scholarly journals A Review of Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Process Security Risks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaco Prinsloo ◽  
Saurabh Sinha ◽  
Basie von Solms
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Manufacturing Methods

The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing has found a unique and prominent role in Industry 4.0 and is rapidly gaining popularity in the manufacturing industry. 3D printing offers many advantages over conventional manufacturing methods, making it an attractive alternative that is more cost-effective and efficient than conventional manufacturing methods. With the Internet of Things (IoT) at the heart of this new movement, control over manufacturing methods now enters the cyber domain, offering endless possibilities in manufacturing automation and optimization. However, as disruptive and innovative as this may seem, there is grave concern about the cyber-security risks involved. These security aspects are often overlooked, particularly by promising new start-ups and parties that are not too familiar with the risks involved in not having proper cyber-security measures in place. This paper explores some of the cyber-security risks involved in the bridge between industrial manufacturing and Industry 4.0, as well as the associated countermeasures already deployed or currently under development. These aspects are then contextualized in terms of Industry 4.0 in order to serve as a basis for and assist with future development in this field.

3D printing towards implementing Industry 4.0: sustainability aspects, barriers and challenges

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar Malik ◽  
Mir Irfan Ul Haq ◽  
Ankush Raina ◽  
Kapil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Environmental degradation has emerged as one of the major limitations of industrial revolution and has led to an increased focus towards developing sustainable strategies and techniques. This paper aims to highlight the sustainability aspects of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that helps towards a better implementation of Industry 4.0. It also aims to provide a brief picture of relationships between 3D printing, Industry 4.0 and sustainability. The major goal is to facilitate the researchers, scholars, engineers and recommend further research, development and innovations in the field. Design/methodology/approach The various enabling factors for implementation of Industry 4.0 are discussed in detail. Some barriers to incorporation of 3D Printing, its applications areas and global market scenario are also discussed. A through literature review has been done to study the detailed relationships between 3D printing, Industry 4.0 and sustainability. Findings The technological benefits of 3D printing are many such as weight savings, waste minimization and energy savings. Further, the production of new 3D printable materials with improved features helps in reducing the wastage of material during the process. 3D printing if used at a large scale would help industries to implement the concept of Industry 4.0. Originality/value This paper focuses on discussing technological revolution under Industry 4.0 and incorporates 3D printing-type technologies that largely change the product manufacturing scenario. The interrelationships between 3D printing, Industry 4.0 and sustainability have been discussed.

scholarly journals Optimization of Process Parameters of Pin on Disc Wear Set up for 3D Printed Specimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar ◽  
◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Shrivastava ◽  
Shahroz Akhtar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data File ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Set Up

3D Printing is av technology that produces three-dimensional parts layer by layer from a material. The method relies on a digital data file being transmitted to a machine that then builds the component. The evolution of 3D printing has seen rapid growth in the manufacturing industry. However, the material properties of the fabricated part are different for different combinations of input parameters. Hence, it is essential to determine the properties of the fabricated specimen. In the present work, specimens of ABS have been fabricated using a 3D printer conform to ASTM G99 standard, by varying the combinations of input parameters. The design of experiments has been done using Box Behnken design. Thereafter, the wear rate of the fabricated specimens has been tested on the wear tester machine (Pin-on-disc). The obtained combination of input and output has been used to generate a mathematical model using response surface methodology (RSM). The model has been optimized and a suitable range of input parameters have been determined, pertaining to the minimum wear rate for given conditions.

Towards an Industry 4.0-Based Maintenance Approach in the Manufacturing Processes

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roberto Reyes García ◽  
Alberto Martinetti ◽  
Juan M. Jauregui Becker ◽  
Sarbjeet Singh ◽  
Leo A. M. van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Machine Reliability ◽  
Condition Monitoring Systems ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Reliability And Availability

Maintenance is one of the key application areas of Industry 4.0. Every day, maintenance managers and technicians face the challenge of ensuring maximum machine reliability and availability, while minimizing the utilization of materials consumed by maintenance and repairs. As productivity is pressured to further improve, finding a successful balance between these aspects is becoming increasingly difficult. Therefore, integrating condition-monitoring systems with predictive and prescriptive maintenance principles, a new Industry 4.0-based maintenance can be obtained that enables maintenance engineers to better deal with this challenge. In this context, Maintenance 4.0 expands existing maintenance functions by the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies, like internet of things, cyber physical systems, augmented reality, and 3D printing. This chapter presents the main maintenance areas that are supported and enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies and introduces an Industry 4.0-based predictive maintenance approach for the manufacturing industry.

Industry 4.0 Adaption in Indian Banking Sector—A Review and Agenda for Future Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292199682
Author(s):  
Ritika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Control

Digitalization and intelligization is the need of the hour in today’s world. The manufacturing industry is, in fact, moving towards the fourth-generation industry, which we termed as Industry 4.0 or the Fourth Industrial revolution, which is defined as a new level of organization and control over the entire value chain of the life cycle of products; it is geared towards increasingly individualized customer requirements. Industry 4.0 is all about talking in terms of big data, technology, cyber security, the Internet of Things (IoT) and so on. This study is done to understand the new emerging technology in data exchange and automation, popularly known as Industry 4.0, in terms of banking sector with context to the Indian banking sector. The study focuses on studying banks in a digitalized word and what are the challenges that banks face. How banks cope up with digitalization, keeping customers at priority. This study centred on incorporating articles published in recent years to establish knowledge on the topic and to further identify areas for future research.

Towards an Industry 4.0-Based Maintenance Approach in the Manufacturing Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1219-1243
Author(s):  
J. Roberto Reyes García ◽  
Alberto Martinetti ◽  
Juan M. Jauregui Becker ◽  
Sarbjeet Singh ◽  
Leo A. M. van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Machine Reliability ◽  
Condition Monitoring Systems ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Reliability And Availability

Maintenance is one of the key application areas of Industry 4.0. Every day, maintenance managers and technicians face the challenge of ensuring maximum machine reliability and availability, while minimizing the utilization of materials consumed by maintenance and repairs. As productivity is pressured to further improve, finding a successful balance between these aspects is becoming increasingly difficult. Therefore, integrating condition-monitoring systems with predictive and prescriptive maintenance principles, a new Industry 4.0-based maintenance can be obtained that enables maintenance engineers to better deal with this challenge. In this context, Maintenance 4.0 expands existing maintenance functions by the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies, like internet of things, cyber physical systems, augmented reality, and 3D printing. This chapter presents the main maintenance areas that are supported and enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies and introduces an Industry 4.0-based predictive maintenance approach for the manufacturing industry.

3D PRINTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Engin Ozturk ◽  
Gozde Basak Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Technological Developments

New technological developments determine the course of the construction industry. Three-dimensional (3D) printer technology has become one of the technologies that determine the production logic of the 21st century. The concept of Industry 4.0 gained importance in the construction industry with a 3D printer. In this study, a systematic literature review was performed. The publications related to the 3D printer have been examined within the scope of civil engineering implementations. The 3D printer researches associated with BIM, Industry 4.0, NASA, additive manufacturing, and point cloud technology subjects was reviewed through an intensive systematic literature review. As a result of the study, it has been understood that the studies in the field of civil engineering were insufficient compared to manufacturing industry. For this reason, the number of researches on 3D printer applications should increase in construction industry.

Cyber Security Risks of Technical Components in Industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Matsuda ◽  
Mariko Fujimoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Hashimoto ◽  
Takuho Mitsunaga
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Security Risks

Security of Cyber-Physical Systems: A Generalized Algorithm for Intrusion Detection and Determining Security Robustness of Cyber Physical Systems using Logical Truth Tables

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis G. Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Logical Truth ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Multiple Signal ◽  
Security Attack ◽  
Truth Tables

The recent proliferation of embedded cyber components in modern physical systems [1] has generated a variety of new security risks which threaten not only cyberspace, but our physical environment as well. Whereas earlier security threats resided primarily in cyberspace, the increasing marriage of digital technology with mechanical systems in cyber-physical systems (CPS), suggests the need for more advanced generalized CPS security measures. To address this problem, in this paper we consider the first step toward an improved security model: detecting the security attack. Using logical truth tables, we have developed a generalized algorithm for intrusion detection in CPS for systems which can be defined over discrete set of valued states. Additionally, a robustness algorithm is given which determines the level of security of a discrete-valued CPS against varying combinations of multiple signal alterations. These algorithms, when coupled with encryption keys which disallow multiple signal alteration, provide for a generalized security methodology for both cyber-security and cyber-physical systems.

Boundary Condition Design to Heat a Moving Object at Uniform Transient Temperature Using Inverse Formulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Ertu¨rk ◽  
Ofodike A. Ezekoye ◽  
John R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Iterative Solution ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Transient Temperature

The boundary condition design of a three-dimensional furnace that heats an object moving along a conveyor belt of an assembly line is considered. A furnace of this type can be used by the manufacturing industry for applications such as industrial baking, curing of paint, annealing or manufacturing through chemical deposition. The object that is to be heated moves along the furnace as it is heated following a specified temperature history. The spatial temperature distribution on the object is kept isothermal through the whole process. The temperature distribution of the heaters of the furnace should be changed as the object moves so that the specified temperature history can be satisfied. The design problem is transient where a series of inverse problems are solved. The process furnace considered is in the shape of a rectangular tunnel where the heaters are located on the top and the design object moves along the bottom. The inverse design approach is used for the solution, which is advantageous over a traditional trial-and-error solution where an iterative solution is required for every position as the object moves. The inverse formulation of the design problem is ill-posed and involves a set of Fredholm equations of the first kind. The use of advanced solvers that are able to regularize the resulting system is essential. These include the conjugate gradient method, the truncated singular value decomposition or Tikhonov regularization, rather than an ordinary solver, like Gauss-Seidel or Gauss elimination.

scholarly journals Efficacy evaluation of three-dimensional printing assisted osteotomy guide plate in accurate osteotomy of adolescent cubitus varus deformity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Wei Zhang ◽  
Xin Xiao ◽  
Wen-Cheng Gao ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Su-Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Cubitus Varus ◽  
Guide Plate ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This present study is aimed to retrospectively assess the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) printing assisted osteotomy guide plate in accurate osteotomy of adolescent cubitus varus deformity. Material and methods Twenty-five patients (15 males and 10 females) with the cubitus varus deformity from June 2014 to December 2017 were included in this study and were enrolled into the conventional group (n = 11) and 3D printing group (n = 14) according to the different surgical approaches. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, osteotomy degrees, osteotomy end union time, and postoperative complications between the two groups were observed and recorded. Results Compared with the conventional group, the 3D printing group has the advantages of shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, higher rate of excellent correction, and higher rate of the parents’ excellent satisfaction with appearance after deformity correction (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.019, P = 0.023). Nevertheless, no significant difference was presented in postoperative carrying angle of the deformed side and total complication rate between the two groups (P = 0.626, P = 0.371). Conclusions The operation assisted by 3D printing osteotomy guide plate to correct the adolescent cubitus varus deformity is feasible and effective, which might be an optional approach to promote the accurate osteotomy and optimize the efficacy.

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