scholarly journals Simulation Analysis of Knee Ligaments in the Landing Phase of Freestyle Skiing Aerial

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanming Fu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Tianbiao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Medium Risk

The risk of knee injuries in freestyle skiing athletes that perform aerials is high. The internal stresses in the knee joints of these athletes cannot easily be directly measured. In order to ascertain the mechanical response of knee joints during the landing phase, and to explore the mechanism of damage to the cartilage and ligaments, a finite element model of the knee joint was established. Three successful landing conditions (neutral, backward, or forward landing) from a triple kicker were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the risk of cruciate ligament damage during a neutral landing was lowest. A forward landing carried medium risk, while backward landing was of highest risk. Backward and forward landing carried risk of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), respectively. The magnitude of stress on the meniscus and cartilage varied for all three landing scenarios. Stress was largest during neutral landing and least in backward landing, while forward landing resulted in a medium level of stress. The results also provide the basis for training that is scientifically robust so as to reduce the risk of injury and assist in the development of a professional knee joint protector.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Traumatic Injuries Knee Joint

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
M. A. Abdusharipov ◽  
G. D. Matrizayeva ◽  
D. K. Abdullayeva ◽  
D. G. Khudayberganov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Arthroscopy

Purpose: verification of reliability of MRI signs of damage to the structures of the knee joint in comparison with the data of arthroscopy knee joints.Materials and methods. 59 patients were examined (59 knee joints: 41 right (69.5%) and 18 left (30.5%)) with various knee injuries, aged 17 to 49 years (mean age 33.6 years). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and medical diagnostic arthroscopy.Results. The sensitivity of the MRI to the diagnosis of meniscus ruptures was highest: 91.7% for the lateral meniscus and 95.4% for the medial meniscus. At the same time, in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, the MRI examination does not have such a high sensitivity (88.2%). In addition to the above features, MRI provides the ability to determine the damage to bone and cartilage structures. And also according to MRT it is possible to determine the plan of surgical intervention for tears of meniscuses and cruciate ligaments.Conclusion. The obtained data confirm sufficient efficiency of MRI for diagnostics of damages of knee joint structures. Further improvement of methods and increase in experience of interpretation of images will probably reduce amount of false positive and false-negative results in the future.

Deconstructing the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: What We Know and Do Not Know About Function, Material Properties, and Injury Mechanics

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. McLean ◽  
Kaitlyn F. Mallett ◽  
Ellen M. Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common and potentially catastrophic knee joint injury, afflicting a large number of males and particularly females annually. Apart from the obvious acute injury events, it also presents with significant long-term morbidities, in which osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent and debilitative outcome. With these facts in mind, a vast amount of research has been undertaken over the past five decades geared toward characterizing the structural and mechanical behaviors of the native ACL tissue under various external load applications. While these efforts have afforded important insights, both in terms of understanding treating and rehabilitating ACL injuries; injury rates, their well-established sex-based disparity, and long-term sequelae have endured. In reviewing the expanse of literature conducted to date in this area, this paper identifies important knowledge gaps that contribute directly to this long-standing clinical dilemma. In particular, the following limitations remain. First, minimal data exist that accurately describe native ACL mechanics under the extreme loading rates synonymous with actual injury. Second, current ACL mechanical data are typically derived from isolated and oversimplified strain estimates that fail to adequately capture the true 3D mechanical response of this anatomically complex structure. Third, graft tissues commonly chosen to reconstruct the ruptured ACL are mechanically suboptimal, being overdesigned for stiffness compared to the native tissue. The net result is an increased risk of rerupture and a modified and potentially hazardous habitual joint contact profile. These major limitations appear to warrant explicit research attention moving forward in order to successfully maintain/restore optimal knee joint function and long-term life quality in a large number of otherwise healthy individuals.

Studying the Intact, ACL-Deficient and Reconstructed Human Knee Joint Using a Finite Element Model

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achilles Vairis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
George Stefanoudakis ◽  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Betina Kandyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Calculated Load ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The human knee joint has a three dimensional geometry with multiple body articulations that produce complex mechanical responses under loads that occur in everyday life and sports activities. Knowledge of the complex mechanical interactions of these load bearing structures is of help when the treatment of relevant diseases is evaluated and assisting devices are designed. The anterior cruciate ligament in the knee connects the femur to the tibia and is often torn during a sudden twisting motion, resulting in knee instability. The objective of this work is to study the mechanical behavior of the human knee joint in typical everyday activities and evaluate the differences in its response for three different states, intact, injured and reconstructed knee. Three equivalent finite element models were developed. For the reconstructed model a novel repair device developed and patented by the authors was employed. For the verification of the developed models, static load cases presented in a previous modeling work were used. Mechanical stresses calculated for the load cases studied, were very close to results presented in previous experimentally verified work, in both load distribution and maximum calculated load values.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Traumatic Knee and Shoulder Joint Ligaments with MRI among Adult Sudanese Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
Shaza Mahgoub Masaad ◽  
Mohamed Yousef ◽  
Hanady Elyas Osman ◽  
Mustafa Z. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Meniscus Tear ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Joint Group

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently regarded as the reference standard for the diagnosis and evaluation of internal derangements of the knee and shoulder girdle. This study aimed to evaluate traumatic injuries of the knee and shoulder joint ligaments by MRI and classify the most common ligament injuries. Methods and Results: This study included 50 patients, who were presented in the Radiology Department of Modern Medical Center in Khartoum, in the period from October 2019 to January 2020. The sample was divided into two groups: shoulder joint group (Group 1, n=30) with an age range between 16 and 74 years and knee joint group (Group 2, n=20) with an age range between 16 and 77 years. The age group most affected with shoulder (46.7%) and knee joint (25%) injuries was 46-65 years. The injuries of the shoulder (40%) and knee joints (55%) were common in patients with body weight ranging from 71-80kg and >81kg, respectively. Different grades of partial meniscus tear of both shoulder and knee joints were noted as Grades 1 and 2 in 8.7% of cases, Grade 2 - 13%, Grades 2 and 3 - 34.8%, and Grade 3 - 30.4%. There were incidences of 27.3%, 0%, 54.5%, 15.20, 0%, and 3% for anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus C-shape (M Me C), lateral meniscus C-shape (L Me C), MCL, and LCL tears in the knee joints of the affected patients. Conclusion: MRI revealed that injuries to the shoulder and knee joints were common in patients with body weight ranging from 71-80kg and >81kg, respectively. Different grades of partial meniscus tear of the shoulder and knee joints were noted though Grades 2 and 3 partial tears were the most common finding. Finally, it was noted that in the knee joints of the affected patients, the M Me C shaped tear was the major type of tear.

scholarly journals The MRI posterior drawer test to assess posterior cruciate ligament functionality and knee joint laxity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Marie Wollschläger ◽  
Karl Ludger Radke ◽  
Justus Schock ◽  
Niklas Kotowski ◽  
David Latz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

AbstractClinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of joints is limited to mere morphologic evaluation and fails to directly visualize joint or ligament function. In this controlled laboratory study, we show that knee joint functionality may be quantified in situ and as a function of graded posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-deficiency by combining MRI and standardized loading. 11 human knee joints underwent MRI under standardized posterior loading in the unloaded and loaded (147 N) configurations and in the intact, partially, and completely PCL-injured conditions. For each specimen, configuration, and condition, 3D joint models were implemented to analyse joint kinematics based on 3D Euclidean vectors and their projections on the Cartesian planes. Manual 2D measurements served as reference. With increasing PCL deficiency, vector projections increased significantly in the anteroposterior dimension under loading and manual measurements demonstrated similar patterns of change. Consequently, if combined with advanced image post-processing, stress MRI is a powerful diagnostic adjunct to evaluate ligament functionality and joint laxity in multiple dimensions and may have a role in differentiating PCL injury patterns, therapeutic decision-making, and treatment monitoring.

A Study on Construction Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Finite Element Model and Stress Distribution Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xie ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Lin Guo ◽  
Zhi-jun Wang ◽  
Gang Dai
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

To establish a finite element model that reflects the geometric characteristics of the normal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), explore the approaches to model knee joint ligaments and analyze the mechanics of the model. A healthy knee joint specimen was subjected to three-dimensional laser scanning, and then a three-dimensional finite element model for the normal ACL was established using three-dimensional finite element software. Based on the model, the loads of the ACL were simulated to analyze the stress-strain relationship and stress distribution of the ACL. Using the ABAQUS software, a three-dimensional finite element model was established. The whole model contained 22,125 nodes and 46,411 units. In terms of geometric similarity and mesh precision, this model was superior to previous finite element models for the ACL. Through the introduction of material properties, boundary conditions, and loads, finite elements were analyzed and computed successfully. The relationship between overall nodal forces and the displacement of the ACL under anterior loads of the tibia was determined. In addition, the nephogram of the ACL stress spatial distribution was obtained. A vivid, three-dimensional model of the knee joint was established rapidly by using reverse engineering technology and laser scanning. The three-dimensional finite element method can be used for the ACL biomechanics research. The method accurately simulated the ACL stress distribution with the tibia under anterior loads, and the computational results were of clinical significance.

scholarly journals Knee Joint Biomechanics in Physiological Conditions and How Pathologies Can Affect It: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Geng Liu ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Yuzhou Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Normal Knee ◽  
Joint Biomechanics

The knee joint, as the main lower limb motor joint, is the most vulnerable and susceptible joint. The knee injuries considerably impact the normal living ability and mental health of patients. Understanding the biomechanics of a normal and diseased knee joint is in urgent need for designing knee assistive devices and optimizing a rehabilitation exercise program. In this paper, we systematically searched electronic databases (from 2000 to November 2019) including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and IEEE/IET Electronic Library for potentially relevant articles. After duplicates were removed and inclusion criteria applied to the titles, abstracts, and full text, 138 articles remained for review. The selected articles were divided into two groups to be analyzed. Firstly, the real movement of a normal knee joint and the normal knee biomechanics of four kinds of daily motions in the sagittal and coronal planes, which include normal walking, running, stair climbing, and sit-to-stand, were discussed and analyzed. Secondly, an overview of the current knowledge on the movement biomechanical effects of common knee musculoskeletal disorders and knee neurological disorders were provided. Finally, a discussion of the existing problems in the current studies and some recommendation for future research were presented. In general, this review reveals that there is no clear assessment about the biomechanics of normal and diseased knee joints at the current state of the art. The biomechanics properties could be significantly affected by knee musculoskeletal or neurological disorders. Deeper understanding of the biomechanics of the normal and diseased knee joint will still be an urgent need in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a posterior cruciate ligament deficient human knee joint finite element model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achilles Vairis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Betina Kandyla ◽  
Andreas-Marios Tsainis
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint

Development of a 3-D Non-Linear Finite Element Model of Human Knee Joint

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Song ◽  
Richard E. Debski ◽  
Jorge Gil ◽  
Savio L.-Y. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Non Linear

A 3-D finite element (FE) model of the knee is needed to more accurately analyze the kinematics of a knee joint as well as the function of various soft tissues such as ligaments. The data obtained can provide a better understanding of mechanisms of injury and offer valuable information for ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation protocols. The objective of this study was to develop a 3-D non-linear FE model of a human knee and determine its kinematics and the force and stress distributions within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in response to anterior tibial loads at full extension. This model was validated by comparing the computed results to data obtained experimentally by a Robotic/UFS testing system [1].

Biomechanics of Knee Joints after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan He ◽  
Wu He ◽  
Fuke Wang ◽  
Lu Tong ◽  
Zhengguang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the biomechanical properties of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); tibial, femoral articular cartilage; and meniscus in knee joints receiving computer-aided or conventional ACL reconstruction. Three-dimensional (3D) knee joint finite element models were established for healthy volunteers (normal group) and patients receiving computer-aided surgery (CAS) or conventional (traditional surgery [TS]) ACL reconstruction. The stress and stress distribution on the ACL, tibial, femoral articular cartilage, and meniscus were examined after force was applied on the 3D knee joint finite element models. No significant differences were observed in the stress on ACL among normal group, CAS group, and TS group when a femoral backward force was loaded. However, when a vertical force of 350 N was loaded on the knee joints, TS group had significant higher stress on the articular cartilage and meniscus than the other two groups at any flexion angle of 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees. However, no significant differences were observed between CAS group and normal group. In conclusion, computer-aided ACL reconstruction has advantages over conventional surgery approach in restoring the biomechanical properties of knee joints, thus reducing the risk of damage to the knee joint cartilage and meniscus after ACL reconstruction.

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