scholarly journals Report on a Plus-Energy District with Low-Temperature DHC Network, Novel Agrothermal Heat Source, and Applied Demand Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Brennenstuhl ◽  
Robin Zeh ◽  
Robert Otto ◽  
Ruben Pesch ◽  
Volker Stockinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating And Cooling

District heating and cooling networks can pose the possibility of including a variety of renewable energy sources as well as waste heat into a district’s heat supply concept. Unfortunately, low demand densities as they increasingly occur through higher building energy standards and in rural areas render conventional heating and cooling networks inefficient. At the same time, power-to-heat is becoming more and more important to make use of a larger amount of renewable energy sources on the electrical side by providing more flexibility by means of demand response and demand-side management. Within this work, a rural Plus-Energy settlement is presented addressing those topics by a low-temperature district heating and cooling network connected to a novel agrothermal collector supplying 23 residential buildings with decentralized heat pumps and PV systems. The collector, the network, and six of the buildings are equipped with comprehensive monitoring equipment. Within those buildings, forecast and optimization algorithms are implemented to adapt their heat pump operation to enable an increase of self-consumption, to include flexible electricity tariffs, and also to participate in power markets. Thereby, for the low-temperature district heating and cooling network, it has been shown that the concept can operate in the future at competitive heat costs. On the building level, up to 50% of cost savings could be achieved under ideal conditions with the optimization of the self-consumption of PV electricity. However, to ensure optimal results, the individual system components have to be dimensioned for this task.

scholarly journals Thermo-economic and environmental analysis of integrating renewable energy sources in a district heating and cooling network

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Saad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Michael K. H. Leung ◽  
Syed Asad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating And Cooling

scholarly journals Possibilities of Upgrading Warsaw Existing Residential Area to Status of Positive Energy Districts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5984
Author(s):  
Hanna Jędrzejuk ◽  
Dorota Chwieduk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
The City

This paper analyses possibilities of refurbishment of Warsaw’s residential buildings towards standards of the Positive Energy District. The annual final energy consumption in the city in 2019 for the district heating was 8668 GWh, gas (pipelines) was 5300 GWh, electricity from the grid was 7500 GWh, while the emission of the carbon dioxide was 5.62 × 109 kg. The city consists of 18 districts, which are heterogeneous in terms of typology and structure of buildings. The great variety of buildings can be seen, for example, by the annual final energy demand for space heating and hot water preparation per unit of room area. This annual index ranges from over 400 kWh/m2 in historic buildings to 60 kWh/m2 in modern buildings. A reduction in the consumption of non-renewable energy sources and carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved by improving the energy standard of residential buildings and by using renewable energy sources: solar energy, geothermal energy and biogas. The potential barriers for achieving the status of a positive energy district, for example, problems connected with ownership, financing new investments and refurbishment and legal boundaries, have been identified. Moreover, changing the existing electrical grid and district heating systems in urban areas in Warsaw requires comprehensive modernization of practically the entire city’s infrastructure.

scholarly journals Development of Innovative Heating and Cooling Systems Using Renewable Energy Sources for Non-Residential Buildings

Energies ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 5114-5129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Moretti ◽  
Emanuele Bonamente ◽  
Cinzia Buratti ◽  
Franco Cotana
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling

scholarly journals Large-Scale Geothermal Collector Systems for 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6035
Author(s):  
Robin Zeh ◽  
Björn Ohlsen ◽  
David Philipp ◽  
David Bertermann ◽  
Tim Kotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Low temperature district heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) in combination with very shallow geothermal energy potentials enable the complete renewable heating and cooling supply of settlements up to entire city districts. With the help of 5GDHC, heating and cooling can be distributed at a low temperature level with almost no distribution losses and made useable to consumers via decentralized heat pumps (HP). Numerous renewable heat sources, from wastewater heat exchangers and low-temperature industrial waste heat to borehole heat exchangers and large-scale geothermal collector systems (LSC), can be used for these networks. The use of large-scale geothermal collector systems also offers the opportunity to shift heating and cooling loads seasonally, contributing to flexibility in the heating network. In addition, the soil can be cooled below freezing point due to the strong regeneration caused by the solar irradiation. Multilayer geothermal collector systems can be used to deliberately generate excessive cooling of individual areas in order to provide cooling energy for residential buildings, office complexes or industrial applications. Planning these systems requires expertise and understanding regarding the interaction of these technologies in the overall system. This paper provides a summary of experience in planning 5GDHC with large-scale geothermal collector systems as well as other renewable heat sources.

scholarly journals Analysis of District Heating and Cooling Energy Systems in Spain: Resources, Technology and Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5442
Author(s):  
Beatriz María Paredes-Sánchez ◽  
José Pablo Paredes ◽  
Natalia Caparrini ◽  
Elena Rivo-López
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Production ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating And Cooling

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems play an important role under the new European Union (EU) energy transition strategy. Thermal energy networks are helping to stimulate the development of alternative technologies based on a broad range of renewable energy sources. The present study analysed the current situation of DHC systems in Spain and provides an overview of the challenges and future opportunities that their use will entail. Its objective is to assess thermal energy conversion and management from a holistic perspective, including a study of existing energy infrastructures. The focus of this study lies on Spain given the country’s abundance of natural resources such as renewable energy sources including solar energy, biomass and geothermal energy, among others, as well as its strategic location on the map of the EU. Based on the analysis of the three factors for energy conversion in a district heating system, namely resources, technology, and management, the methodology provided an assessment of the different factors involved in running a DHC system. The results show an estimated total production for DHC networks of 1448 MWth, of which 72% is supplied purely by renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Energy Accumulation for Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Milan Belik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy Accumulation ◽  
Wind Power Station ◽  
Future Production

This project focuses on optimisation of energy accumulation for various types of distributed renewable energy sources. The main goal is to prepare charging – discharging strategy depending on actual power consumption and prediction of consumption and production of utilised renewable energy sources for future period. The simulation is based on real long term data measured on photovoltaic system, wind power station and meteo station between 2004 – 2021. The data from meteo station serve as the input for the simulation and prediction of the future production while the data from PV system and wind turbine are used either as actual production or as a verification of the predicted values. Various parameters are used for trimming of the optimisation process. Influence of the charging strategy, discharging strategy, values and shape of the demand from the grid and prices is described on typical examples of the simulations. The main goal is to prepare and verify the system in real conditions with real load chart and real consumption defined by the model building with integrated renewable energy sources. The system can be later used in general installations on commercial or residential buildings.

scholarly journals Integrated Capacitive Deionization and Humidification-Dehumidification System for Brackish Water Desalination

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7641
Author(s):  
Sadam-Hussain Soomro ◽  
Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande ◽  
Salman Memon ◽  
Woo-Seung Kim ◽  
Young-Deuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Flow Rates

A hybrid capacitive deionization and humidification-dehumidification (CDI–HDH) desalination system is theoretically investigated for the desalination of brackish water. The CDI system works with two basic operations: adsorption and regeneration. During adsorption, water is desalted, and during the regeneration process the ions from electrodes are detached and flow out as wastewater, which is higher in salt concentration. This wastewater still contains water but cannot be treated again via the CDI unit because CDI cannot treat higher-salinity waters. The discarding of wastewater from CDI is not a good option, since every drop of water is precious. Therefore, CDI wastewater is treated using waste heat in a process that is less sensitive to high salt concentrations, such as humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination. Therefore, in this study, CDI wastewater was treated using the HDH system. Using the combined system (CDI–HDH), this study theoretically investigated brackish water of various salt concentrations and flow rates at the CDI inlet. A maximum distillate of 1079 L/day was achieved from the combined system and the highest recovery rate achieved was 24.90% from the HDH unit. Additionally, two renewable energy sources with novel ideas are recommended to power the CDI–HDH system.

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