scholarly journals The Polar Lipidome of Cultured Emiliania huxleyi: A Source of Bioactive Lipids with Relevance for Biotechnological Applications

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Susana S. Aveiro ◽  
Tânia Melo ◽  
Ana Figueiredo ◽  
Pedro Domingues ◽  
Hugo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Betaine Lipids ◽  
First Time

Polar lipids from microalgae have aroused greater interest as a natural source of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), an alternative to fish, but also as bioactive compounds with multiple applications. The present study aims to characterize the polar lipid profile of cultured microalga Emiliania huxleyi using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC–MS) and fatty acids (FA) analysis by gas chromatography (GC–MS). The lipidome of E. huxleyi revealed the presence of distinct n-3 PUFA (40% of total FA), namely docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3), which give this microalga an increased commercial value as a source of n-3 PUFA present in the form of polar lipids. A total of 134 species of polar lipids were identified and some of these species, particularly glycolipids, have already been reported for their bioactive properties. Among betaine lipids, the diacylglyceryl carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC) class is the least reported in microalgae. For the first time, monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine (MMPE) has been found in the lipidome of E. huxleyi. Overall, this study highlights the potential of E. huxleyi as a sustainable source of high-value polar lipids that can be exploited for different applications, namely human and animal nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Comparative study of tissue deposition of omega-3 fatty acids from polar-lipid rich oil of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata with krill oil in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Kagan ◽  
Aharon Levy ◽  
Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epa And Dha

An oil from micro-algae rich in EPA with no DHA and consisting of 15% polar lipids (phospholipids and glycolipids) showed equivalent uptake of EPA into rat plasma and organs as omega-3 krill oil consisting of EPA and DHA and 40% phospholipids.

scholarly journals Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Ewe Milk Fat by GC-MS after Intravenous Administration of Sterculic Acid

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Veronica Lolli ◽  
Pablo G. Toral ◽  
Augusta Caligiani ◽  
Pilar Gómez-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sterculic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
First Time ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPEFA), found in oilseeds from Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, have been shown to interfere with the endogenous synthesis of several bioactive lipids of dairy fat, such as cis-9, trans-11 18:2 and cis-9 18:1, by inhibiting Δ9-desaturase. No previous study has reported the presence of sterculic acid in animal fat and its incorporation in tissues after its administration, due to the lack of a proper methodology. In the present research, a GC-MS method based on cold base derivatization to fatty acids methylesters was developed to determine CPEFA in ewe milk triglycerides, after infusing sterculic acid (0.5 g/day) to six lactating ewes. An alternative derivatization based on silanyzation followed by GC-MS analysis was also tested, showing its possible applicability when CPEFA are present in the form of free fatty acids. Sterculic acid was detected in ewe milk triglycerides, demonstrating its incorporation from the bloodstream into milk by the mammary gland. The mean transfer rate represented 8.0 ± 1.0% of the daily dose. This study provides, for the first time, the presence of sterculic acid in milk fat, supporting the importance of understanding its occurrence in vivo and encouraging further research to determine whether it can be present in foods, such as dairy products, obtained under practical farming conditions.

scholarly journals Advanced Extraction of Lipids with DHA from Isochrysis galbana with Enzymatic Pre-Treatment Combined with Pressurized Liquids and Ultrasound Assisted Extractions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
María Señoráns ◽  
Natalia Castejón ◽  
Francisco Javier Señoráns
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Pre Treatment

Microalgal biomass is a sustainable and valuable source of lipids with omega-3 fatty acids. The efficient extraction of lipids from microalgae requires fast and alternative extraction methods, frequently combined with biomass pre-treatment by different procedures. In this work, Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was optimized and compared with traditional lipid extraction methods, Folch and Bligh and Dyer, and with a new Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method for lipids from microalgae Isochrysis galbana. To further optimize PLE and UAE, enzymatic pre-treatment of microalga Isochrysis galbana was studied with commercial enzymes Viscozyme and Celluclast. No significant differences were found for lipid yields among different extraction techniques used. However, advanced extraction techniques with or without pre-treatment are a green, fast, and toxic solvent free alternative to traditional techniques. Lipid composition of Isochrysis was determined by HPLC-ELSD and included neutral and polar lipids, showing that each fraction comprised different contents in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The highest polar lipids content was achieved with UAE (50 °C and 15 min) and PLE (100 °C) techniques. Moreover, the highest omega-3 PUFA (33.2%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (3.3%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (12.0%) contents were achieved with the advanced technique UAE, showing the optimized method as a practical alternative to produce valuable lipids for food and nutraceutical applications.

scholarly journals Thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) and complexation with β-cyclodextrin

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I Hădărugă ◽  
Mustafa Ünlüsayin ◽  
Alexandra T Gruia ◽  
Cristina Birău (Mitroi) ◽  
Gerlinde Rusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal And Oxidative Stability ◽  
First Time

The thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) as well as its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexation ability has been verified for the first time. The main omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, were significantly degraded, even at 50 °C. Their relative concentrations decrease from 6.1% for EPA and 4.1% for DHA to 1.7% and 1.5% after degradation at 150 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the relative concentrations of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids remained constant or slightly increased by a few percent after degradation (e.g., from 10.7% to 12.9% for palmitic acid). Co-crystallization of ASO with β-CD at a host–guest ratio of 1:1 and 3:1 from an ethanol–water mixture and kneading methods has been used for the preparation of β-CD/ASO complexes. The analysis of the complexes by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Karl Fischer titration (KFT) as well as the decrease of the “strongly-retained” water content confirm the formation of the inclusion compound. Furthermore, the DSC parameters correlate well with the KFT kinetic data for β-CD/ASO complexes.

scholarly journals Omega−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Emerging Plant and Microbial Sources, Oxidative Stability, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits—A Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar Saini ◽  
Parchuri Prasad ◽  
Reddampalli Venkataramareddy Sreedhar ◽  
Kamatham Akhilender Naidu ◽  
Xiaomin Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Microbial Sources ◽  
Effective Source

The omega−3 (n−3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid are well known to protect against numerous metabolic disorders. In view of the alarming increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, consumer interest and demand are rapidly increasing for natural dietary sources of n−3 PUFAs. Among the plant sources, seed oils from chia (Salvia hispanica), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) are now widely considered to increase α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the diet. Moreover, seed oil of Echium plantagineum, Buglossoides arvensis, and Ribes sp. are widely explored as a source of stearidonic acid (SDA), a more effective source than is ALA for increasing the EPA and DHA status in the body. Further, the oil from microalgae and thraustochytrids can also directly supply EPA and DHA. Thus, these microbial sources are currently used for the commercial production of vegan EPA and DHA. Considering the nutritional and commercial importance of n−3 PUFAs, this review critically discusses the nutritional aspects of commercially exploited sources of n−3 PUFAs from plants, microalgae, macroalgae, and thraustochytrids. Moreover, we discuss issues related to oxidative stability and bioavailability of n−3 PUFAs and future prospects in these areas.

scholarly journals Lipid Isolation Process and Study on Some Molecular Species of Polar Lipid Isolated from Seed of Madhuca ellitica

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doan Lan Phuong ◽  
Tran Quoc Toan ◽  
Ly P. T. Dang ◽  
Andrey B. Imbs ◽  
Pham Quoc Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Species ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Individual Molecular Species ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Major Molecular Species

This study attempted the lipid extraction process from the seeds of Madhuca ellitica, a lipid-rich plant, and conducted a lipidomic analysis on molecular species of the obtained product. Total lipids of the crude seeds were found to contain 11.2% of polar lipids. The major fatty acids (FAs) of the polar lipids were palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1n-9), and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids, which amounted to 28.5, 12.5, 44.8, and 13.2% of total FAs, respectively. The content and chemical structures of individual molecular species of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) were determined by HPLC with a tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The major molecular species were 18:1/18:2 PE, 16:0/18:1 PC, 18:1/18:2 PC, 16:0/18:2 PG, 16:0/18:1 PG, 16:1/18:1 PI, 16:0/18:1 PI, 18:0/18:2 PI, 16:0/18:1 PA, 18:1/18:2 PA, 16:0/18:1 SQDG, and 18:0/18:1 SQDG. The application of a tandem HRMS allows us to determine the content of each isomer in pairs of the monoisotopic molecular species, for example, 18:0/18:2 and 18:1/18:1. The evaluation of the seed polar lipid profile will be helpful for developing the potential of this tree for nutritive and industrial uses.

scholarly journals Bioprospecting for Antithrombotic Polar Lipids from Salmon, Herring, and Boarfish By-Products

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Tsoupras ◽  
Eoin O’Keeffe ◽  
Ronan Lordan ◽  
Shane Redfern ◽  
Ioannis Zabetakis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects ◽  
First Time ◽  
By Products

Marine polar lipids (PLs) have exhibited promising cardioprotection. In this study, marine by-products such as salmon heads (SHs), their brain, eyes and main optic nerves (SBEON), and head-remnants after SBEON removal (RemSH), as well as herring fillets (HFs), herring heads (HHs) and minced boarfish (MB), were evaluated as potential sustainable sources of such bioactive PLs. The antithrombotic bioactivities of PLs derived from these marine by-products were assessed for the first time in human platelets against platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), while their fatty acid composition was evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PLs from all marine by-products tested possess strong antithrombotic activities against aggregation of human platelets induced by all platelet agonists tested. RemSH, SBEON, HHs, HFs, and MB exhibited strong anti-PAF effects, similar to those previously reported for salmon fillets. PLs from MB had the strongest anti-collagen effects and PLs from SHs and SBEON were the most active against thrombin and ADP. PLs from HHs had similar antithrombotic effects with those from HFs in all agonists. RemSH was less active in all agonists, suggesting that SBEON is the main source of bioactive PLs in SHs. All PLs were rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid, with favourable low values of the ω6/ω3 ratio. Salmon, herring, and boarfish by-products are rich sources of bioactive marine PLs with potent antithrombotic and cardioprotective properties.

scholarly journals Stearidonic acid‐enriched soybean oil: A source of cardioprotective omega‐3 fatty acids

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Susan Krul ◽  
Shawna L Lemke ◽  
Ratna Mukherjea ◽  
Daniel A Goldstein ◽  
Hong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Asperugo Procumbens: a Review of Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3092-3095
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Łazarski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Wide Range

Asperugo procumbens is a medicinal plant widely distributed in the world, which is commonly used in the traditional medicine of the Middle East, while currently overlooked in European pharmacopoeias. The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive overview of A. procumbens in botany, traditional medicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology according to the up-to-date data. Scientific literature on the species was collected based on publicly available databases such as: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google, Google Scholar as well as monographs and PhD theses. In traditional medicine the aerial part of A. procumbens is used for treatment of skin infections, herpes, liver and respiratory tract diseases, to strengthen the heart and the nervous system, and others. Contemporary studies on the pharmacological activity of A. procumbens revealed that it exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic, antibacterial, as well as chemopreventive and antihypertensive properties. Despite many proven medicinal properties, the species does not have a developed phytochemical profile and its chemical composition is very poorly understood. The species is known to contain tannins, flavonoids and phenolics. Only the content of fatty acids is recognised in detail. The species is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids – stearidonic acid (SDA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and omega-6 fatty acid – γ-linolenic acid (GLA). This article, based on the available literature, highlights the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of A. procumbens, which may provide a foundation for further pharmacological study as well as clinical application of the species. Keywords: Asperugo procumbens, German madwort, Boraginaceae, traditional uses

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