposed system is reliable and helpful due to high speed. The analyses showed that the proposed system is convenient and reliable and ensures data security at low cost. In addition, the developed system is equipped to generate warning messages to the doctor and patient under critical circumstances.

Analysis and Design of Electric Energy Consumption Inspection Equipment Based on ARM9

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Hu Hu ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
Li Hong Han ◽  
Bin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Real Time Transmission

The present paper introduces a sort of analysis and design of electric energy consumption inspection equipment based on ARM9, which can inspect multiple electric energy indexes and conduct a real time inspection to electric energy consumption. Both a real time collection and a real time transmission of electric energy consumption data are realized and a real time analysis of these data that are transmitted through the network to the host computer can be carried out as well, the features of which are low power consumption, low cost, very applicable, high real time performance, etc. The paper also describes the system’s basic structure, hardware design, software design and system debugging process.

A realistic dynamic blower energy consumption model for wastewater applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Amerlinck ◽  
W. De Keyser ◽  
G. Urchegui ◽  
I. Nopens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Average Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Peak ◽  
Plant Optimization

At wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) aeration is the largest energy consumer. This high energy consumption requires an accurate assessment in view of plant optimization. Despite the ever increasing detail in process models, models for energy production still lack detail to enable a global optimization of WWTPs. A new dynamic model for a more accurate prediction of aeration energy costs in activated sludge systems, equipped with submerged air distributing diffusers (producing coarse or fine bubbles) connected via piping to blowers, has been developed and demonstrated. This paper addresses the model structure, its calibration and application to the WWTP of Mekolalde (Spain). The new model proved to give an accurate prediction of the real energy consumption by the blowers and captures the trends better than the constant average power consumption models currently being used. This enhanced prediction of energy peak demand, which dominates the price setting of energy, illustrates that the dynamic model is preferably used in multi-criteria optimization exercises for minimizing the energy consumption.

Dynamic Modeling of Energy Efficient Crab Walking of Hexapod Robot

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2730-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibendu Shekhar Roy ◽  
Dilip Kumar Pratihar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Hexapod Robot ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Foot Force ◽  
Average Power Consumption

Crab walking is the most general and very important one for omni-directional walking of a hexapod robot. This paper presents a dynamic model for determining energy consumption and energy efficiency of a hexapod robot during its locomotion over flat terrain with a constant crab angle. The model has been derived for statically stable crab-wave gaits by considering a minimization of dissipating energy for optimal foot force distribution. Two approaches, such as minimization of norm of feet forces and minimization of norm of joint torques have been developed. The variations of average power consumption and energy consumption per weight per traveled length with velocity or stroke have been compared for crab walking with tripod and tetrapod gait patterns. Tetrapod gaits are found to be more energy-efficient compared to the tripod gaits.

scholarly journals A low-cost, high-performance video-based binocular eye tracker for psychophysical research

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Ivanchenko ◽  
Katharina Rifai ◽  
Ziad M. Hafed ◽  
Frank Schaeffel
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Commercial System ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Blink Detection ◽  
Fixation Points ◽  
The Cost

We describe a high-performance, pupil-based binocular eye tracker that approaches the performance of a well-established commercial system, but at a fraction of the cost. The eye tracker is built from standard hardware components, and its software (written in Visual C++) can be easily implemented. Because of its fast and simple linear calibration scheme, the eye tracker performs best in the central 10 degrees of the visual field. The eye tracker possesses a number of useful features: (1) automated calibration simultaneously in both eyes while subjects fixate four fixation points sequentially on a computer screen, (2) automated real-time continuous analysis of measurement noise, (3) automated blink detection, (4) and real-time analysis of pupil centration artifacts. This last feature is critical because it is known that pupil diameter changes can be erroneously registered by pupil-based trackers as a change in eye position. We evaluated the performance of our system against that of a well-established commercial system using simultaneous measurements in 10 participants. We propose our low-cost eye tracker as a promising resource for studies of binocular eye movements.

scholarly journals Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7472
Author(s):  
Marc Lazaro ◽  
Antonio Lazaro ◽  
Ramon Villarino ◽  
David Girbau
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Heat Flux Sensor ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Flux System ◽  
Average Power Consumption

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a large amount of challenges to address. To combat the spread of the virus, several safety measures, such as wearing face masks, have been taken. Temperature controls at the entrance of public places to prevent the entry of virus carriers have been shown to be inefficient and inaccurate. This paper presents a smart mask that allows to monitor body temperature and breathing rate. Body temperature is measured by a non-invasive dual-heat-flux system, consisting of four sensors separated from each other with an insulating material. Breathing rate is obtained from the temperature changes within the mask, measured with a thermistor located near the nose. The system communicates by means of long-range (LoRa) backscattering, leading to a reduction in average power consumption. It is designed to establish the relative location of the smart mask from the signal received at two LoRa receivers installed inside and outside an access door. Low-cost LoRa transceivers with WiFi capabilities are used in the prototype to collect information and upload it to a server. Accuracy in body temperature measurements is consistent with measurements made with a thermistor located in the armpit. The system allows checking the correct placement of the mask based on the recorded temperatures and the breathing rate measurements. Besides, episodes of cough can be detected by sudden changes in thermistor temperature.

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