scholarly journals Biological Activities of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Oxidative Stress versus Signal Transduction

Biomolecules ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelheid Weidinger ◽  
Andrey Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species

scholarly journals Antioxidants of Natural Products

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Mee Ree Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Antioxidant ingredients are known to contribute to the beneficial effects of natural products in health promotion as well as disease prevention by reducing oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, in biological systems [...]

New evidence for vascular interactions between aldosterone, angiotensin II and antioxidants in isolated smooth muscle cells of rats

Open Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-712
Author(s):  
Raducu Popescu ◽  
Walther Bild ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Veronica Bild
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
First Case

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that the nongenomic cardiovascular actions of aldosterone are produced by varied cellular pathways and mediated by a multitude of messenger systems including the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Considering the involvement of the oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathways leading to the activation of the angiotensin — aldosterone system, in the current study we tried to evaluate the functional interactions between aldosterone, angiotensin II and antioxidants in isolated vascular smooth muscle of aortic rings from rats. Our data provide additional arguments that the nongenomic actions of aldosterone on aortic smooth muscle cells of rats are a question of cross-talk and balance between its rapid vasoconstrictor and vasodilator effects, as result of the activation of reactive oxygen species in the first case and of nitrogen species in the second. In this way, it seems that at low ambient oxidative stress, aldosterone promotes nitric oxide (NO) production and vasodilatation, while in situations with increased oxidative stress the endothelial dysfunction and detrimental effects induced by vasoconstriction will prevail. Thus, aldosterone could be considered both “friend and foe”. This could be relevant for the ways in which aldosterone damages cardiovascular functions and could lead to significant therapeutic improvements.

scholarly journals Increased oxidative stress in allergic rhinitis. Attention; Ruywayda Adams

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Hilary Solomons
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Allergic Disorders

There is ample evidence that allergic disorders such as asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are mediated by oxidative stress. Excessive exposure to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is the hallmark of oxidative stress and leads to damage of proteins, lipids and DNA. Oxidative stress occurs not only as a result of inflammation but also from environmental exposure to air pollution and cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Azab Elsayed Azab ◽  
 Almokhtar A Adwas ◽  
Ata Sedik Ibrahim Elsayed ◽  
Almokhtar A Adwas ◽  
 Ata Sedik Ibrahim Elsayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

The present review aims to high light on the oxidative stress, and prevention by internal antioxidants and external antioxidants by some natural products possessing antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and detoxification favors an increase in ROS levels, leading to disturbed cellular function. ROS causes damage to cellular macromolecules causing lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid, and protein alterations. Their formation is considered as a pathobiochemical mechanism involved in the initiation or progression phase of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis or liver diseases. In order to maintain proper cell signaling, it is likely that a number of radical scavenging enzymes maintain a threshold level of ROS inside the cell. However, when the level of ROS exceeds this threshold, an increase in ROS production may lead to excessive signals to the cell, in addition to direct damage to key components in signaling pathways. ROS can also irreversibly damage essential macromolecules. Protein-bound thiol and non-protein-thiol are the major cytosolic low molecular weight sulfhydryl compound that acts as a cellular reducing and a protective reagent against numerous toxic substances including most inorganic pollutants, through the –SH group. Hence, thiol is often the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Flavonoids have been found to play important roles in the non-enzymatic protection against oxidative stress, especially in the case of cancer. Flavonoids have occurred widely in tea, fruit, red wine, vegetables, and cocoas. Flavonoids, including flavones, flavanone, flavonols, and isoflavones, are polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in foods and beverages, and possess a wide range of biological activities, of which anti-oxidation has been extensively explored. It can be concluded that oxidative stress causes irreversible damage in cellular macromolecules that leads to initiation of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis. Antioxidants inhibit reactive oxygen species production and scavenging of free radicals. Therefore, the review recommends that high consumption of natural foods that are rich in antioxidants will provide more protection against toxic agents and related diseases.

Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. L1005-L1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Thannickal ◽  
Barry L. Fanburg
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
By Products

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of cellular metabolism, primarily in the mitochondria. When cellular production of ROS overwhelms its antioxidant capacity, damage to cellular macromolecules such as lipids, protein, and DNA may ensue. Such a state of “oxidative stress” is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases including those of the lung. Recent studies have also implicated ROS that are generated by specialized plasma membrane oxidases in normal physiological signaling by growth factors and cytokines. In this review, we examine the evidence for ligand-induced generation of ROS, its cellular sources, and the signaling pathways that are activated. Emerging concepts on the mechanisms of signal transduction by ROS that involve alterations in cellular redox state and oxidative modifications of proteins are also discussed.

Novel peptoids for the detection and suppression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E.O. Fisher ◽  
D.P. Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cupric Ion ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Metal Ion Activation ◽  
Redox Active Metal

Novel peptoids useful for the detection and suppression of various components contributing to oxidative stress and for elucidation of the interplay between these species are presented. Oxidative stress involves redox-active metal ion activation/generation of RONS (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species). For detection of RONS, the peptoid probes consist of a conjugate designed to (1) complex redox-active and non-redox-active metal ions, and (2) differentiate between RONS based upon the reaction products following RONS attack on the probe. For suppression of RONS, subtle modifications in peptoid structure impart catalase and superoxide dismutase activities to the peptoids upon ferric or cupric ion complexation.

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