scholarly journals In Vitro Digestion of Microcapsule Carriers for Oral Delivery of Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Treatment and Their Inhibitory Effect on the DPP-4 Enzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5041
Author(s):  
Edwin García-Miguel ◽  
Veera C.S.R. Chittepu ◽  
Poonam Kalhotra ◽  
José Proal-Nájera ◽  
Guillermo Osorio-Revilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

Empty microcapsules, originally designed as carriers of bioactive peptides, were prepared by the combined method of a double-emulsion complex with coacervation spray drying and were subjected to an in-vitro digestion process, producing peptides from the whey protein contained in the microcapsule walls. The inhibitory effect of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and modulation of the insulin receptor of hydrolyzed microcapsules were evaluated. The hydrolysate of the microcapsules was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis, showing the presence of low-molecular-weight peptidic compounds, which apparently were responsible for the DPP-4 inhibitory effect. Fluorescence analysis showed that the effect of the hydrolyzed microcapsules on the insulin receptor was 40% that of insulin. The inhibition of DPP-4 was 54.7%. This work demonstrated that empty microcapsules initially designed as carriers of functional peptides also have the capability to inhibit DPP-4 and modulate insulin receptors by themselves.

scholarly journals Fabrication of PLA-PEG Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for Improved Stability and Controlled Release of Catechin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Atulkumar Singh ◽  
Abul Kalam Azad Mandal ◽  
Zaved Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Oral Delivery System ◽  
Improved Stability

The purpose of this study was to develop an oral delivery system for the controlled release of catechin and evaluate the antioxidant potential and stability of catechin loaded PLA/PEG nanoparticles (CATNP). Nanoparticles were synthesized using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The fabricated nanoparticles were relatively small with a hydrodynamic diameter of 300 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 95%. SEM image analysis showed uniform sized and spherically shaped nanoparticles. In vitro release profiles indicated a slow and sustained release of catechin from the nanoparticle. Stability of the nanoparticle in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids is maintained due to the PEG coating on the nanoparticles, which effectively protected catechin against gastrointestinal enzyme activity. Enhanced inhibition action of free radicals and metal chelation potential was noted when catechin was encapsulated in these polymeric nanoparticles. The reports obtained from this study would provide an opportunity for designing an oral delivery system aimed at inhibiting oxidative stress in the human body.

Role of IRS-1-GRB-2 complexes in insulin signaling

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3577-3587
Author(s):  
M G Myers ◽  
L M Wang ◽  
X J Sun ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
L Yenush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
D Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

GRB-2 is a small SH2- and SH3 domain-containing adapter protein that associates with the mammalian SOS homolog to regulate p21ras during growth factor signaling. During insulin stimulation, GRB-2 binds to the phosphorylated Y895VNI motif of IRS-1. Substitution of Tyr-895 with phenylalanine (IRS-1F-895) prevented the IRS-1-GRB-2 association in vivo and in vitro. The myeloid progenitor cell line, 32-D, is insensitive to insulin because it contains few insulin receptors and no IRS-1. Coexpression of IRS-1 or IRS-1F-895 with the insulin receptor was required for insulin-stimulated mitogenesis in 32-D cells, while expression of the insulin receptor alone was sufficient to mediate insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and activation of p21ras and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. The Shc-GRB-2 complex formed during insulin stimulation is a possible mediator of p21ras and MAP kinase activation in IRS-1-deficient 32-D cells. Interestingly, IRS-1, but not IRS-1F-895, enhanced the stimulation of MAP kinase by insulin in 32-D cells expressing insulin receptors. Thus, IRS-1 contributes to the stimulation of MAP kinase by insulin, probably through formation of the IRS-1-GRB-2 complex at Tyr-895. Our results suggest that the Shc-GRB-2 complex and the activation of p21ras-dependent signaling pathways, including MAP kinase, are insufficient for insulin-stimulated mitogenesis and that the essential function(s) of IRS-1 in proliferative signaling is largely unrelated to IRS-1-GRB-2 complex formation.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of four types of tea on the in vitro digestion of starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-472
Author(s):  
Alyssa Gutierrez ◽  
Jiannan Feng ◽  
Libo Tan ◽  
Lingyan Kong
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals Nutritional Value and Biological Activity of Gluten-Free Bread Enriched with Cricket Powder

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski ◽  
Małgorzata Gumienna ◽  
Iga Rybicka ◽  
Barbara Górna ◽  
Paulina Sarbak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Products ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Gluten Free

Cricket powder, described in the literature as a source of nutrients, can be a valuable ingredient to supplement deficiencies in various food products. Work continues on the implementation of cricket powder in products that are widely consumed. The aim of this study was to obtain gluten-free bread with a superior nutritional profile by means of insect powder addition. Gluten-free breads enriched with 2%, 6%, and 10% of cricket (Acheta domesticus) powder were formulated and extensively characterized. The nutritional value, as well as antioxidant and β-glucuronidase activities, were assessed after simulated in vitro digestion. Addition of cricket powder significantly increased the nutritional value, both in terms of the protein content (exceeding two-, four-, and seven-fold the reference bread (RB), respectively) and above all mineral compounds. The most significant changes were observed for Cu, P, and Zn. A significant increase in the content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in the enriched bread was also demonstrated; moreover, both values additionally increased after the digestion process. The total polyphenolic compounds content increased about five-fold from RB to bread with 10% CP (BCP10), and respectively about three-fold after digestion. Similarly, the total antioxidant capacity before digestion increased about four-fold, and after digestion about six-fold. The use of CP also reduced the undesirable activity of β-glucuronidase by 65.9% (RB vs. BCP10) in the small intestine, down to 78.9% in the large intestine. The influence of bread on the intestinal microflora was also evaluated, and no inhibitory effect on the growth of microflora was demonstrated, both beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and pathogenic (Enterococcus and Escherichia coli). Our results underscore the benefits of using cricket powder to increase the nutritional value and biological activity of gluten-free food products.

Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) Containing Rice Bran Oil for Enhanced Fenofibrate Oral Delivery: In Vitro Digestion, Ex Vivo Permeability, and In Vivo Bioavailability Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Karavasili ◽  
Ioannis I. Andreadis ◽  
Maria P. Tsantarliotou ◽  
Ioannis A. Taitzoglou ◽  
Paschalina Chatzopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Delivery Systems
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