scholarly journals Different Woods in Cooperage for Oenology: A Review

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez-Gil ◽  
Maria del Alamo-Sanza ◽  
Rosario Sánchez-Gómez ◽  
Ignacio Nevares
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Quercus Faginea ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Contact of wine with wood during fermentation and ageing produces significant changes in its chemical composition and organoleptic properties, modifying its final quality. Wines acquire complex aromas from the wood, improve their colour stability, flavour, and clarification, and extend their storage period. New trends in the use of barrels, replaced after a few years of use, have led to an increased demand for oak wood in cooperage. In addition, the fact that the wine market is becoming increasingly saturated and more competitive means that oenologists are increasingly interested in tasting different types of wood to obtain wines that differ from those already on the market. This growing demand and the search for new opportunities to give wines a special personality has led to the use of woods within the Quercus genus that are different from those used traditionally (Quercus alba, Quercus petraea, and Quercus robur) and even woods of different genera. Thus, species of the genus Quercus, such as Quercus pyrenaica Willd., Quercus faginea Lam., Quercus humboldtti Bonpl., Quercus oocarpa Liebm., Quercus frainetto Ten, and other genera, such as Robinia pseudoacacia L. (false acacia), Castanea sativa Mill. (chestnut), Prunus avium L. and Prunus cereaus L. (cherry), Fraxinus excelsior L. (European ash), Fraxinus americana L. (American ash), Morus nigra L, and Morus alba L. have been the subject of several studies as possible sources of wood apt for cooperage. The chemical characterization of these woods is essential in order to be able to adapt the cooperage treatment and, thus, obtain wood with oenological qualities suitable for the treatment of wines. This review aims to summarize the different species that have been studied as possible new sources of wood for oenology, defining the extractable composition of each one and their use in wine.

scholarly journals Alternative Woods in Enology: Characterization of Tannin and Low Molecular Weight Phenol Compounds with Respect to Traditional Oak Woods. A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez-Gil ◽  
Maria del Alamo-Sanza ◽  
Rosario Sánchez-Gómez ◽  
Ignacio Nevares
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
New Reservoir

Wood is one of the most highly valued materials in enology since the chemical composition and sensorial properties of wine change significantly when in contact with it. The need for wood in cooperage and the concern of enologists in their search for new materials to endow their wines with a special personality has generated interest in the use of other Quercus genus materials different from the traditional ones (Q. petraea, Q. robur and Q. alba) and even other wood genera. Thereby, species from same genera such as Q. pyrenaica Willd., Q. faginea Lam., Q. humboldtti Bonpl., Q. oocarpa Liebm., Q. stellata Wangenh, Q. frainetto Ten., Q. lyrata Walt., Q. bicolor Willd. and other genera such as Castanea sativa Mill. (chestnut), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (false acacia), Prunus avium L. and P. cereaus L. (cherry), Fraxinus excelsior L. (European ash) and F. americana L. (American ash) have been studied with the aim of discovering whether they could be a new reservoir of wood for cooperage. This review aims to summarize the characterization of tannin and low molecular weight phenol compositions of these alternative woods for enology in their different cooperage stages and compare them to traditional oak woods, as both are essential to proposing their use in cooperage for aging wine.

Influence of toasting treatment on permeability of six wood species for enological use

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Acuña ◽  
Daniel Gonzalez ◽  
Javier de la Fuente ◽  
Laura Moya
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract The major physical properties and permeability of six wood species, namely, Castanea sativa, Prunus avium, Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus alba, and Quercus petraea, have been investigated from the enological point of view. With permeability studies in focus, impregnation and evaporation losses were assessed by means of a hydroalcoholic solution similar to wine. Both native and toasted woods were tested, as toasting is a common pretreatment for barrels destined to be used in wine aging. Evaporation losses of all species, with and without treatment, follow a positively sloped linear model with R2 adjusted ≥90%, whereas losses by impregnation followed an asymptotic model with R2 values ≥80%. The effects of toasting are species specific. It was observed that the impregnation and evaporation losses decrease significantly in the species C. sativa, R. pseudoacacia, Q. alba, and P. avium. It is remarkable that toasted F. excelsior has total losses much higher than the other woods tested; thus, toasting of this type of wood is not recommendable for manufacturing wood staves for winemaking.

scholarly journals Specific rotation and carbohydrate profile of Croatian unifloral honeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Primorac ◽  
I. Flanjak ◽  
KenjerićD ◽  
BubaloD ◽  
Z. Topolnjak
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Specific Rotation ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Specific rotation and carbohydrate profile of Croatian black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) honeys were determined. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose (with cellobiose and trehalose), melezitose (with erlose), raffinose, and xylose were evaluated and quantified by HPLC, while specific rotation was determined by using a polarimeter. The differences in the carbohydrate profile, especially in disaccharide and trisaccharide contents, reflected different specific rotation values of the honey types selected. Weak positive correlations between specific rotation and sucrose, melezitose with erlose, and raffinose contents were found.

scholarly journals Pollen and inorganic characteristics of Bulgarian unifloral honeys

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Atanassova ◽  
YurukovaL ◽  
M. Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Unifloral Honey ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Prunus Spp ◽  
Salix Spp

The melissopalynological characteristics, three main physicochemical parameters (water content, pH, and electrical conductivity), and 19 macro- and microelements contents of 15 honey types from throughout Bulgariathat were collected from 2006 to 2009 were evaluated. The main honeys studied came from Robinia pseudoacacia L., Helianthus annuus L., Brassica spp., Tilia spp., and Vicia spp. The botanical origins of unifloral honey samples were identified as Lotus spp., Coriandrum sativum L., Daucus-type, Stachys-type, Salix spp., Prunus spp., Castanea sativa Mill., Paliurus spina-christi Mill., Sophora japonica, and Amorpha spp. Based on the physicochemical parameters and elements contents, one sample with high a percentage of Trifolium spp. pollen was identified as honeydew honey.

scholarly journals Short-term survival and crown rebuilding of European broadleaf tree species following a severe ice storm

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137
Author(s):  
Dušan Roženbergar ◽  
Jakob Pavlin ◽  
Thomas A. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Ice Storms ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Ice storms cause widespread damage to forests in many temperate regions, leaving behind many live trees with severe crown damage. Following a severe ice storm in 2014 that damaged forests across Slovenia, we examined how tree-level attributes influenced survival and crown rebuilding three growing seasons after the storm. Field sampling was carried out in four mature stands dominated by native broadleaf species. Of the 763 sampled trees, the annual mortality rate following the storm was 2.2%, and nearly all trees that died experienced >75% crown removal. Oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) had higher rates of mortality than beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). Mixed models revealed that survival significantly increased with tree diameter and decreased with increasing crown damage. Although we observed sprouting across all the dominant species, maple, oak, and chestnut showed a more vigorous response than beech, and maple had the fastest sprout growth. Model results showed that sprout density and length increased with level of crown damage. The results indicate that these broadleaf forests are resilient to severe ice damage. Consequently, hasty salvage cutting of trees with canopy damage should be avoided, as many individuals with >75% crown damage are likely to survive and recover.

Effects of root wrenching on leaf mineral content of Prunus avium and Castanea sativa seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-963
Author(s):  
N A Hipps ◽  
T J Samuelson ◽  
L G Farman
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

The roots of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) seedlings grown from seed in a nursery bed were cut by passing a wedge-shaped blade horizontally through the soil (wrenched) at 20 cm depth on 10 July (early) or 12 August (late) or on both dates. Nitrogen concentrations in leaves of C. sativa and P. avium seedlings were severely reduced by early or late root wrenching, and except for the early wrenched C. sativa, seedlings had not fully recovered by the end of the growing season compared with the controls. Phosphorus concentrations also were reduced in the leaves of both species by wrenching treatments, but were similar to those found in undisturbed seedlings by the end of the season. The effects of wrenching treatments on the concentrations of potassium, manganese, and calcium in leaves of either species were generally negligible. The reduction in concentrations and total foliar content of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by the wrenching treatments in leaves of these species did not have a negative effect on growth following outplanting.

scholarly journals Typing European Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Cultivars Using Oak Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boccacci ◽  
A. Akkak ◽  
D. Torello Marinoni ◽  
G. Bounous ◽  
R. Botta
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
European Chestnut ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
The Ideal

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers show many characteristics of the ideal molecular marker, and recent studies have shown that loci developed in one species may allow analysis in taxonomically related species. In this study, 52 primer pairs developed in two oak species—Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Lieb.—were used to amplify DNA of 5 chestnut cultivars; 28 of them yielded amplicons and 12 polymorphic loci were selected and used to fingerprint 12 european chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars grown in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 8, mean expected heterozygosity was 0.592 (range: 0.288 to 0.868), and mean observed heterozygosity was 0.667 (range: 0.333 to 1.000). The results demonstrate the usefulness of some SSR markers isolated in Quercus for the fingerprinting and genetic mapping of Castanea cultivars.

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