A realistic dynamic blower energy consumption model for wastewater applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Amerlinck ◽  
W. De Keyser ◽  
G. Urchegui ◽  
I. Nopens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Average Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Peak ◽  
Plant Optimization

At wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) aeration is the largest energy consumer. This high energy consumption requires an accurate assessment in view of plant optimization. Despite the ever increasing detail in process models, models for energy production still lack detail to enable a global optimization of WWTPs. A new dynamic model for a more accurate prediction of aeration energy costs in activated sludge systems, equipped with submerged air distributing diffusers (producing coarse or fine bubbles) connected via piping to blowers, has been developed and demonstrated. This paper addresses the model structure, its calibration and application to the WWTP of Mekolalde (Spain). The new model proved to give an accurate prediction of the real energy consumption by the blowers and captures the trends better than the constant average power consumption models currently being used. This enhanced prediction of energy peak demand, which dominates the price setting of energy, illustrates that the dynamic model is preferably used in multi-criteria optimization exercises for minimizing the energy consumption.

Detailed dynamic pumping energy models for optimization and control of wastewater applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. De Keyser ◽  
Y. Amerlinck ◽  
G. Urchegui ◽  
T. Harding ◽  
T. Maere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
First Case ◽  
Average Power Consumption

Despite the increasing level of detail in wastewater treatment process models, oversimplified energy consumption models (i.e. constant ‘average’ power consumption) are being used in optimization exercises. A new dynamic model for a more accurate prediction of pumping costs in wastewater treatment has been developed to overcome this unbalance in the coupled submodels. The model is calibrated using two case studies. The first case study concerns the centrifugal influent pumps (Nijhuis RW1-400 · 525A) of the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Eindhoven (The Netherlands), governed by Waterboard De Dommel. For the second case study, concerning a centrifugal pump (Flygt, type NT3153 · 181) of the intermediate pumping station (pumping primary treated wastewater) of the Mekolalde WWTP, located in Bergara (Guipúzcoa, Spain), a model extension was necessary in order to allow a better description of the pump curve, making the model more generic. Both cases showed good agreement between the model predictions and the measured data of energy consumption. The model is thus far more accurate compared with other approaches to quantify energy consumption, paving the way towards ‘global’ process optimization and new, improved control strategies for energy reduction at WWTPs.

scholarly journals Application and Evaluation of Energy Conservation Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongteng Sun ◽  
Ming Lu ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Zuguo Chen ◽  
Hao Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Conservation Technologies

High energy consumption is an important issue affecting the operation and development of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper seeks energy-saving opportunities from three aspects: energy application, process optimization, and performance evaluation. Moreover, effective energy-saving can be achieved from the perspective of energy supply and recovery by using green energy technologies, including wastewater and sludge energy recovery technologies. System optimization and control is used to reduce unnecessary energy consumption in operation. Reasonable indexes and methods can help researchers evaluate the application value of energy-saving technology. Some demonstration WWTPs even can achieve energy self-sufficiency by using these energy conservation technologies. Besides, this paper introduces the challenges faced by the wastewater treatment industry and some emerging energy-saving technologies. The work can give engineers some suggestions about reducing energy consumption from comprehensive perspectives.

scholarly journals Benchmarking of energy consumption in municipal wastewater treatment plants – a survey of over 200 plants in Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 2242-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vaccari ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
S. Nembrini ◽  
F. Vitali
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract One of the largest surveys in Europe about energy consumption in Italian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is presented, based on 241 WWTPs and a total population equivalent (PE) of more than 9,000,000 PE. The study contributes towards standardised resilient data and benchmarking and to identify potentials for energy savings. In the energy benchmark, three indicators were used: specific energy consumption expressed per population equivalents (kWh PE−1 year−1), per cubic meter (kWh/m3), and per unit of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed (kWh/kgCOD). The indicator kWh/m3, even though widely applied, resulted in a biased benchmark, because highly influenced by stormwater and infiltrations. Plants with combined networks (often used in Europe) showed an apparent better energy performance. Conversely, the indicator kWh PE−1 year−1 resulted in a more meaningful definition of a benchmark. High energy efficiency was associated with: (i) large capacity of the plant, (ii) higher COD concentration in wastewater, (iii) separate sewer systems, (iv) capacity utilisation over 80%, and (v) high organic loads, but without overloading. The 25th percentile was proposed as a benchmark for four size classes: 23 kWh PE−1 y−1 for large plants > 100,000 PE; 42 kWh PE−1 y−1 for capacity 10,000 < PE < 100,000, 48 kWh PE−1 y−1 for capacity 2,000 < PE < 10,000 and 76 kWh PE−1 y−1 for small plants < 2,000 PE.

Multi-Field Coupled Analysis on Preparation Process of CZ Crystal

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Ke Liang Ren ◽  
Song Qing Zhao ◽  
Qiao Di Yang ◽  
Dong Xu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Coupled Analysis ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Model Modification ◽  
High Energy Consumption

To consider the high energy consumption and the key components are easy to damage in CZ crystal furnace, in this paper, a multi-field coupled analysis on temperature and flow field has been carried out by using FEM software ANSYS, and the APDL language of ANSYS is used to implement the parametric model design for CZ crystal furnace. In addition, the abilities of APDL to make dynamic model modification, control calculation procedure and extract the result are exploited to simulate the preparation process of CZ crystal and get the temperature and flow field. The results can be used for guiding the producing process of CZ crystal.

Dynamic Modeling of Energy Efficient Crab Walking of Hexapod Robot

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2730-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibendu Shekhar Roy ◽  
Dilip Kumar Pratihar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Hexapod Robot ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Foot Force ◽  
Average Power Consumption

Crab walking is the most general and very important one for omni-directional walking of a hexapod robot. This paper presents a dynamic model for determining energy consumption and energy efficiency of a hexapod robot during its locomotion over flat terrain with a constant crab angle. The model has been derived for statically stable crab-wave gaits by considering a minimization of dissipating energy for optimal foot force distribution. Two approaches, such as minimization of norm of feet forces and minimization of norm of joint torques have been developed. The variations of average power consumption and energy consumption per weight per traveled length with velocity or stroke have been compared for crab walking with tripod and tetrapod gait patterns. Tetrapod gaits are found to be more energy-efficient compared to the tripod gaits.

Energy Aware Better Implementation of Load Balancing in Cloud Computing

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alekhya Orugonda ◽  
V. Kiran Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
System Level ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Physical Machine ◽  
Average Power Consumption

Background: It is important to minimize bandwidth that improves battery life, system reliability and other environmental concerns and energy optimization.It also do everything within their power to reduce the amount of data that flows through their pipes.To increase resource exertion, task consolidation is an effective technique, greatly enabled by virtualization technologies, which facilitate the concurrent execution of several tasks and, in turn, reduce energy consumption. : MaxUtil, which aims to maximize resource exertion, and Energy Conscious Task Consolidation which explicitly takes into account both active and idle energy consumption. Method: In this paper an Energy Aware Cloud Load Balancing Technique (EACLBT) is proposed for the performance improvement in terms of energy and run time. It predicts load of host after VM allocation and if according to prediction host become overloaded than VM will be created on different host. So it minimize the number of migrations due to host overloading conditions. This proposed technique results in minimize bandwidth and energy utilization. Results: The result shows that the energy efficient method has been proposed for monitor energy exhaustion and support static and dynamic system level optimization.The EACLBT can reduce the number of power-on physical machine and average power consumption compare to other deploy algorithms with power saving.Besides minimization in bandwidth along with energy exertion, reduction in the number of executed instructions is also achieved. Conclusion: This paper comprehensively describes the EACLBT (Energy Aware Cloud Load Balancing Technique) to deploy the virtual machines for power saving purpose. The average power consumption is used as performance metrics and the result of PALB is used as baseline. The EACLBT can reduce the number of power-on physical machine and average power consumption compare to other deploy algorithms with power saving. It shown that on average an idle server consumes approximately 70% of the power consumed by the server running at the full CPU speed.The performance holds better for Common sub utterance elimination. So, we can say the proposed Energy Aware Cloud Load Balancing Technique (EACLBT) is effective in bandwidth minimization and reduction of energy exertion.

scholarly journals Design of Minimizing Expected Energy of Multisource Wireless Cooperative Network Based on Multiobjective Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shusheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Cooperative Network ◽  
Average Power Consumption

In order to solve the problems of high average power consumption, low average throughput, high average energy consumption per unit of data, and short network life cycle in traditional multisource wireless cooperation methods, this paper proposes a multisource wireless cooperative network design method based on multiple goals. We analyze the characteristics of heterogeneous deployment of multisource wireless cooperative networks and the energy consumption of nodes and control the energy consumption of network data transmission through distributed opportunistic transmission scheduling methods according to the analysis results. We use the optimal strategy of minimizing expected energy consumption, transform the problem of data transmission energy consumption, establish a mathematical model, and obtain the optimal solution for minimizing expected energy consumption. According to the optimal stop rule, the minimum expected energy consumption threshold is obtained, and then the optimal solution is obtained on the constraint set of the multiobjective optimization problem through the multiobjective optimization method, so as to achieve the goal of minimizing the expected energy of the network. Experimental results show that this method prolongs the network life cycle, reduces the average power consumption of network data transmission, and improves the average network throughput.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and Internal Distribution in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plants of Greece

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Siatou ◽  
Anthoula Manali ◽  
Petros Gikas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Volume Unit

The high-energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a crucial issue for municipalities worldwide. Most WWTPs in Greece operate as extended aeration plants, which results in high operational costs due to high energy needs. The present study investigated the energy requirements of 17 activated sludge WWTPs in Greece, serving between 1100–56,000 inhabitants (population equivalent, PE), with average daily incoming flowrates between 300–27,300 m3/d. The daily wastewater production per inhabitant was found to lie between 0.052 m3/PE·d and 0.426 m3/PE·d, with average volume of 0.217 ± 0.114 m3/PE·d. The electric energy consumption per volume unit (EQ (kWh/m3)) was between 0.128–2.280 kWh/m3 (average 0.903 ± 0.509 kWh/m3) following a near logarithmic descending correlation with the average incoming flowrate (Qav) (EQ = −0.294lnQav + 3.1891; R2 = 0.5337). A similar relationship was found between the daily electric energy requirements for wastewater treatment per inhabitant (EPE (kWh/PE·d)) as a function of PE, which varied from 0.041–0.407 kWh/PE·d (average 0.167 ± 0.101 kWh/PE·d)) (EPE = −0.073ln(PE) + 0.8425; R2 = 0.6989). Similarly, the daily energy cost per inhabitant (E€/PE (€/PE·d)) as a function of PE and the electric energy cost per wastewater volume unit (E€/V (€/m3)) as a function of average daily flow (Qav) were found to follow near logarithmic trends (E€/PE = −0.013ln(PE) + 0.1473; R2 = 0.6388, and E€/V = −0.052lnQav + 0.5151; R2 = 0.6359), respectively), with E€/PE varying between 0.005–0.073 €/PE·d (average 0.024 ± 0.019 €/PE·d) and E€/V between 0.012–0.291 €/m3 (average 0.111 ± 0.077 €/m3). Finally, it was calculated that, in an average WWTP, the aeration process is the main energy sink, consuming about 67.2% of the total electric energy supply to the plant. The large variation of energy requirements per inlet volume unit and per inhabitant served, indicate that there is large ground for improving the performance of the WWTPs, with respect to energy consumption.

scholarly journals Battery-Powered Portable Rotary Real-Time Fluorescent qPCR with Low Energy Consumption, Low Cost, and High Throughput

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Limin He ◽  
Benliang Sang ◽  
Wenming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Melting Curves ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rotary Structure ◽  
The Cost

The traditional qPCR instrument is bulky, expensive, and inconvenient to carry, so we report a portable rotary real-time fluorescent PCR (polymerase chain reaction) that completes the PCR amplification of DNA in the field, and the reaction can be observed in real-time. Through the analysis of a target gene, namely pGEM-3Zf (+), the gradient amplification and melting curves are compared to commercial devices. The results confirm the stability of our device. This is the first use of a mechanical rotary structure to achieve gradient amplification curves and melting curves comparable to commercial instruments. The average power consumption of our system is about 7.6 W, which is the lowest energy consumption for real-time fluorescence quantification in shunting PCR and enables the use of our device in the field thanks to its self-contained power supply based on a lithium battery. In addition, all of the equipment costs only about 710 dollars, which is far lower than the cost of a commercial PCR instrument because the control system through mechanical displacement replaces the traditional TEC (thermoelectric cooler) temperature control. Moreover, the equipment has a low technical barrier, which can suit the needs of non-professional settings, with strong repeatability.

The Design Analysis of New Energy-Saving Parallel Four-Bar Pumping Unit

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
Xia Yang ◽  
Jing Song ◽  
Zhao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Pumping Unit ◽  
Low Efficiency

Be aimed at the problem that conventional beam pumping unit has low efficiency, high energy consumption and other issues, this article mainly carries out the design and analysis of new energy-saving pumping unit from the principle of the mechanical system pumping, including structural features and dynamic performance. And combined with examples, we have energy-saving analysis on the basis of practical experience in the traditional. Analysis showed that the newly-designed pumping unit reduces average power by 37.2% comparing with its conventional counterpart. The much lower theoretical energy consumption and the better dynamic performance indicate that the new energy-saving pumping unit is well-designed and will have a significant application prospect.

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