scholarly journals Human Neural Stem Cells Flown into Space Proliferate and Generate Young Neurons

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cepeda ◽  
Laurent Vergnes ◽  
Nicholas Carpo ◽  
Matthew J. Schibler ◽  
Laurent A. Bentolila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Cell Processes

Here we demonstrate that human neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate while in space and they express specific NSC markers after being in space. NSCs displayed both higher oxygen consumption and glycolysis than ground controls. These cells also kept their ability to become young neurons. Electrophysiological recordings of space NSC-derived neurons showed immature cell membrane properties characterized by small capacitance and very high input resistance. Current injections elicited only an incipient action potential. No spontaneous synaptic events could be detected, suggesting their immature status even though most recorded cells displayed complex morphology and numerous cell processes. Ascertaining the origin of the NSCs’ increased energy requirement is of the essence in order to design effective measures to minimize health risks associated with long-duration human spaceflight missions.

scholarly journals Behavior of Astrocytes Derived from Human Neural Stem Cells Flown onto Space and Their Progenies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sophia Shaka ◽  
Nicholas Carpo ◽  
Victoria Tran ◽  
Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Long-term travel and prolonged stays for astronauts in outer space are imminent. To date more than 500 astronauts have experienced the extreme conditions of space flight including microgravity and radiation. Here we report that human neural stem cells (NSCs) flown onto space were successfully induced to the astrocyte phenotype when grown in fetal calf serum (FCS) supplemented medium. We want to emphasize that these astrocytes were generated after the space flight through a slow process lasting several weeks. Interestingly, we also found that these cells newly formed astrocytes, proliferated slowly but significantly and they showed a tendency to continue proliferating at the same pace. Astrocytes, a major type of glial cells, are key for the normal function of the central nervous system (CNS). They are also emerging as a critical component in most neurodegenerative diseases. Knowledge on the effects of space microgravity on them is of utmost importance for long duration space travel.

scholarly journals mRNA-Driven Generation of Transgene-Free Neural Stem Cells from Human Urine-Derived Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Jun Kang ◽  
Daryeon Son ◽  
Tae Hee Ko ◽  
Wonjun Hong ◽  
Wonjin Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells

Human neural stem cells (NSCs) hold enormous promise for neurological disorders, typically requiring their expandable and differentiable properties for regeneration of damaged neural tissues. Despite the therapeutic potential of induced NSCs (iNSCs), a major challenge for clinical feasibility is the presence of integrated transgenes in the host genome, contributing to the risk for undesired genotoxicity and tumorigenesis. Here, we describe the advanced transgene-free generation of iNSCs from human urine-derived cells (HUCs) by combining a cocktail of defined small molecules with self-replicable mRNA delivery. The established iNSCs were completely transgene-free in their cytosol and genome and further resembled human embryonic stem cell-derived NSCs in the morphology, biological characteristics, global gene expression, and potential to differentiate into functional neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, iNSC colonies were observed within eight days under optimized conditions, and no teratomas formed in vivo, implying the absence of pluripotent cells. This study proposes an approach to generate transplantable iNSCs that can be broadly applied for neurological disorders in a safe, efficient, and patient-specific manner.

scholarly journals BCOR Internal Tandem Duplication Expression in Neural Stem Cells Promotes Growth, Invasion, and Expression of PRC2 Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3913
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nakata ◽  
Ming Yuan ◽  
Jeffrey A. Rubens ◽  
Ulf D. Kahlert ◽  
Jarek Maciaczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
Internal Tandem Duplication ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
And Migration

Central nervous system tumor with BCL6-corepressor internal tandem duplication (CNS-BCOR ITD) is a malignant entity characterized by recurrent alterations in exon 15 encoding the essential binding domain for the polycomb repressive complex (PRC). In contrast to deletion or truncating mutations seen in other tumors, BCOR expression is upregulated in CNS-BCOR ITD, and a distinct oncogenic mechanism has been suggested. However, the effects of this change on the biology of neuroepithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, we introduced either wildtype BCOR or BCOR-ITD into human and murine neural stem cells and analyzed them with quantitative RT-PCR and RNA-sequencing, as well as growth, clonogenicity, and invasion assays. In human cells, BCOR-ITD promoted derepression of PRC2-target genes compared to wildtype BCOR. A similar effect was found in clinical specimens from previous studies. However, no growth advantage was seen in the human neural stem cells expressing BCOR-ITD, and long-term models could not be established. In the murine cells, both wildtype BCOR and BCOR-ITD overexpression affected cellular differentiation and histone methylation, but only BCOR-ITD increased cellular growth, invasion, and migration. BCOR-ITD overexpression drives transcriptional changes, possibly due to altered PRC function, and contributes to the oncogenic transformation of neural precursors.

scholarly journals Immunosuppressants Affect Human Neural Stem Cells In Vitro but Not in an In Vivo Model of Spinal Cord Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 731-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sontag ◽  
Hal X. Nguyen ◽  
Noriko Kamei ◽  
Nobuko Uchida ◽  
Aileen J. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Human Neural Stem Cells Induce Functional Myelination in Mice with Severe Dysmyelination

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (155) ◽  
pp. 155ra136-155ra136 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Uchida ◽  
K. Chen ◽  
M. Dohse ◽  
K. D. Hansen ◽  
J. Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals Robust Generation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors from Human Neural Stem Cells and Engraftment in Experimental Demyelination Models in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e10145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Neri ◽  
Claudio Maderna ◽  
Daniela Ferrari ◽  
Chiara Cavazzin ◽  
Angelo L. Vescovi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitors ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Experimental Demyelination

scholarly journals Identification of Noncanonical Wnt Receptors Required for Wnt-3a-Induced Early Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 6213-6224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Bengoa-Vergniory ◽  
Irantzu Gorroño-Etxebarria ◽  
Inmaculada López-Sánchez ◽  
Michele Marra ◽  
Pierluigi Di Chiaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Early Differentiation

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Magnetically Targeted Ferumoxide-Labeled Human Neural Stem Cells in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyeoun Song ◽  
Young-Ju Kim ◽  
Yoon-Ha Kim ◽  
Jina Roh ◽  
Eun-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells
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