scholarly journals Feasibility Study of the Installation of Wave Energy Converters in Existing Breakwaters in the North of Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5225
Author(s):  
Lacasa ◽  
Esteban ◽  
López-Gutiérrez ◽  
Negro ◽  
Zang
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
The North ◽  
North Of Spain ◽  
Energy Converters

In a context of growing global awareness of environmental sustainability, given the risks associated with global warming and climate change, the transition from environmental models to highly intensive fossil fuel production towards new clean energy systems marks the future of global public agendas. In this scenario, a feasibility study of the installation of wave energy converters, such as the Sea Slot-Cone Generator (SSG) and the Oscillating Water Column (OWC), was carried out in existing breakwaters in the North of Spain, choosing Punta Langosteira (Outer Port of A Coruña), Dique Torres and Dique Norte (Port el Musel, Gijón) and Punta Lucero (Port of Bilbao). It was aimed at capturing the great energy potential of the Atlantic Ocean, as an innovative solution linked to the development of renewable energy sources of marine origin. The selection of the most optimal and efficient alternative will depend on different aspects: the quantitative availability of the wave energy resource at the study points, the production of energy obtained by the device and the capacity factor, the capacity of the wave energy facility to supply the energy consumption in every port to boost the image of “Green Port”, the constructive viability so that the condition of having the construction works only during one year and an economic estimation of each alternative.

scholarly journals HF Radars for Wave Energy Resource Assessment Offshore NW Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2070
Author(s):  
Ana Basañez ◽  
Vicente Pérez-Muñuzuri
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Statistical Validation ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

Wave energy resource assessment is crucial for the development of the marine renewable industry. High-frequency radars (HF radars) have been demonstrated to be a useful wave measuring tool. Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the accuracy of two CODAR Seasonde HF radars for describing the wave energy resource of two offshore areas in the west Galician coast, Spain (Vilán and Silleiro capes). The resulting wave characterization was used to estimate the electricity production of two wave energy converters. Results were validated against wave data from two buoys and two numerical models (SIMAR, (Marine Simulation) and WaveWatch III). The statistical validation revealed that the radar of Silleiro cape significantly overestimates the wave power, mainly due to a large overestimation of the wave energy period. The effect of the radars’ data loss during low wave energy periods on the mean wave energy is partially compensated with the overestimation of wave height and energy period. The theoretical electrical energy production of the wave energy converters was also affected by these differences. Energy period estimation was found to be highly conditioned to the unimodal interpretation of the wave spectrum, and it is expected that new releases of the radar software will be able to characterize different sea states independently.

scholarly journals A Survey of Power Take-off Systems of Ocean Wave Energy Converters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Liu ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Xu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Wave Energy Conversion ◽  
Drive Power ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Ocean Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Converters

Ocean wave energy conversion as one of the renewable clean energy sources is attracting the research interests of many people. This review introduces different types of power take-off technology of wave energy converters. The main focus is the linear direct drive power take-off devices as they have the advantages for ocean wave energy conversion. The designs and optimizations of power take-off systems of ocean wave energy converters have been studied from reviewing the recently published literature. Also, the simple hydrodynamics of wave energy converters have been reviewed for design optimization of the wave energy converters at specific wave sites. The novel mechanical designs of the power take-off systems have been compared and investigated in order to increase the energy harvesting efficiency.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning and GIS Approach for the Optimal Positioning of Wave Energy Converters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6773
Author(s):  
Georgios Batsis ◽  
Panagiotis Partsinevelos ◽  
Georgios Stavrakakis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

Renewable Energy Sources provide a viable solution to the problem of ever-increasing climate change. For this reason, several countries focus on electricity production using alternative sources. In this paper, the optimal positioning of the installation of wave energy converters is examined taking into account geospatial and technical limitations. Geospatial constraints depend on Land Use classes and seagrass of the coastal areas, while technical limitations include meteorological conditions and the morphology of the seabed. Suitable installation areas are selected after the exclusion of points that do not meet the aforementioned restrictions. We implemented a Deep Neural Network that operates based on heterogeneous data fusion, in this case satellite images and time series of meteorological data. This fact implies the definition of a two-branches architecture. The branch that is trained with image data provides for the localization of dynamic geospatial classes in the potential installation area, whereas the second one is responsible for the classification of the region according to the potential wave energy using wave height and period time series. In making the final decision on the suitability of the potential area, a large number of static land use data play an important role. These data are combined with neural network predictions for the optimizing positioning of the Wave Energy Converters. For the sake of completeness and flexibility, a Multi-Task Neural Network is developed. This model, in addition to predicting the suitability of an area depending on seagrass patterns and wave energy, also predicts land use classes through Multi-Label classification process. The proposed methodology is applied in the marine area of the city of Sines, Portugal. The first neural network achieves 98.7% Binary Classification accuracy, while the Multi-Task Neural Network 97.5% in the same metric and 93.5% in the F1 score of the Multi-Label classification output.

scholarly journals The Economic Feasibility of Floating Offshore Wave Energy Farms in the North of Spain

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Castro-Santos ◽  
Ana Bento ◽  
Carlos Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
The North ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Offshore Wave ◽  
North Of Spain

A technique to analyse the economic viability of offshore farms composed of wave energy converters is proposed. Firstly, the inputs, whose value will be considered afterwards in the economic step, was calculated using geographic information software. Secondly, the energy produced by each wave converter was calculated. Then the economic factors were computed. Finally, the restriction that considers the depth of the region (bathymetry) was put together with the economic outputs, whose value depends on the floating Wave Energy Converter (WEC). The method proposed was applied to the Cantabric and Atlantic coasts in the north of Spain, a region with a good offshore wave energy resource. In addition, three representative WECs were studied: Pelamis, AquaBuoy and Wave Dragon; and five options for electric tariffs were analysed. Results show the Wave Energy Converter that has the best results regarding its LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy), IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and NPV (Net Present Value), and which area is best for the development of a wave farm.

scholarly journals Weptos Wave Energy Converters to Cover the Energy Needs of a Small Island

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Margheritini ◽  
Jens Kofoed
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Battery Bank ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Energy Converters

This paper presents the details of a study performed to investigate the feasibility of a wave energy system made up of a number of Weptos wave energy converters (WECs) and sets of batteries, to provide the full energy demands of a small island in Denmark. Two different configurations with 2 and 4 Weptos machines respectively with a combined installed power of 750 kW (and a capacity factor of 0.2) are presented. One full year simulation, based a detailed hourly analysis of the power consumption and wave energy resource assessment in the surrounding sea, is used to demonstrate that both configurations, supplemented by a 3 MWh battery bank and a backup generator, can provide the energy needs of the island. The proposed configurations are selected on the basis of a forecast optimization of price estimates for the individual elements of the solutions. The simulations show that Weptos WECs actually deliver 50% more than average consumption over the year, but due to the imbalance between consumption and production, this is not enough to cover all situations, which necessitates a backup generator that must cover 5–7% of consumption, in situations where there are too few waves and the battery bank is empty.

scholarly journals A Design Outline for Floating Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 846097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Faizal ◽  
M. Rafiuddin Ahmed ◽  
Young-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Floating Point ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Point Absorber ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Incident Waves ◽  
Energy Converters

An overview of the most important development stages of floating point absorber wave energy converters is presented. At a given location, the wave energy resource has to be first assessed for varying seasons. The mechanisms used to convert wave energy to usable energy vary for different wave energy conversion systems. The power output of the generator will have variations due to varying incident waves. The wave structure-interaction leads to modifications in the incident waves; thus, the power output is also affected. The device has to be stable enough to prevent itself from capsizing. The point absorber will give optimum performance when the incident wave frequencies correspond to the natural frequency of the device. The methods for calculating natural frequencies for pitching and heaving systems are presented. Mooring systems maintain the point absorber at the desired location. Various mooring configurations as well as the most commonly used materials for mooring lines are discussed. An overview of scaled modelling is also presented.

scholarly journals Wave energy resource variation off the west coast of Ireland and its impact on realistic wave energy converters’ power absorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markel Penalba ◽  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegui ◽  
John Ringwood ◽  
Jon Sáenz
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
The West ◽  
Power Absorption ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters ◽  
Resource Variation

Model based feasibility study on bidirectional check valves in wave energy converters

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Hedegaard Hansen ◽  
Henrik C. Pedersen ◽  
Torben O. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

scholarly journals Wave-to-Wire Power Maximization Control for All-Electric Wave Energy Converters with Non-Ideal Power Take-Off

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2948
Author(s):  
Sousounis ◽  
Shek
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Floating Body ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Electric Wave ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

The research presented in this paper investigates novel ways of optimizing all-electric wave energy converters for maximum wave-to-wire efficiency. In addition, a novel velocity-based controller is presented which was designed specifically for wave-to-wire efficiency maximization. In an ideal wave energy converter system, maximum efficiency in power conversion is achieved by maximizing the hydrodynamic efficiency of the floating body. However, in a real system, that involves losses at different stages from wave to grid, and the global wave-to-wire optimum differs from the hydrodynamic one. For that purpose, a full wave-to-wire wave energy converter that uses a direct-drive permanent magnet linear generator was modelled in detail. The modelling aspect included complex hydrodynamic simulations using Edinburgh Wave Systems Simulation Toolbox and the electrical modelling of the generator, controllers, power converters and the power transmission side with grid connection in MATLAB/Simulink. Three reference controllers were developed based on the previous literature: a real damping, a reactive spring damping and a velocity-based controller. All three literature-based controllers were optimized for maximum wave-to-wire efficiency for a specific wave energy resource profile. The results showed the advantage of using reactive power to bring the velocity of the point absorber and the wave excitation force in phase, which was done directly using the velocity-based controller, achieving higher efficiencies. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that maximizing hydrodynamic energy capture may not lead to maximum wave-to-wire efficiency. Finally, the controllers were also tested in random sea states, and their performance was evaluated.

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