scholarly journals Chemical Characterization of Electronic Cigarette (e-cigs) Refill Liquids Prior to EU Tobacco Product Directive Adoption: Evaluation of BTEX Contamination by HS-SPME-GC-MS and Identification of Flavoring Additives by GC-MS-O

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Jolanda Palmisani ◽  
Carmelo Abenavoli ◽  
Marco Famele ◽  
Alessia Di Gilio ◽  
Laura Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Concentration Levels

The present study focused on the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) concentration levels in 97 refill liquids for e-cigs selected by the Italian National Institute of Health as representative of the EU market between 2013 and 2015 prior to the implementation of the European Union (EU) Tobacco Product Directive (TPD). Most of the e-liquids investigated (85/97) were affected by BTEX contamination, with few exceptions observed (levels below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of headspace-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) methodology). Across brands, concentration levels ranged from 2.7 to 30,200.0 µg/L for benzene, from 1.9 to 447.8 µg/L for ethylbenzene, from 1.9 to 1,648.4 µg/L for toluene and from 1.7 to 574.2 µg/L for m,p,o-xylenes. The variability observed in BTEX levels is likely to be related to the variability in contamination level of both propylene glycol and glycerol and flavoring additives included. No correlation was found with nicotine content. Moreover, on a limited number of e-liquids, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) analysis was performed, allowing the identification of key flavoring additives responsible of specific flavor notes. Among them, diacetyl is a flavoring additive of concern for potential toxicity when directly inhaled into human airways. The data reported are eligible to be included in the pre-TPD database and may represent a reference for the ongoing evaluation on e-liquids safety and quality under the current EU Legislation.

scholarly journals Determination of Zeranol and its Metabolites in Bovine Muscle Tissue with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Matraszek-Żuchowska ◽  
Barbara Woźniak ◽  
Jan Żmudzki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Bovine Muscle ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Abstract This paper describes the quantitative method of determination of chosen substances from resorcylic acid lactones group: zeranol, taleranol, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, and zearalanone in bovine muscle tissue. The presented method is based on double diethyl ether liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE) clean up, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The residues were derivatised with a mixture of N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide, ammonium iodide, and DL-dithiothreitol (1,000:2:5, v/w/w). The GC-MS apparatus was operated in positive electron ionisation mode. The method was validated according to the European Union performance criteria pointed in Decision Commission 2002/657/EC. The average recoveries of all analytes at 1 μg kg-1 level were located between 83.7% and 94.5% values with the coefficients of variation values <25%. The decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) for all analytes ranged from 0.58 to 0.82 μg kg-1 and from 0.64 to 0.94 μg kg-1, respectively. The procedure has been accredited and is used as a screening and confirmatory method in control of hormone residues in animal tissues.

Comparison of two selective methods for determination of geosmin (1,2,7,7-tetramethyl-2-norborneol) and 2-MIB (2-methylisoborneol) in drinking and raw water samples by capillary gas chromatography - mass spectrometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lunga Sibali ◽  
Carl Schoeman ◽  
Jabulile Selina Morobi ◽  
Barnard Saenet Molalatladi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Concentration Levels

Abstract Two sample preparation methods were introduced and compared in this study to establish a simple, rapid, sensitive and selective method of analysis for geosmin and 2-MIB in raw and drinking water samples. Geosmin and 2-MIB are major organic pollutants responsible for undesirable taste and odour in aqueous matrices. Thus, there is a need to continue monitoring these compounds since they occur at very low levels (ng/L) in our water systems. Purge and trap (P/T) and solid phase extraction(SPE) methods were evaluated and optimised for separation of these compounds. Mean percentage recoveries obtained in spiked distilled Milli-Q water (18.2 Ω) for 2-MIB and geosmin ranged from 90.1 ± 2.32 (geosmin) to 97.3 ± 3.34 (2-MIB) and from 78.5 ± 4.82 (geosmin) to 87.1 ± 1.02 (2-MIB) for SPE and P/T respectively. Concentration levels obtained in drinking water were between not detected (ND)-6.05 ng/L whereas in raw water samples concentration levels ranged from less than 1 to 371 ng/L. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for identification and quantification of target compounds in this study.

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