scholarly journals Implementation of Endogenous and Exogenous Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration and Repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Salomi Desai ◽  
Chathuraka T. Jayasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Near Future ◽  
And Cartilage

Harnessing adult mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells to stimulate skeletal tissue repair is a strategy that is being actively investigated. While scientists continue to develop creative and thoughtful ways to utilize these cells for tissue repair, the vast majority of these methodologies can ultimately be categorized into two main approaches: (1) Facilitating the recruitment of endogenous host cells to the injury site; and (2) physically administering into the injury site cells themselves, exogenously, either by autologous or allogeneic implantation. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review recent key literature on the use of these two approaches in stimulating healing and repair of different skeletal tissues. As expected, each of the two strategies have their own advantages and limitations (which we describe), especially when considering the diverse microenvironments of different skeletal tissues like bone, tendon/ligament, and cartilage/fibrocartilage. This paper also discusses stem/progenitor cells commonly used for repairing different skeletal tissues, and it lists ongoing clinical trials that have risen from the implementation of these cells and strategies. Lastly, we discuss our own thoughts on where the field is headed in the near future.

scholarly journals The Use of Endothelial Progenitor Cells for the Regeneration of Musculoskeletal and Neural Tissues

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naosuke Kamei ◽  
Kivanc Atesok ◽  
Mitsuo Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from bone marrow and blood can differentiate into endothelial cells and promote neovascularization. In addition, EPCs are a promising cell source for the repair of various types of vascularized tissues and have been used in animal experiments and clinical trials for tissue repair. In this review, we focused on the kinetics of endogenous EPCs during tissue repair and the application of EPCs or stem cell populations containing EPCs for tissue regeneration in musculoskeletal and neural tissues including the bone, skeletal muscle, ligaments, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. EPCs can be mobilized from bone marrow and recruited to injured tissue to contribute to neovascularization and tissue repair. In addition, EPCs or stem cell populations containing EPCs promote neovascularization and tissue repair through their differentiation to endothelial cells or tissue-specific cells, the upregulation of growth factors, and the induction and activation of endogenous stem cells. Human peripheral blood CD34(+) cells containing EPCs have been used in clinical trials of bone repair. Thus, EPCs are a promising cell source for the treatment of musculoskeletal and neural tissue injury.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Klimczak ◽  
Urszula Kozlowska
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) reside in many human organs and comprise heterogeneous population of cells with self-renewal ability. These cells can be isolated from different tissues, and their morphology, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential are dependent on their tissue of origin. Each organ contains specific population of stromal cells which maintain regeneration process of the tissue where they reside, but some of them have much more wide plasticity and differentiate into multiple cells lineage. MSCs isolated from adult human tissues are ideal candidates for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering. However, MSCs do not only contribute to structurally tissue repair but also MSC possess strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may influence in tissue repair by modulation of local environment. This paper is presenting an overview of the current knowledge of biology of tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal and progenitor cells (originated from bone marrow, liver, skeletal muscle, skin, heart, and lung) associated with tissue regeneration and tissue homeostasis.

Synthesis and characterization of water soluble biomimetic chitosans for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (38) ◽  
pp. 6517-6526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan S. Lord ◽  
Bonny M. Tsoi ◽  
Brooke L. Farrugia ◽  
S. R. Simon Ting ◽  
Shenda Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Cartilage Formation ◽  
And Cartilage

Sulfated chitosan-arginine was synthesized to replicate growth factor-binding glycosaminoglycans. This material promoted cartilage formation from human progenitor cells while chitosan-arginine promoted bone.

The impact of hypoxia on mesenchymal progenitor cells of human skeletal tissue in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2495-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Winkler ◽  
Tanja Niedermair ◽  
Bernd Füchtmeier ◽  
Joachim Grifka ◽  
Susanne Grässel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
The Impact

Contribution of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells to Tissue Repair in Rat Cardiac Allografts Undergoing Chronic Rejection

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2160-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D. Wu ◽  
Michael E. Bowdish ◽  
Yang-Sun Jin ◽  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Noboru Mitsuhashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chronic Rejection ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cardiac Allografts

scholarly journals Microvesicles from Human Immortalized Cell Lines of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells of Adipose Tissue Origin as Carriers of Bioactive Factors Facilitating Angiogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Krawczenko ◽  
Aleksandra Bielawska-Pohl ◽  
Maria Paprocka ◽  
Honorata Kraskiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Szyposzynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Immortalized Cell ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Tissue Origin

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are associated with maintaining tissue homeostasis and tissue repair. Both types of cells contribute to tissue regeneration through the secretion of trophic factors (alone or in the form of microvesicles). This study investigated the isolation and biological properties of microvesicles (MVs) derived from human immortalized MSC line HATMSC1 of adipose tissue origin and EPC line. The human immortalized cell line derived from the adipose tissue of a patient with venous stasis was established in our laboratory using the hTERT and pSV402 plasmids. The human EPC line originating from cord blood (HEPC-CB.1) was established in our previous studies. Microvesicles were isolated through a sequence of centrifugations. Analysis of the protein content of both populations of microvesicles, using the Membrane-Based Antibody Array and Milliplex ELISA showed that isolated microvesicles transported growth factors and pro- and antiangiogenic factors. Analysis of the miRNA content of isolated microvesicles revealed the presence of proangiogenic miRNA (miR-126, miR-296, miR-378, and miR-210) and low expression of antiangiogenic miRNA (miR-221, miR-222, and miR-92a) using real-time RT-PCR with the TaqMan technique. The isolated microvesicles were assessed for their effect on the proliferation and proangiogenic properties of cells involved in tissue repair. It was shown that both HEPC-CB.1- and HATMSC1-derived microvesicles increased the proliferation of human endothelial cells of dermal origin and that this effect was dose-dependent. In contrast, microvesicles had a limited impact on the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Both types of microvesicles improved the proangiogenic properties of human dermal endothelial cells, and this effect was also dose-dependent, as shown in the Matrigel assay. These results confirm the hypothesis that microvesicles of HEPC-CB.1 and HATMSC1 origin carry proteins and miRNAs that support and facilitate angiogenic processes that are important for cutaneous tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells and Their Orthopedic Applications: Forging a Path towards Clinical Trials

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana S. Shenaq ◽  
Farbod Rastegar ◽  
Djuro Petkovic ◽  
Bing-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Bai-Cheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases

Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are nonhematopoietic multipotent cells capable of differentiating into mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal lineages. While they can be isolated from various tissues, MPCs isolated from the bone marrow are best characterized. These cells represent a subset of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) which, in addition to their differentiation potential, are critical in supporting proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. They are of clinical interest because they can be easily isolated from bone marrow aspirates and expanded in vitro with minimal donor site morbidity. The BMSCs are also capable of altering disease pathophysiology by secreting modulating factors in a paracrine manner. Thus, engineering such cells to maximize therapeutic potential has been the focus of cell/gene therapy to date. Here, we discuss the path towards the development of clinical trials utilizing BMSCs for orthopaedic applications. Specifically, we will review the use of BMSCs in repairing critical-sized defects, fracture nonunions, cartilage and tendon injuries, as well as in metabolic bone diseases and osteonecrosis. A review of www.ClinicalTrials.gov of the United States National Institute of Health was performed, and ongoing clinical trials will be discussed in addition to the sentinel preclinical studies that paved the way for human investigations.

Decellularized bone extracellular matrix in skeletal tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Large Bone

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.

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