scholarly journals Airborne Wear Particle Emissions Produced during the Dyno Bench Tests with a Slag Containing Semi-Metallic Brake Pads

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Matějka ◽  
Guido Perricone ◽  
Jozef Vlček ◽  
Ulf Olofsson ◽  
Jens Wahlström
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Brake Pads

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the level of airborne wear particles released during the dyno-bench tests with the brake pads consisting of alkali-activated slag as an abrasive. Airborne wear particles are generated with a full-scale dyno-bench adapted for airborne wear particles emission studies. The tested disc brake is equipped with two semi-metallic brake pads and a grey cast iron brake disc. A reduced Los Angeles City Traffic (LACT) driving cycle, developed within the LOWBRASYS project (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme), is used to mimic city driving. The same friction pair is used six times with reduced LACT cycle. The weight loss and thickness of the pads and disc are registered after each test cycle ends. The amount of the airborne wear particles emissions released during each test cycle are characterized using a PM10 impactor and electric low-pressure impactor. The obtained data of wear particle emissions are correlated with the parameters of the brake stops. The maximum disc temperature was indicated as the parameter having the largest influence on the production of particle emissions together with the duration of the brake event

Brake Wear Particle Size and Shape Analysis of Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) and Semi Metallic Brake Pad

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain, S. ◽  
M.K Abdul Hamid ◽  
A.R Mat Lazim ◽  
A.R. Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Particle Size And Shape

Brake wear particles resulting from friction between the brake pad and disc are common in brake system. In this work brake wear particles were analyzed based on the size and shape to investigate the effects of speed and load applied to the generation of brake wear particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify the size, shape and element compositions of these particles. Two types of brake pads were studied which are non-asbestos organic and semi metallic brake pads. Results showed that the size and shape of the particles generatedvary significantly depending on the applied brake load, and less significantly on brake disc speed. The wear particle becomes bigger with increasing applied brake pressure. The wear particle size varies from 300 nm to 600 µm, and contained elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, sulfur and iron.

scholarly journals Impact of Brake Pad Structure on Temperature and Stress Fields of Brake Disc

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoshun Wang ◽  
Rong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Structure Factor ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Circular Structure ◽  
Friction Energy

Utilizing ABAQUS finite element software, the study established the relationship between a brake pad structure and distributions of temperature and thermal stress on brake disc. By introducing radial structure factor and circular structure factor concepts, the research characterized the effect of friction block radial and circumferential arrangement on temperature field of the brake disc. A method was proposed for improving heat flow distribution of the brake disc through optimizing the position of the friction block of the brake pad. Structure optimization was conducted on brake pads composed of 5 or 7 circular friction blocks. The result shows that, with the same overall contact area of friction pair, an appropriate brake pad structure can make the friction energy distribute evenly and therefore lowers peak temperature and stress of the brake disc. Compared with a brake pad of 7 friction blocks, an optimized brake pad of 5 friction blocks lowered the peak temperature of the corresponding brake disc by 4.9% and reduced the highest stress by 10.7%.

scholarly journals Novel biological strategies for treatment of wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis of orthopaedic implants for joint replacement

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (93) ◽  
pp. 20130962 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Goodman ◽  
E. Gibon ◽  
J. Pajarinen ◽  
T.-H. Lin ◽  
M. Keeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathologic Fracture ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Implant Loosening ◽  
Orthopaedic Implants ◽  
Periprosthetic Osteolysis ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Reaction

Wear particles and by-products from joint replacements and other orthopaedic implants may result in a local chronic inflammatory and foreign body reaction. This may lead to persistent synovitis resulting in joint pain and swelling, periprosthetic osteolysis, implant loosening and pathologic fracture. Strategies to modulate the adverse effects of wear debris may improve the function and longevity of joint replacements and other orthopaedic implants, potentially delaying or avoiding complex revision surgical procedures. Three novel biological strategies to mitigate the chronic inflammatory reaction to orthopaedic wear particles are reported. These include (i) interference with systemic macrophage trafficking to the local implant site, (ii) modulation of macrophages from an M1 (pro-inflammatory) to an M2 (anti-inflammatory, pro-tissue healing) phenotype in the periprosthetic tissues, and (iii) local inhibition of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) by delivery of an NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide, thereby interfering with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. These three approaches have been shown to be viable strategies for mitigating the undesirable effects of wear particles in preclinical studies. Targeted local delivery of specific biologics may potentially extend the lifetime of orthopaedic implants.

Tribological Performance of a Non Asbestos Organic Brake Pad Using Various Organic and Mineral Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
M.A. Sai Balaji ◽  
K. Kalaichelvan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Acrylic Fibers ◽  
Automotive Brake

Non-Asbestos organic composite friction materials are increasingly used in automotive brake disc pad applications. The present paper deals with the role of various organic fibers Kevlar, Acrylic fibers and the Rock fiber namely the Lapinus fiber on the fade and recovery behavior of friction composites. Three different friction composites were developed with same formulation varying only the percentage of Kevlar, Acrylic and lapinus fibers within the formulation. The formulations containing 13.5% of these fibers were developed as brake pads and designated as NA01, NA02 and NA03 respectively. The chemical and Mechanical properties are tested as per Indian Industrial standards.. The composites are then tested for the tribo-performance using Chase Testing Machine following SAE J661a standards. The fade µ, recovery µ and wear are significantly influenced by the amount and type of fiber combinations. Also the TGA reveals the degradation temperature of these fibers. Composite NA 03 containing Kevlar and lapinus combination is found to have good tribo performance. Worn surface analysis by SEM has proved to be useful in understanding the wear behavior of the composites.

scholarly journals A simple method of suspending implant wear particles for more physiological modelling of cell-particle interactions in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Poon
Keyword(s):  
Wear Debris ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Implant Wear

AbstractArthroplasty implants e.g. hip, knee, spinal disc sustain relatively high compressive loading and friction wear, which lead to the formation of wear particles or debris between articulating surfaces. Despite advances in orthopaedic materials and surface treatments, the production of wear debris from any part of a joint arthroplasty implant is currently unavoidable. Implant wear debris induces host immune responses and inflammation, which causes patient pain and ultimately implant failure through progressive inflammation-mediated osteolysis and implant loosening, where the severity and rate of periprosthetic osteolysis depends on the material and physicochemical characteristics of the wear particles. Evaluating the cytotoxicity of implant wear particles is important for regulatory approved clinical application of arthroplasty implants, as is the study of cell-particle response pathways. However, the wear particles of polymeric materials commonly used for arthroplasty implants tend to float when placed in culture media, which limits their contact with cell cultures. This study reports a simple means of suspending wear particles in liquid medium using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) to provide a more realistic proxy of the interaction between cells and tissues to wear particles in vivo, which are free-floating in synovial fluid within the joint cavity. Low concentrations of NaCMC dissolved in culture medium were found to be effective for suspending polymeric wear particles. Such suspensions may be used as more physiologically-relevant means for testing cellular responses to implant wear debris, as well as studying the combinative effects of shear and wear particle abrasion on cells in a dynamic culture environments such as perfused tissue-on-chip devices.

On-road vehicle measurements of brake wear particle emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 116943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand H. Farwick zum Hagen ◽  
Marcel Mathissen ◽  
Tomasz Grabiec ◽  
Tim Hennicke ◽  
Marc Rettig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Particle ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Brake Wear

Analysis of wear induced particle emissions from brake pads during the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP)

Wear ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 203539
Author(s):  
Jongsung Park ◽  
Byungsoo Joo ◽  
Hyungjo Seo ◽  
Wansu Song ◽  
Jung Ju Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Brake Pads

scholarly journals Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Particles under Alternating Magnetic Fields: Focus on Particle Detection Sensor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Jia ◽  
Biao Ma ◽  
Changsong Zheng ◽  
Liyong Wang ◽  
Xin Ba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Interparticle Distance ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Sensor Applications

The electromagnetic wear particles detection sensor has been widely studied due to its ability to monitor the wear status of equipment in real time. To precisely estimate the change of the magnetic energy of the sensor coil caused by the wear particles, the magnetic property models of wear particles under the alternating magnetic field was established. The models consider the hysteresis effect and the eddy current effect of the wear particles. The analysis and experimental results show that with the increase of the effective field frequency, the change of the magnetic energy caused by the wear particles gradually decrease, which makes the induced electromotive force output by the sensor reduce with the decrease of the particle speed, so a signal compensation method is presented to obtain a unified signal when the same wear particle passing through the sensor in different speeds. The magnetic coupling effect between the two adjacent wear particles is analyzed. The result illustrates that the change of the magnetic energy caused by the dual wear particles system is larger than the sum of the energy variation caused by two independent wear particles, and with the increase of the interparticle distance, the magnetic coupling effect gradually weakens and disappears.

Investigation of Friction Temperature in Railway Disc Brake

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Wan Hua Nong ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Xiao Ming Han
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Disc Surface ◽  
Friction Temperature ◽  
Steel Disc ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Braking Process

The distribution of temperature on the rubbing surface is an important factor influencing the lifetime of a brake disc. With a copper-base sintered brake pad and a forge steel disc, up-to-brake experiments have been conducted on a full-scale test bench at a highest speed of 200 Km/h and a maximum braking force of 22.5 KN. The temperature distributions on brake disc surface have been acquired by an infrared thermal camera, and the contact pressure on the contact surface of the friction pair has been calculated by the finite element software ABAQUS. The results show that the area and thermal gradient of the hot bands increase with the increase of braking speed and braking force. The hot bands occur in priority at the radial location of r=200 mm and r=300 mm, and move radially in the braking process. The finite element modelling calculation indicates that the distribution of the contact pressure on the disc surface in radial direction is in a "U"-shape. The maximum contact pressure occur at the radial locations of r=200 mm and r=300 mm, and the minimum contact pressure occur in the vicinity of the mean radius of the disc. The conformity of contact pressure distributions with the practical temperature evolutions indicates that the non-uniform distribution of the contact pressure is the factor resulting in the appearance of hot bands on the disc surface.

Improving the Surface Characteristics by Employing FSP on the Composites for the Automobile Brake Pad Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashwath ◽  
M. Anthony Xavior ◽  
R. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Friction Stir

Abstract Looking at the background of the recent research on the area of the brake friction materials, composites are gaining the trust in being a potential replacement among the automobile sectors. The fabrication of the AA 2024 composites reinforced with 3 wt % Al2O3 is done using powder metallurgy technique followed by hot extrusion process. Current research work focuses on friction stir processed surface modified composites evaluated for the replacement of the currently used brake pads materials in automobile sectors. Surface characterization is carried out on the worn-out tracks of both brake materials developed and the counterpart employed using scanning electron microscope and XRD. The counterpart used in pin on disc configuration is exactly the material used in the automobile application (i.e. automobile brake disc plate material). Impact characteristics and tensile studies after friction stir processing (FSP) is studied as well. Coefficient of friction and wear loss characteristics in aspect of the tribological life of the composites developed is compared with the existing automobile brake pad components and found that FSP on composites served the purpose of the materials used in existing brake pads material.

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