scholarly journals Water-Soluble Anions in PM10 Samples Collected in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica: Temporal and Spatial Variations

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Jorge Herrera-Murillo ◽  
Tomas Soto-Murillo ◽  
José Félix Rojas-Marín ◽  
Victor Hugo Beita-Guerrero ◽  
María Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Pm10 Mass

The concentrations of water-soluble anions present in PM10 collected from ambient air in four sites of Costa Rica’s greater metropolitan area (GAM) were analyzed. Samples were collected over a 24-h period for three days during the 2011–2018 period, using high-volume air samplers with mass flow controller. The PM10 samples were collected using quartz fiber filters, which were analyzed using ion chromatography to identify organic and inorganic ions. The annual averages for PM10, F−, Cl−, and SO42− showed significant differences between the sampling sites, with Uruca (UR) consistently registering annual averages above the maximum concentration established by Costa Rica’s air quality regulations (30 µgm−3). The ions analyzed contributed 33%, 34%, 35%, and 37% of the PM10 mass for sampling sites UR, HA, AL, and CA, respectively. Using Spearman correlations and principal component analysis (PCA), the following contributions were identified: biomass burning, secondary particle formation processes from mobile and stationary emissions, and biogenic emissions. For each variable, seasonal patterns and trends were analyzed using time series with additive decomposition.

scholarly journals Water-soluble inorganic ions in urban aerosols of the continental part of Balkans (Belgrade) during the summer – autumn (2008)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mihajlidi-Zelić ◽  
Dragana Đorđević ◽  
Dubravka Relić ◽  
Ivana Tošić ◽  
Ljubiša Ignjatović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Fine Mode

AbstractSize-segregated aerosol samples were collected using six stages High Volume Cascade Impactor. Aerosol mass and water soluble ions concentrations were determined. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was used to study the origin of air masses arriving to Belgrade in the investigated period. The obtained results of aerosol mass and water-soluble ion concentrations have been divided into six sub-data sets based on air mass categories. The highest average mass concentration of the fine mode (Dp ≤ 0.49 μm) was found for air masses coming to Belgrade from the southeast and northwest directions, and of the coarse mode (3.0 < Dp ≤7.2 μm) for air masses arriving from the northwest direction. The highest concentrations of SO

scholarly journals Characteristics of Locally Occurring High PM2.5 Concentration Episodes in a Small City in South Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Su-Yeon Choi ◽  
Sung-Won Park ◽  
Jin-Yeo Byun ◽  
Young-Ji Han
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Secondary Formation ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standard ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

In this study, the ionic and carbonaceous compounds in PM2.5 were analysed in the small residential city of Chuncheon, Korea. To identify the local sources that substantially influence PM2.5 concentrations, the samples were divided into two groups: samples with PM2.5 concentrations higher than those in the upwind metropolitan area (Seoul) and samples with lower PM2.5 concentrations. During the sampling period (December 2016–August 2018), the average PM2.5 was 23.2 μg m−3, which exceeds the annual national ambient air quality standard (15 μg m−3). When the PM2.5 concentrations were higher in Chuncheon than in Seoul, the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations increased the most among all the PM2.5 components measured in this study. This is attributable to secondary formation and biomass burning, because secondary OC was enhanced and water soluble OC was strongly correlated with K+, EC, and OC. A principal component analysis identified four factors contributing to PM2.5: fossil-fuel combustion, secondary inorganic and organic reactions in biomass burning plumes, crustal dust, and secondary NH4+ formation.

scholarly journals Online Measurement of PM2.5 at an Air Monitoring Supersite in Yangtze River Delta: Temporal Variation and Source Identification

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Duan ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Guangli Xiu
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dianshan Lake ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
High Level

To comprehensively explore the transport of air pollutants, one-year continuous online observation of PM2.5 was conducted from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2016 at Dianshan Lake, a suburban junction at the central of Yangtze River Delta. The chemical species of PM2.5 samples mainly focused on Organic carbon (OC), Elemental carbon (EC) and Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions (WSIIs). The annual average of PM2.5 concentration was 59.8 ± 31.7 µg·m−3, 1.7 times higher than the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CNAAQS) (35 µg·m−3). SNA (SO42−, NO3− and NH4+) was the most dominated species of PM2.5 total WSIIs, accounting for 51% of PM2.5. PM2.5 and all of its chemical species shared the same seasonal variations with higher concentration in winter and spring, lower in autumn and summer. The higher NO3−/EC and NOR occurred in winter suggested that intensive secondary formation of nitrate contributed to the higher levels of PM2.5. Cluster analysis based on 72-h backward air trajectory showed that the air mass cluster from nearby inland cities, including Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces contributed mostly to the total trajectories. Furtherly, potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis revealed that local sources, namely the emissions in the Yangtze River, were the primary sources. During haze pollution, NO3− was the most important fraction of PM2.5 and the heterogeneous formation of nitrate became conspicuous. All the results suggested that the anthropogenic emissions (such as traffic exhaust) was responsible for the relatively high level of PM2.5 at this monitoring station.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 in the Sichuan Basin, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Shao-dong Xie ◽  
Bin Luo ◽  
Chongzhi Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Inorganic Ions ◽  
Autumn And Winter

To track the particulate pollution in Sichuan Basin, sample filters were collected in three urban sites. Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were explored and their sources were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). During 2012–2013, the PM2.5 concentrations were 86.7 ± 49.7 μg m−3 in Chengdu (CD), 78.6 ± 36.8 μg m−3 in Neijiang (NJ), and 71.7 ± 36.9 μg m−3 in Chongqing (CQ), respectively. WSIIs contributed about 50% to PM2.5, and 90% of them were secondary inorganic ions. NH4+ and NO3− roughly followed the seasonal pattern of PM2.5 variations, whereas the highest levels of SO42− appeared in summer and autumn. PM2.5 samples were most acidic in autumn and winter, but were alkaline in spring. The aerosol acidity increased with the increasing level of anion equivalents. SO42− primarily existed in the form of (NH4)2SO4. Full neutralization of NH4+ to NO3− was only observed in low levels of SO42− + NO3−, and NO3− existed in various forms. SO42− and NO3− were formed mainly through homogeneous reactions, and there was the existence of heterogeneous reactions under high relative humidity. The main identified sources of WSIIs included coal combustion, biomass burning, and construction dust.

scholarly journals Development, characterization and application of an improved online reactive oxygen species analyzer based on MARGA

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyan Wu ◽  
Chi Yang ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Fang Cao ◽  
Aiping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions

Abstract. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body is an important factor leading to diseases. Therefore, research on the content of reactive oxygen species in atmospheric particles is necessary. In order to more conveniently and accurately detect the content of reactive oxygen in atmospheric particles hour by hour. Here, to modify the instrument, it is added a DTT experimental module that is protected from light and filled with nitrogen at the end, based on the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA). The experimental study found that the detection limit of the modified instrument is 0.024 nmol min−1. And the accuracy of the online instrument is determined by comparing the online and offline levels of the samples, which yielded good consistency (slope 0.97, R2 = 0.95). It shows that the performance of the instrument is indeed optimized, the instrument is stable, and the characterization of ROS is accurate. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen and inorganic ions in atmospheric particles are quantified using the online technique in the northern suburbs of Nanjing. It is found that the content of ROS during the day is higher than that at night, especially after it rains, ROS peaks appear in the two time periods of 08:00–10:00 and 16:00–18:00. In addition, examination of the online ROS and water-soluble ions (SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, Na+, Ca2+, K+), BC and polluting gases (SO2, CO, O3, NO, NOx) measurements revealed that photo-oxidation and secondary formation processes could be important sources of aerosol ROS. This method breakthrough enables the quantitative assessment of atmospheric particulate matter ROS at the diurnal scale, providing an effective tool to study sources and environmental impacts of ROS.

scholarly journals Ambient air particles: The use of ion chromatography and multivariate techniques in analysis of water-soluble ions

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Zaklina Todorovic ◽  
Jelena Radulovic ◽  
Ivana Sredovic-Ignjatovic ◽  
Ljubisa Ignjatovic ◽  
Antonije Onjia
Keyword(s):  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Seventeen water-soluble substances (sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, formate, methanesulfonate, glyoxylate, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, glutarate, succinate, malate, malonate, sulfate, and oxalate) in 94 samples of particle matter in the ambient air, collected for ten months, in a suburb of Belgrade (Serbia), were determined by ion chromatography. To apportion the sources of the air pollution, the log-transformed data were processed by applying multivariate techniques. Principal component and factor analysis identified three main factors controlling the data variability: stationary combustion processes with the highest loadings of oxalate, malonate, and malate; landfill emission and secondary inorganic aerosol characterized by high levels of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate; and a contribution of mineral dust composed of magnesium, calcium, and chloride. The hierarchical cluster analysis pointed out a differentiation of the samples into five groups belonging to different variables inputs. For the classification of ambient air samples using nine selected ions, the recognition ability of linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbors, and soft independent modeling of class analogy were 87.0, 94.6, and 97.8 %, respectively. Time-series analysis showed that the traffic emission is more pronounced in winter in contrast to the mineral dust influence, while the effect of waste combustion exhibits no trend.

Characterization of major water-soluble inorganic ions in size-fractionated particulate matters in Shanghai campus ambient air

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangli Xiu ◽  
Danian Zhang ◽  
Jizhang Chen ◽  
Xuejuan Huang ◽  
Zhixiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Water Soluble Inorganic Ions

scholarly journals Selected trace element concentrations in ambient air and in horse chestnut leaves in Belgrade

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
I. Deljanin ◽  
D. Antanasijevic ◽  
Anicic Urosevic ◽  
M. Tomasevic ◽  
Z. Sekulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Stationary Heating ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations ◽  
Pm10 Mass

In this study, airborne particulates (PM10) and leaves of horse chestnut were collected at selected urban sites in Belgrade, Serbia, in years 2006, 2009 and 2012. All samples were analysed for trace element concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. It has been shown that, during the study period, the differences among PM10 mass trace element concentrations were not considerable, and that the measured mass and trace elements concentrations were below the Serbian and EU legislation limits. Highest values of trace element concentrations in leaves were observed in year 2012, with the exception of Pb. Lead concentration had a decreasing trend during the whole studied period, in both PM10 and tree leaves. Since leaded gasoline was banned in 2011, a possible reason could be an increasing number of vehicles using unleaded kind along the previous years. Although trace elements in horse chestnut leaves were accumulated only during summer season, horse chestnut leaves showed good response to changes in trace element atmospheric concentrations. However, seasonal variability was evident in trace element source apportionment due to the lack of stationary heating system influence. The Principal Component Analysis showed that during the studied period, one of the major sources of the measured elements was fossil fuel combustion.

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