scholarly journals Bioactivity of Fucoidan as an Antimicrobial Agent in a New Functional Beverage

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Poveda-Castillo ◽  
Dolores Rodrigo ◽  
Antonio Martínez ◽  
Maria Pina-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Functional Beverages ◽  
Reference Medium ◽  
Marine Compounds

Seaweeds are a sustainable source of novel functional ingredients with applicability in pharmaceutics, biotechnology, and food science. The bioactivity of most of these marine compounds has scarcely been studied. The present study overviews the bioactivity of the polysaccharide fucoidan derived from Fucus vesiculosus brown algae as an antimicrobial agent against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The results obtained in vitro in reference medium reveal a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of fucoidan against both pathogens, this bioactivity being significantly dependent (p-value ≤ 0.05) on the concentration, 5–1000 μg/mL, temperature, 8–37 °C, and exposure time, 0–12 days. The results were validated in the formulation of a new functional pasteurized apple beverage to be commercialized under refrigeration. Fucoidan added at 25–100 μg/mL was highly effective against both pathogens. These results increase knowledge for the future formulation of new functional beverages that include marine compounds (high content in fibre, high content in protein; prebiotic and antioxidant properties), additionally revealing antimicrobial potential.

Fungal xenosiderophores from mycobiota and diet promote Salmonella colonization of the inflamed gut

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Santus ◽  
Amisha Rana ◽  
Jason Devlin ◽  
Kaitlyn Kiernan ◽  
Carol Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Infectious Colitis ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Siderophore Receptors ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract The fungal gut microbiota (mycobiota) has been implicated in diseases that disturb gut homeostasis. However, little is known about functional relationships between bacteria and fungi in the gut during infectious colitis. We investigated the role of fungal metabolites during infection with the intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We found that in the gut lumen, both the mycobiota and fungi present in the diet can be a source of siderophores, small molecules that scavenge iron from the host. The ability to use fungal siderophores, such as ferrichrome and coprogen, conferred a competitive growth advantage to Salmonella strains expressing the fungal siderophore receptors FhuA or FhuE in vitro and in a mouse model. Our study highlights the role of inter-kingdom cross-feeding between fungi and Salmonella, and elucidates a new function for the gut mycobiota, revealing the importance of these under-studied members of the gut ecosystem during bacterial infection.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium by Altering Biological Functions of Murein Lipoprotein and Lipopolysaccharide

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 8433-8436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Fadl ◽  
J. Sha ◽  
G. R. Klimpel ◽  
J. P. Olano ◽  
C. L. Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Background Strain ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT We constructed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium double-knockout mutants in which either the lipoprotein A (lppA) or the lipoprotein B (lppB) gene was deleted from an msbB-negative background strain by marker exchange mutagenesis. These mutants were highly attenuated when tested with in vitro and in vivo models of Salmonella pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Persistent Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Induces Protease Expression During Intestinal Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Ehrhardt ◽  
Natalie Steck ◽  
Reinhild Kappelhoff ◽  
Stephanie Stein ◽  
Florian Rieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Intestinal Fibrosis ◽  
Fibrotic Tissue ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Protease Expression

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of Crohn’s disease characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and formation of scar tissue. Although many factors including cytokines and proteases contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis, the initiating mechanisms and the complex interplay between these factors remain unclear.MethodsChronic infection of mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was used to induce intestinal fibrosis. A murine protease-specific CLIP-CHIP microarray analysis was employed to assess regulation of proteases and protease inhibitors. To confirm up- or downregulation during fibrosis, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical stainings in mouse tissue and tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro infections were used to demonstrate a direct effect of bacterial infection in the regulation of proteases.ResultsMice develop severe and persistent intestinal fibrosis upon chronic infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, mimicking the pathology of human disease. Microarray analyses revealed 56 up- and 40 downregulated proteases and protease inhibitors in fibrotic cecal tissue. Various matrix metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and protease inhibitors were regulated in the fibrotic tissue, 22 of which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteases demonstrated site-specific staining patterns in intestinal fibrotic tissue from mice and in tissue from human inflammatory bowel disease patients. Finally, we show in vitro that Salmonella infection directly induces protease expression in macrophages and epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts.ConclusionsIn summary, we show that chronic Salmonella infection regulates proteases and protease inhibitors during tissue fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, and therefore this model is well suited to investigating the role of proteases in intestinal fibrosis.

In Vitro Effects of Thymol-β-d-Glucopyranoside on Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli K88†

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LEVENT ◽  
R. B. HARVEY ◽  
G. CIFTCIOGLU ◽  
R. C. BEIER ◽  
K. J. GENOVESE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Porcine Feces

ABSTRACT Although thymol is bactericidal against many pathogens in vitro, its in vivo effectiveness against pathogens in the lower gastrointestinal tract is limited because of its rapid absorption in the proximal gut. Thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside (β-thymol), a conjugated form of thymol, can deliver thymol to the lower gastrointestinal tract and has shown antibacterial effects. In the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of β-thymol on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and Escherichia coli K88 (K88). We inoculated one-half strength Mueller-Hinton broth with 5.8 ± 0.09 log CFU/ml novobiocin- and naladixic acid–resistant (NN) ST (NVSL 95-1776) and 5.1 ± 0.09 log CFU ml−1 NN-resistant K88, with or without porcine feces (0.1% [wt/vol]) (fecal incubations). The resultant bacterial suspensions were distributed under N2 to triplicate sets of tubes to achieve initial concentrations of 0, 3, 6, and 12 mM for ST treatments and 0, 3, 12, and 30 mM for K88 treatments. Samples were incubated at 39°C and then plated onto NN-containing brilliant green agar and NN-containing MacConkey agar; ST and K88 CFU concentrations were determined via 10-fold dilutions, and viable cell counts were performed at 0, 6, and 24 h. No differences in ST CFU counts were observed in β-thymol–treated tubes without the added porcine feces (i.e., pure culture) at 6 or 24 h. However, in tubes that contained fecal incubations, ST CFU counts were reduced (P < 0.05) from controls at 6 h in tubes treated with 6 and 12 mM β-thymol, whereas in tubes treated with 3, 6, and 12 mM β-thymol the CFU counts were reduced (P < 0.05) at 24 h. No differences were observed in K88 CFU counts in pure culture or in fecal incubations at 6 h, but K88 CFU counts were reduced (P < 0.05) in both pure and fecal incubations at 24 h. The results from this study demonstrate that β-thymol, in the presence of fecal suspensions, has anti-Salmonella and anti–E. coli effects, suggesting a role of β-glycoside–hydrolyzing microbes for the release of bactericidal thymol from β-thymol.

scholarly journals The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) is required by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium for O-antigen production, resistance to antimicrobial peptides and in vivo fitness

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (10) ◽  
pp. 3403-3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Paterson ◽  
D. B. Cone ◽  
S. E. Peters ◽  
D. J. Maskell
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Antigen Production ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) catalyses the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate and contributes to glycolysis and the generation of sugar nucleotides for biosynthesis. To assess the role of this enzyme in the biology of the pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium we have characterized a pgm deletion mutant in strain SL1344. Compared to SL1344, SL1344 pgm had impaired growth in vitro, was deficient in the ability to utilize galactose as a carbon source and displayed reduced O-antigen polymer length. The mutant was also more susceptible to antimicrobial peptides and showed decreased fitness in the mouse typhoid model. The in vivo phenotype of SL1344 pgm indicated a role for pgm in the early stages of infection, most likely through deficient O-antigen production. Although pgm mutants in other pathogens have potential as live attenuated vaccine strains, SL1344 pgm was not sufficiently attenuated for such use.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Low-Level Laser (Diode 405 nm) on Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococci Clinical Isolates (In Vitro)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Rahimeh Khavari ◽  
Reza Massudi ◽  
Afsaneh Karmostaji ◽  
Neda Soleimani ◽  
Pantea Ashkeshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Enterococcus is a part of normal gastrointestinal flora in human body. Nevertheless, antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus (ARE) is considered a key factor in nosocomial infections which result in a considerable increase in the rate of patient death due to referring of numerous patients to health centers annually, or lead to extended disease convalescence. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal effect at 405nm diode at a laser power of 30 mW on ARE viability of clinical infections. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 30 isolates underwent antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) in which sensitivity to piperacillin (100 µg), rifampin (5 µg), and oxacillin (1 µg) were measured based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Afterwards, ten most resistant isolates were selected and irradiated by a 405 nm diode laser at a power of 30 mW for 180 and 240 seconds. The data were reported statistically as mean ± standard deviation, and the analysis of the data on varied bacteria was performed using ANOVA. The result was evaluated by SPSS software and P value ≤0.05 was interpreted to be significant. Results: Bacterial viability decreased unsteadily to 10 resistant isolates. Moreover, enhancing irradiation time caused a lower viability rate in such a way that the viability of isolate 9 having the lowest viability rate was reduced from 2.94% in 180 seconds to 0.58% in 240 seconds. The result was evaluated by SPSS software and P value was determined to be significant, and P≤0.05 was laser irradiation for either 180 s or 240 s. Conclusion: Following the study results, 405 nm diode laser could be applied as a tool for eliminating clinical ARE, and it was useful for preventing hospital-acquired infections.

scholarly journals Óleo essencial da Canela (Cinamaldeído) e suas aplicações biológicas.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Cristiane Santos Silva e Silva Figueiredo ◽  
Patrícia Viera de Oliveira ◽  
Warlison Felipe De Silva Saminez ◽  
Roseana Muniz Diniz ◽  
João Francisco Silva Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
De Se ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

Introdução: Cinamaldeído (CND) é o principal componente ativo do óleo essencial da canela (Cinnamomum sp) e tem sido amplamente utilizado em atividades biológicas e farmacológicas, tendo sido relatado atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante, antidiabética, dentre outras. Objetivo: Devido os diversos relatos das propriedades farmacológicas do composto, esse foi escolhido para revisão de literatura. A seleção da bibliografia foi obtida a partir de bases de dados (google scholar, NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed e Scielo - Scientific Electronic Library Online). Discussão: A composição química do CND tem compostos terpenóides que têm poderosa atividade antimicrobiana contra fungos, bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas tais como Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7 e Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. A atividade anti-inflamatória induz a apoptose e inibi a proliferação celular, nas respostas imunes mediadas por monócitos/macrófagos, além de diminuir a produção de óxido nítrico induzido por lipopolissacáridos de um modo dependente da dose. CND ao ser administrado por via oral em ratos diabéticos demonstrou melhora no conteúdo de glicogênio muscular e hepático aumentando a liberação de insulina. Além disso CND estimulou a angiogênese in vivo e in vitro, regulando positivamente o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular. Conclusão: A partir do que foi relatado constatou-se que o CND possui muitas atividades com potencial farmacológico, mas percebe-se que se faz necessário estudos sobre o(s) mecanismos(s) de ação dessas atividades a fim de se proporcionar o uso seguro e eficaz do cinamaldeído.

scholarly journals In vitro synergistic potentials of novel antibacterial combination therapies against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Akil Hossain ◽  
Hae-Chul Park ◽  
Kwang-jick Lee ◽  
Sung-Won Park ◽  
Seung-Chun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

Abstract Background: The antibiotics generally used in farm animals are rapidly losing their effectiveness all over the world as bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. Like some other pathogenic bacteria multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are also frequently found in animals and humans which poses a major public health concern. New strategies are needed to block the development of resistance and to prolong the life of traditional antibiotics. Thus, this study aimed to increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics against S. Typhimurium by combining them with opportunistic phenolic compounds gallic acid (GA), epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and hamamelitannin. Fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI) of phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against S. Typhimurium were determined. Based on the FICI and clinical importance, 1 combination (GA and ceftiofur) was selected for evaluating its effects on the virulence factors of this bacterium. Viability of Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell in presence of this antibacterial combination was evaluated.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of GA, epigallocatechin and hamamelitannin found against different strains of S. Typhimurium were 256, (512–1024), and (512–1024) μg/mL, respectively. Synergistic antibacterial effect was obtained from the combination of erythromycin-epicatechin gallate (FICI: 0.50) against S. Typhimurium. Moreover, additive effects (FICI: 0.502–0.750) were obtained from 16 combinations against this bacterium. The time-kill assay and ultrastructural morphology showed that GA-ceftiofur combination more efficiently inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium compared to individual antimicrobials. Biofilm viability, and swimming and swarming motilities of S. Typhimurium in presence of GA-ceftiofur combination were more competently inhibited than individual antimicrobials. Viabilities of IEC-6 cells were more significantly enhanced by GA-ceftiofur combinations than these antibacterials alone.Conclusions: This study suggests that GA-ceftiofur combination can be potential medication to treat S. Typhimurium-associated diarrhea and prevent S. Typhimurium-associated blood-stream infections (e.g.: fever) in farm animals, and ultimately its transmission from animal to human. Further in vivo study to confirm these effects and safety profiles in farm animal should be undertaken for establishing these combinations as medications.

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